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Test Results

rajatvig/pact-demo-client

Vulnerabilities

 15 via 171 paths

Dependencies

 86

Source

 GitHub

Commit

 5e26b4b1

Find, fix and prevent vulnerabilities in your code.

Test and protect my applications
Severity
  • 1
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Status
  • 15
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critical severity

Denial of Service (DoS)

  • Vulnerable module: json
  • Introduced through: fastlane@1.104.0, scan@0.13.0 and others

Detailed paths

  • Introduced through: rajatvig/pact-demo-client@rajatvig/pact-demo-client#5e26b4b1e6f3ebe626f5d159555de9f02f2b90b7 › fastlane@1.104.0 › activesupport@4.2.7.1 › json@1.8.3
    Remediation: Upgrade to fastlane@1.104.0.
  • Introduced through: rajatvig/pact-demo-client@rajatvig/pact-demo-client#5e26b4b1e6f3ebe626f5d159555de9f02f2b90b7 › scan@0.13.0 › fastlane_core@0.52.0 › json@1.8.3
    Remediation: Upgrade to scan@0.13.0.
  • Introduced through: rajatvig/pact-demo-client@rajatvig/pact-demo-client#5e26b4b1e6f3ebe626f5d159555de9f02f2b90b7 › fastlane@1.104.0 › fastlane_core@0.52.0 › json@1.8.3
    Remediation: Upgrade to fastlane@1.104.0.
  • Introduced through: rajatvig/pact-demo-client@rajatvig/pact-demo-client#5e26b4b1e6f3ebe626f5d159555de9f02f2b90b7 › xcov@0.11.3 › fastlane_core@0.52.0 › json@1.8.3
    Remediation: Upgrade to xcov@0.11.3.
  • Introduced through: rajatvig/pact-demo-client@rajatvig/pact-demo-client#5e26b4b1e6f3ebe626f5d159555de9f02f2b90b7 › fastlane@1.104.0 › krausefx-shenzhen@0.14.10 › json@1.8.3
  • Introduced through: rajatvig/pact-demo-client@rajatvig/pact-demo-client#5e26b4b1e6f3ebe626f5d159555de9f02f2b90b7 › travis@1.8.2 › pusher-client@0.6.2 › json@1.8.3
    Remediation: Upgrade to travis@1.8.2.
  • Introduced through: rajatvig/pact-demo-client@rajatvig/pact-demo-client#5e26b4b1e6f3ebe626f5d159555de9f02f2b90b7 › fastlane@1.104.0 › xcodeproj@1.3.1 › activesupport@4.2.7.1 › json@1.8.3
    Remediation: Upgrade to fastlane@1.104.0.
  • Introduced through: rajatvig/pact-demo-client@rajatvig/pact-demo-client#5e26b4b1e6f3ebe626f5d159555de9f02f2b90b7 › fastlane@1.104.0 › cert@1.4.2 › fastlane_core@0.52.0 › json@1.8.3
    Remediation: Upgrade to fastlane@1.104.0.
  • Introduced through: rajatvig/pact-demo-client@rajatvig/pact-demo-client#5e26b4b1e6f3ebe626f5d159555de9f02f2b90b7 › fastlane@1.104.0 › deliver@1.14.0 › fastlane_core@0.52.0 › json@1.8.3
    Remediation: Upgrade to fastlane@1.104.0.
  • Introduced through: rajatvig/pact-demo-client@rajatvig/pact-demo-client#5e26b4b1e6f3ebe626f5d159555de9f02f2b90b7 › fastlane@1.104.0 › frameit@2.7.0 › fastlane_core@0.52.0 › json@1.8.3
    Remediation: Upgrade to fastlane@1.104.0.
  • Introduced through: rajatvig/pact-demo-client@rajatvig/pact-demo-client#5e26b4b1e6f3ebe626f5d159555de9f02f2b90b7 › fastlane@1.104.0 › gym@1.10.0 › fastlane_core@0.52.0 › json@1.8.3
    Remediation: Upgrade to fastlane@1.104.0.
  • Introduced through: rajatvig/pact-demo-client@rajatvig/pact-demo-client#5e26b4b1e6f3ebe626f5d159555de9f02f2b90b7 › fastlane@1.104.0 › sigh@1.11.1 › fastlane_core@0.52.0 › json@1.8.3
    Remediation: Upgrade to fastlane@1.104.0.
  • Introduced through: rajatvig/pact-demo-client@rajatvig/pact-demo-client#5e26b4b1e6f3ebe626f5d159555de9f02f2b90b7 › fastlane@1.104.0 › match@0.8.0 › fastlane_core@0.52.0 › json@1.8.3
    Remediation: Upgrade to fastlane@1.104.0.
  • Introduced through: rajatvig/pact-demo-client@rajatvig/pact-demo-client#5e26b4b1e6f3ebe626f5d159555de9f02f2b90b7 › fastlane@1.104.0 › pem@1.3.2 › fastlane_core@0.52.0 › json@1.8.3
    Remediation: Upgrade to fastlane@1.104.0.
  • Introduced through: rajatvig/pact-demo-client@rajatvig/pact-demo-client#5e26b4b1e6f3ebe626f5d159555de9f02f2b90b7 › fastlane@1.104.0 › pilot@1.10.0 › fastlane_core@0.52.0 › json@1.8.3
    Remediation: Upgrade to fastlane@1.104.0.
  • Introduced through: rajatvig/pact-demo-client@rajatvig/pact-demo-client#5e26b4b1e6f3ebe626f5d159555de9f02f2b90b7 › fastlane@1.104.0 › produce@1.2.0 › fastlane_core@0.52.0 › json@1.8.3
    Remediation: Upgrade to fastlane@1.104.0.
  • Introduced through: rajatvig/pact-demo-client@rajatvig/pact-demo-client#5e26b4b1e6f3ebe626f5d159555de9f02f2b90b7 › fastlane@1.104.0 › scan@0.13.0 › fastlane_core@0.52.0 › json@1.8.3
    Remediation: Upgrade to fastlane@1.104.0.
  • Introduced through: rajatvig/pact-demo-client@rajatvig/pact-demo-client#5e26b4b1e6f3ebe626f5d159555de9f02f2b90b7 › fastlane@1.104.0 › screengrab@0.5.3 › fastlane_core@0.52.0 › json@1.8.3
    Remediation: Upgrade to fastlane@1.104.0.
  • Introduced through: rajatvig/pact-demo-client@rajatvig/pact-demo-client#5e26b4b1e6f3ebe626f5d159555de9f02f2b90b7 › fastlane@1.104.0 › snapshot@1.16.0 › fastlane_core@0.52.0 › json@1.8.3
    Remediation: Upgrade to fastlane@1.104.0.
  • Introduced through: rajatvig/pact-demo-client@rajatvig/pact-demo-client#5e26b4b1e6f3ebe626f5d159555de9f02f2b90b7 › fastlane@1.104.0 › supply@0.7.1 › fastlane_core@0.52.0 › json@1.8.3
    Remediation: Upgrade to fastlane@1.104.0.
  • Introduced through: rajatvig/pact-demo-client@rajatvig/pact-demo-client#5e26b4b1e6f3ebe626f5d159555de9f02f2b90b7 › fastlane@1.104.0 › match@0.8.0 › cert@1.4.2 › fastlane_core@0.52.0 › json@1.8.3
    Remediation: Upgrade to fastlane@1.104.0.
  • Introduced through: rajatvig/pact-demo-client@rajatvig/pact-demo-client#5e26b4b1e6f3ebe626f5d159555de9f02f2b90b7 › fastlane@1.104.0 › frameit@2.7.0 › deliver@1.14.0 › fastlane_core@0.52.0 › json@1.8.3
    Remediation: Upgrade to fastlane@1.104.0.
  • Introduced through: rajatvig/pact-demo-client@rajatvig/pact-demo-client#5e26b4b1e6f3ebe626f5d159555de9f02f2b90b7 › fastlane@1.104.0 › match@0.8.0 › sigh@1.11.1 › fastlane_core@0.52.0 › json@1.8.3
    Remediation: Upgrade to fastlane@1.104.0.

…and 20 more

Overview

json is a JSON implementation as a Ruby extension in C.

Affected versions of this package are vulnerable to Denial of Service (DoS). When parsing certain JSON documents, the json gem (including the one bundled with Ruby) can be coerced into creating arbitrary objects in the target system.

This is the same issue as CVE-2013-0269. The previous fix was incomplete, which addressed JSON.parse(user_input), but didn’t address some other styles of JSON parsing including JSON(user_input) and JSON.parse(user_input, nil).

See CVE-2013-0269 in detail.

Details

Denial of Service (DoS) describes a family of attacks, all aimed at making a system inaccessible to its original and legitimate users. There are many types of DoS attacks, ranging from trying to clog the network pipes to the system by generating a large volume of traffic from many machines (a Distributed Denial of Service - DDoS - attack) to sending crafted requests that cause a system to crash or take a disproportional amount of time to process.

The Regular expression Denial of Service (ReDoS) is a type of Denial of Service attack. Regular expressions are incredibly powerful, but they aren't very intuitive and can ultimately end up making it easy for attackers to take your site down.

Let’s take the following regular expression as an example:

regex = /A(B|C+)+D/

This regular expression accomplishes the following:

  • A The string must start with the letter 'A'
  • (B|C+)+ The string must then follow the letter A with either the letter 'B' or some number of occurrences of the letter 'C' (the + matches one or more times). The + at the end of this section states that we can look for one or more matches of this section.
  • D Finally, we ensure this section of the string ends with a 'D'

The expression would match inputs such as ABBD, ABCCCCD, ABCBCCCD and ACCCCCD

It most cases, it doesn't take very long for a regex engine to find a match:

$ time node -e '/A(B|C+)+D/.test("ACCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCD")'
0.04s user 0.01s system 95% cpu 0.052 total

$ time node -e '/A(B|C+)+D/.test("ACCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCX")'
1.79s user 0.02s system 99% cpu 1.812 total

The entire process of testing it against a 30 characters long string takes around ~52ms. But when given an invalid string, it takes nearly two seconds to complete the test, over ten times as long as it took to test a valid string. The dramatic difference is due to the way regular expressions get evaluated.

Most Regex engines will work very similarly (with minor differences). The engine will match the first possible way to accept the current character and proceed to the next one. If it then fails to match the next one, it will backtrack and see if there was another way to digest the previous character. If it goes too far down the rabbit hole only to find out the string doesn’t match in the end, and if many characters have multiple valid regex paths, the number of backtracking steps can become very large, resulting in what is known as catastrophic backtracking.

Let's look at how our expression runs into this problem, using a shorter string: "ACCCX". While it seems fairly straightforward, there are still four different ways that the engine could match those three C's:

  1. CCC
  2. CC+C
  3. C+CC
  4. C+C+C.

The engine has to try each of those combinations to see if any of them potentially match against the expression. When you combine that with the other steps the engine must take, we can use RegEx 101 debugger to see the engine has to take a total of 38 steps before it can determine the string doesn't match.

From there, the number of steps the engine must use to validate a string just continues to grow.

String Number of C's Number of steps
ACCCX 3 38
ACCCCX 4 71
ACCCCCX 5 136
ACCCCCCCCCCCCCCX 14 65,553

By the time the string includes 14 C's, the engine has to take over 65,000 steps just to see if the string is valid. These extreme situations can cause them to work very slowly (exponentially related to input size, as shown above), allowing an attacker to exploit this and can cause the service to excessively consume CPU, resulting in a Denial of Service.

Remediation

Upgrade json to version 2.3.0 or higher.

References

Denial of Service (DoS) vulnerability report

high severity

Denial of Service (DoS)

  • Vulnerable module: rubyzip
  • Introduced through: scan@0.13.0, fastlane@1.104.0 and others

Detailed paths

  • Introduced through: rajatvig/pact-demo-client@rajatvig/pact-demo-client#5e26b4b1e6f3ebe626f5d159555de9f02f2b90b7 › scan@0.13.0 › fastlane_core@0.52.0 › rubyzip@1.1.7
  • Introduced through: rajatvig/pact-demo-client@rajatvig/pact-demo-client#5e26b4b1e6f3ebe626f5d159555de9f02f2b90b7 › fastlane@1.104.0 › fastlane_core@0.52.0 › rubyzip@1.1.7
  • Introduced through: rajatvig/pact-demo-client@rajatvig/pact-demo-client#5e26b4b1e6f3ebe626f5d159555de9f02f2b90b7 › xcov@0.11.3 › fastlane_core@0.52.0 › rubyzip@1.1.7
  • Introduced through: rajatvig/pact-demo-client@rajatvig/pact-demo-client#5e26b4b1e6f3ebe626f5d159555de9f02f2b90b7 › fastlane@1.104.0 › gym@1.10.0 › rubyzip@1.1.7
    Remediation: Upgrade to fastlane@1.104.0.
  • Introduced through: rajatvig/pact-demo-client@rajatvig/pact-demo-client#5e26b4b1e6f3ebe626f5d159555de9f02f2b90b7 › fastlane@1.104.0 › krausefx-shenzhen@0.14.10 › rubyzip@1.1.7
    Remediation: Upgrade to fastlane@1.104.0.
  • Introduced through: rajatvig/pact-demo-client@rajatvig/pact-demo-client#5e26b4b1e6f3ebe626f5d159555de9f02f2b90b7 › fastlane@1.104.0 › cert@1.4.2 › fastlane_core@0.52.0 › rubyzip@1.1.7
  • Introduced through: rajatvig/pact-demo-client@rajatvig/pact-demo-client#5e26b4b1e6f3ebe626f5d159555de9f02f2b90b7 › fastlane@1.104.0 › deliver@1.14.0 › fastlane_core@0.52.0 › rubyzip@1.1.7
  • Introduced through: rajatvig/pact-demo-client@rajatvig/pact-demo-client#5e26b4b1e6f3ebe626f5d159555de9f02f2b90b7 › fastlane@1.104.0 › frameit@2.7.0 › fastlane_core@0.52.0 › rubyzip@1.1.7
  • Introduced through: rajatvig/pact-demo-client@rajatvig/pact-demo-client#5e26b4b1e6f3ebe626f5d159555de9f02f2b90b7 › fastlane@1.104.0 › gym@1.10.0 › fastlane_core@0.52.0 › rubyzip@1.1.7
  • Introduced through: rajatvig/pact-demo-client@rajatvig/pact-demo-client#5e26b4b1e6f3ebe626f5d159555de9f02f2b90b7 › fastlane@1.104.0 › sigh@1.11.1 › fastlane_core@0.52.0 › rubyzip@1.1.7
  • Introduced through: rajatvig/pact-demo-client@rajatvig/pact-demo-client#5e26b4b1e6f3ebe626f5d159555de9f02f2b90b7 › fastlane@1.104.0 › match@0.8.0 › fastlane_core@0.52.0 › rubyzip@1.1.7
  • Introduced through: rajatvig/pact-demo-client@rajatvig/pact-demo-client#5e26b4b1e6f3ebe626f5d159555de9f02f2b90b7 › fastlane@1.104.0 › pem@1.3.2 › fastlane_core@0.52.0 › rubyzip@1.1.7
  • Introduced through: rajatvig/pact-demo-client@rajatvig/pact-demo-client#5e26b4b1e6f3ebe626f5d159555de9f02f2b90b7 › fastlane@1.104.0 › pilot@1.10.0 › fastlane_core@0.52.0 › rubyzip@1.1.7
  • Introduced through: rajatvig/pact-demo-client@rajatvig/pact-demo-client#5e26b4b1e6f3ebe626f5d159555de9f02f2b90b7 › fastlane@1.104.0 › produce@1.2.0 › fastlane_core@0.52.0 › rubyzip@1.1.7
  • Introduced through: rajatvig/pact-demo-client@rajatvig/pact-demo-client#5e26b4b1e6f3ebe626f5d159555de9f02f2b90b7 › fastlane@1.104.0 › scan@0.13.0 › fastlane_core@0.52.0 › rubyzip@1.1.7
  • Introduced through: rajatvig/pact-demo-client@rajatvig/pact-demo-client#5e26b4b1e6f3ebe626f5d159555de9f02f2b90b7 › fastlane@1.104.0 › screengrab@0.5.3 › fastlane_core@0.52.0 › rubyzip@1.1.7
  • Introduced through: rajatvig/pact-demo-client@rajatvig/pact-demo-client#5e26b4b1e6f3ebe626f5d159555de9f02f2b90b7 › fastlane@1.104.0 › snapshot@1.16.0 › fastlane_core@0.52.0 › rubyzip@1.1.7
  • Introduced through: rajatvig/pact-demo-client@rajatvig/pact-demo-client#5e26b4b1e6f3ebe626f5d159555de9f02f2b90b7 › fastlane@1.104.0 › supply@0.7.1 › fastlane_core@0.52.0 › rubyzip@1.1.7
  • Introduced through: rajatvig/pact-demo-client@rajatvig/pact-demo-client#5e26b4b1e6f3ebe626f5d159555de9f02f2b90b7 › fastlane@1.104.0 › match@0.8.0 › cert@1.4.2 › fastlane_core@0.52.0 › rubyzip@1.1.7
  • Introduced through: rajatvig/pact-demo-client@rajatvig/pact-demo-client#5e26b4b1e6f3ebe626f5d159555de9f02f2b90b7 › fastlane@1.104.0 › frameit@2.7.0 › deliver@1.14.0 › fastlane_core@0.52.0 › rubyzip@1.1.7
  • Introduced through: rajatvig/pact-demo-client@rajatvig/pact-demo-client#5e26b4b1e6f3ebe626f5d159555de9f02f2b90b7 › fastlane@1.104.0 › match@0.8.0 › sigh@1.11.1 › fastlane_core@0.52.0 › rubyzip@1.1.7

…and 18 more

Overview

rubyzip is a ruby module for reading and writing zip files.

Affected versions of this package are vulnerable to Denial of Service (DoS). It is possible for a crafted ZIP file to bypass application checks on ZIP entry sizes because data about the uncompressed size can be spoofed. This allows attackers to cause a denial of service through maximum disk consumption. By default, the validate_entry_sizes option should be set to true, so that callers can trust an entry's reported size when using extract.

Details

Denial of Service (DoS) describes a family of attacks, all aimed at making a system inaccessible to its intended and legitimate users.

Unlike other vulnerabilities, DoS attacks usually do not aim at breaching security. Rather, they are focused on making websites and services unavailable to genuine users resulting in downtime.

One popular Denial of Service vulnerability is DDoS (a Distributed Denial of Service), an attack that attempts to clog network pipes to the system by generating a large volume of traffic from many machines.

When it comes to open source libraries, DoS vulnerabilities allow attackers to trigger such a crash or crippling of the service by using a flaw either in the application code or from the use of open source libraries.

Two common types of DoS vulnerabilities:

  • High CPU/Memory Consumption- An attacker sending crafted requests that could cause the system to take a disproportionate amount of time to process. For example, commons-fileupload:commons-fileupload.

  • Crash - An attacker sending crafted requests that could cause the system to crash. For Example, npm ws package

Remediation

Upgrade rubyzip to version 1.3.0 or higher.

References

Denial of Service (DoS) vulnerability report

high severity

Deserialization of Untrusted Data

  • Vulnerable module: activesupport
  • Introduced through: fastlane@1.104.0

Detailed paths

  • Introduced through: rajatvig/pact-demo-client@rajatvig/pact-demo-client#5e26b4b1e6f3ebe626f5d159555de9f02f2b90b7 › fastlane@1.104.0 › activesupport@4.2.7.1
    Remediation: Upgrade to fastlane@2.27.0.
  • Introduced through: rajatvig/pact-demo-client@rajatvig/pact-demo-client#5e26b4b1e6f3ebe626f5d159555de9f02f2b90b7 › fastlane@1.104.0 › xcodeproj@1.3.1 › activesupport@4.2.7.1
    Remediation: Upgrade to fastlane@1.104.0.

Overview

activesupport is a toolkit of support libraries and Ruby core extensions extracted from the Rails framework.

Affected versions of this package are vulnerable to Deserialization of Untrusted Data via the MemCacheStore and RedisCacheStore. when untrusted user input is written to the cache store using the raw: true parameter, re-reading the result from the cache can evaluate the user input as a Marshalled object instead of plain text.

Remediation

Upgrade activesupport to version 5.2.4.3, 6.0.3.1 or higher.

References

Deserialization of Untrusted Data vulnerability report

high severity

DLL Loading Issue

  • Vulnerable module: ffi
  • Introduced through: travis@1.8.2

Detailed paths

  • Introduced through: rajatvig/pact-demo-client@rajatvig/pact-demo-client#5e26b4b1e6f3ebe626f5d159555de9f02f2b90b7 › travis@1.8.2 › typhoeus@0.8.0 › ethon@0.9.1 › ffi@1.9.14
    Remediation: Upgrade to travis@1.8.2.

Overview

ffi is a ruby extension for programmatically loading dynamic libraries, binding functions within them, and calling those functions from Ruby code.

Affected versions of this package are vulnerable to DLL Loading Issue on Windows OS, when a Symbol is used as DLL name instead of a String.

Remediation

Upgrade ffi to version 1.9.24 or higher.

References

DLL Loading Issue vulnerability report

high severity

Regular Expression Denial of Service (ReDoS)

  • Vulnerable module: addressable
  • Introduced through: fastlane@1.104.0 and travis@1.8.2

Detailed paths

  • Introduced through: rajatvig/pact-demo-client@rajatvig/pact-demo-client#5e26b4b1e6f3ebe626f5d159555de9f02f2b90b7 › fastlane@1.104.0 › addressable@2.4.0
    Remediation: Upgrade to fastlane@1.104.0.
  • Introduced through: rajatvig/pact-demo-client@rajatvig/pact-demo-client#5e26b4b1e6f3ebe626f5d159555de9f02f2b90b7 › travis@1.8.2 › gh@0.14.0 › addressable@2.4.0
    Remediation: Upgrade to travis@1.8.2.
  • Introduced through: rajatvig/pact-demo-client@rajatvig/pact-demo-client#5e26b4b1e6f3ebe626f5d159555de9f02f2b90b7 › travis@1.8.2 › launchy@2.4.3 › addressable@2.4.0
    Remediation: Upgrade to travis@1.8.2.
  • Introduced through: rajatvig/pact-demo-client@rajatvig/pact-demo-client#5e26b4b1e6f3ebe626f5d159555de9f02f2b90b7 › fastlane@1.104.0 › spaceship@0.34.1 › fastimage@1.6.8 › addressable@2.4.0
    Remediation: Upgrade to fastlane@1.104.0.
  • Introduced through: rajatvig/pact-demo-client@rajatvig/pact-demo-client#5e26b4b1e6f3ebe626f5d159555de9f02f2b90b7 › fastlane@1.104.0 › deliver@1.14.0 › fastimage@1.6.8 › addressable@2.4.0
    Remediation: Upgrade to fastlane@1.104.0.
  • Introduced through: rajatvig/pact-demo-client@rajatvig/pact-demo-client#5e26b4b1e6f3ebe626f5d159555de9f02f2b90b7 › fastlane@1.104.0 › frameit@2.7.0 › fastimage@1.6.8 › addressable@2.4.0
    Remediation: Upgrade to fastlane@1.104.0.
  • Introduced through: rajatvig/pact-demo-client@rajatvig/pact-demo-client#5e26b4b1e6f3ebe626f5d159555de9f02f2b90b7 › fastlane@1.104.0 › snapshot@1.16.0 › fastimage@1.6.8 › addressable@2.4.0
    Remediation: Upgrade to fastlane@1.104.0.
  • Introduced through: rajatvig/pact-demo-client@rajatvig/pact-demo-client#5e26b4b1e6f3ebe626f5d159555de9f02f2b90b7 › fastlane@1.104.0 › supply@0.7.1 › google-api-client@0.9.15 › addressable@2.4.0
    Remediation: Upgrade to fastlane@1.104.0.
  • Introduced through: rajatvig/pact-demo-client@rajatvig/pact-demo-client#5e26b4b1e6f3ebe626f5d159555de9f02f2b90b7 › fastlane@1.104.0 › cert@1.4.2 › spaceship@0.34.1 › fastimage@1.6.8 › addressable@2.4.0
    Remediation: Upgrade to fastlane@1.104.0.
  • Introduced through: rajatvig/pact-demo-client@rajatvig/pact-demo-client#5e26b4b1e6f3ebe626f5d159555de9f02f2b90b7 › fastlane@1.104.0 › deliver@1.14.0 › spaceship@0.34.1 › fastimage@1.6.8 › addressable@2.4.0
    Remediation: Upgrade to fastlane@1.104.0.
  • Introduced through: rajatvig/pact-demo-client@rajatvig/pact-demo-client#5e26b4b1e6f3ebe626f5d159555de9f02f2b90b7 › fastlane@1.104.0 › sigh@1.11.1 › spaceship@0.34.1 › fastimage@1.6.8 › addressable@2.4.0
    Remediation: Upgrade to fastlane@1.104.0.
  • Introduced through: rajatvig/pact-demo-client@rajatvig/pact-demo-client#5e26b4b1e6f3ebe626f5d159555de9f02f2b90b7 › fastlane@1.104.0 › match@0.8.0 › spaceship@0.34.1 › fastimage@1.6.8 › addressable@2.4.0
    Remediation: Upgrade to fastlane@1.104.0.
  • Introduced through: rajatvig/pact-demo-client@rajatvig/pact-demo-client#5e26b4b1e6f3ebe626f5d159555de9f02f2b90b7 › fastlane@1.104.0 › pem@1.3.2 › spaceship@0.34.1 › fastimage@1.6.8 › addressable@2.4.0
    Remediation: Upgrade to fastlane@1.104.0.
  • Introduced through: rajatvig/pact-demo-client@rajatvig/pact-demo-client#5e26b4b1e6f3ebe626f5d159555de9f02f2b90b7 › fastlane@1.104.0 › pilot@1.10.0 › spaceship@0.34.1 › fastimage@1.6.8 › addressable@2.4.0
    Remediation: Upgrade to fastlane@1.104.0.
  • Introduced through: rajatvig/pact-demo-client@rajatvig/pact-demo-client#5e26b4b1e6f3ebe626f5d159555de9f02f2b90b7 › fastlane@1.104.0 › produce@1.2.0 › spaceship@0.34.1 › fastimage@1.6.8 › addressable@2.4.0
    Remediation: Upgrade to fastlane@1.104.0.
  • Introduced through: rajatvig/pact-demo-client@rajatvig/pact-demo-client#5e26b4b1e6f3ebe626f5d159555de9f02f2b90b7 › fastlane@1.104.0 › xcode-install@2.0.7 › spaceship@0.34.1 › fastimage@1.6.8 › addressable@2.4.0
    Remediation: Upgrade to fastlane@1.104.0.
  • Introduced through: rajatvig/pact-demo-client@rajatvig/pact-demo-client#5e26b4b1e6f3ebe626f5d159555de9f02f2b90b7 › fastlane@1.104.0 › frameit@2.7.0 › deliver@1.14.0 › fastimage@1.6.8 › addressable@2.4.0
    Remediation: Upgrade to fastlane@1.104.0.
  • Introduced through: rajatvig/pact-demo-client@rajatvig/pact-demo-client#5e26b4b1e6f3ebe626f5d159555de9f02f2b90b7 › fastlane@1.104.0 › match@0.8.0 › cert@1.4.2 › spaceship@0.34.1 › fastimage@1.6.8 › addressable@2.4.0
    Remediation: Upgrade to fastlane@1.104.0.
  • Introduced through: rajatvig/pact-demo-client@rajatvig/pact-demo-client#5e26b4b1e6f3ebe626f5d159555de9f02f2b90b7 › fastlane@1.104.0 › frameit@2.7.0 › deliver@1.14.0 › spaceship@0.34.1 › fastimage@1.6.8 › addressable@2.4.0
    Remediation: Upgrade to fastlane@1.104.0.
  • Introduced through: rajatvig/pact-demo-client@rajatvig/pact-demo-client#5e26b4b1e6f3ebe626f5d159555de9f02f2b90b7 › fastlane@1.104.0 › match@0.8.0 › sigh@1.11.1 › spaceship@0.34.1 › fastimage@1.6.8 › addressable@2.4.0
    Remediation: Upgrade to fastlane@1.104.0.
  • Introduced through: rajatvig/pact-demo-client@rajatvig/pact-demo-client#5e26b4b1e6f3ebe626f5d159555de9f02f2b90b7 › fastlane@1.104.0 › supply@0.7.1 › google-api-client@0.9.15 › googleauth@0.5.1 › signet@0.7.3 › addressable@2.4.0
    Remediation: Upgrade to fastlane@1.104.0.

…and 18 more

Overview

addressable is an is an alternative implementation to the URI implementation that is part of Ruby's standard library.

Affected versions of this package are vulnerable to Regular Expression Denial of Service (ReDoS) within the URI template implementation. A maliciously crafted template may result in uncontrolled resource consumption.

Details

Denial of Service (DoS) describes a family of attacks, all aimed at making a system inaccessible to its original and legitimate users. There are many types of DoS attacks, ranging from trying to clog the network pipes to the system by generating a large volume of traffic from many machines (a Distributed Denial of Service - DDoS - attack) to sending crafted requests that cause a system to crash or take a disproportional amount of time to process.

The Regular expression Denial of Service (ReDoS) is a type of Denial of Service attack. Regular expressions are incredibly powerful, but they aren't very intuitive and can ultimately end up making it easy for attackers to take your site down.

Let’s take the following regular expression as an example:

regex = /A(B|C+)+D/

This regular expression accomplishes the following:

  • A The string must start with the letter 'A'
  • (B|C+)+ The string must then follow the letter A with either the letter 'B' or some number of occurrences of the letter 'C' (the + matches one or more times). The + at the end of this section states that we can look for one or more matches of this section.
  • D Finally, we ensure this section of the string ends with a 'D'

The expression would match inputs such as ABBD, ABCCCCD, ABCBCCCD and ACCCCCD

It most cases, it doesn't take very long for a regex engine to find a match:

$ time node -e '/A(B|C+)+D/.test("ACCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCD")'
0.04s user 0.01s system 95% cpu 0.052 total

$ time node -e '/A(B|C+)+D/.test("ACCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCX")'
1.79s user 0.02s system 99% cpu 1.812 total

The entire process of testing it against a 30 characters long string takes around ~52ms. But when given an invalid string, it takes nearly two seconds to complete the test, over ten times as long as it took to test a valid string. The dramatic difference is due to the way regular expressions get evaluated.

Most Regex engines will work very similarly (with minor differences). The engine will match the first possible way to accept the current character and proceed to the next one. If it then fails to match the next one, it will backtrack and see if there was another way to digest the previous character. If it goes too far down the rabbit hole only to find out the string doesn’t match in the end, and if many characters have multiple valid regex paths, the number of backtracking steps can become very large, resulting in what is known as catastrophic backtracking.

Let's look at how our expression runs into this problem, using a shorter string: "ACCCX". While it seems fairly straightforward, there are still four different ways that the engine could match those three C's:

  1. CCC
  2. CC+C
  3. C+CC
  4. C+C+C.

The engine has to try each of those combinations to see if any of them potentially match against the expression. When you combine that with the other steps the engine must take, we can use RegEx 101 debugger to see the engine has to take a total of 38 steps before it can determine the string doesn't match.

From there, the number of steps the engine must use to validate a string just continues to grow.

String Number of C's Number of steps
ACCCX 3 38
ACCCCX 4 71
ACCCCCX 5 136
ACCCCCCCCCCCCCCX 14 65,553

By the time the string includes 14 C's, the engine has to take over 65,000 steps just to see if the string is valid. These extreme situations can cause them to work very slowly (exponentially related to input size, as shown above), allowing an attacker to exploit this and can cause the service to excessively consume CPU, resulting in a Denial of Service.

Remediation

Upgrade addressable to version 2.8.0 or higher.

References

Regular Expression Denial of Service (ReDoS) vulnerability report

high severity

Denial of Service (DoS)

  • Vulnerable module: i18n
  • Introduced through: fastlane@1.104.0

Detailed paths

  • Introduced through: rajatvig/pact-demo-client@rajatvig/pact-demo-client#5e26b4b1e6f3ebe626f5d159555de9f02f2b90b7 › fastlane@1.104.0 › activesupport@4.2.7.1 › i18n@0.7.0
    Remediation: Upgrade to fastlane@1.104.0.
  • Introduced through: rajatvig/pact-demo-client@rajatvig/pact-demo-client#5e26b4b1e6f3ebe626f5d159555de9f02f2b90b7 › fastlane@1.104.0 › xcodeproj@1.3.1 › activesupport@4.2.7.1 › i18n@0.7.0
    Remediation: Upgrade to fastlane@1.104.0.

Overview

i18n is a Ruby Internationalization and localization solution.

Affected versions of this package are vulnerable to Denial of Service (DoS) attacks via the Hash#slice() Function. An attaker may cause the program to crash by calling a hash when :some_key is in keep_keys but not in the hash.

Details

Denial of Service (DoS) describes a family of attacks, all aimed at making a system inaccessible to its intended and legitimate users.

Unlike other vulnerabilities, DoS attacks usually do not aim at breaching security. Rather, they are focused on making websites and services unavailable to genuine users resulting in downtime.

One popular Denial of Service vulnerability is DDoS (a Distributed Denial of Service), an attack that attempts to clog network pipes to the system by generating a large volume of traffic from many machines.

When it comes to open source libraries, DoS vulnerabilities allow attackers to trigger such a crash or crippling of the service by using a flaw either in the application code or from the use of open source libraries.

Two common types of DoS vulnerabilities:

  • High CPU/Memory Consumption- An attacker sending crafted requests that could cause the system to take a disproportionate amount of time to process. For example, commons-fileupload:commons-fileupload.

  • Crash - An attacker sending crafted requests that could cause the system to crash. For Example, npm ws package

Remediation

Upgrade i18n to version 0.8.0 or higher.

References

Denial of Service (DoS) vulnerability report

high severity

Remote Code Execution

  • Vulnerable module: mini_magick
  • Introduced through: fastlane@1.104.0

Detailed paths

  • Introduced through: rajatvig/pact-demo-client@rajatvig/pact-demo-client#5e26b4b1e6f3ebe626f5d159555de9f02f2b90b7 › fastlane@1.104.0 › frameit@2.7.0 › mini_magick@4.5.1

Overview

mini_magick is a ruby wrapper for ImageMagick or GraphicsMagick command line.

Affected versions of this package are vulnerable to Remote Code Execution. A fetched remote image filename can cause remote command execution due to Image.open input being directly passed to Kernel#open, which accepts a | character followed by a command.

Remediation

Upgrade mini_magick to version 4.9.4 or higher.

References

Remote Code Execution vulnerability report

high severity

Directory Traversal

  • Vulnerable module: tzinfo
  • Introduced through: fastlane@1.104.0

Detailed paths

  • Introduced through: rajatvig/pact-demo-client@rajatvig/pact-demo-client#5e26b4b1e6f3ebe626f5d159555de9f02f2b90b7 › fastlane@1.104.0 › activesupport@4.2.7.1 › tzinfo@1.2.2
    Remediation: Upgrade to fastlane@1.104.0.
  • Introduced through: rajatvig/pact-demo-client@rajatvig/pact-demo-client#5e26b4b1e6f3ebe626f5d159555de9f02f2b90b7 › fastlane@1.104.0 › xcodeproj@1.3.1 › activesupport@4.2.7.1 › tzinfo@1.2.2
    Remediation: Upgrade to fastlane@1.104.0.

Overview

Affected versions of this package are vulnerable to Directory Traversal. TZInfo::Timezone.get fails to validate time zone identifiers correctly, allowing a new line character within the identifier. With Ruby version 1.9.3 and later, TZInfo::Timezone.get can be made to load unintended files with require, executing them within the Ruby process.

This could be exploited in, for example, a Ruby on Rails application using a vulnerable version of tzinfo, that allows file uploads and has a time zone selector that accepts arbitrary time zone identifiers.

Details

A Directory Traversal attack (also known as path traversal) aims to access files and directories that are stored outside the intended folder. By manipulating files with "dot-dot-slash (../)" sequences and its variations, or by using absolute file paths, it may be possible to access arbitrary files and directories stored on file system, including application source code, configuration, and other critical system files.

Directory Traversal vulnerabilities can be generally divided into two types:

  • Information Disclosure: Allows the attacker to gain information about the folder structure or read the contents of sensitive files on the system.

st is a module for serving static files on web pages, and contains a vulnerability of this type. In our example, we will serve files from the public route.

If an attacker requests the following URL from our server, it will in turn leak the sensitive private key of the root user.

curl http://localhost:8080/public/%2e%2e/%2e%2e/%2e%2e/%2e%2e/%2e%2e/root/.ssh/id_rsa

Note %2e is the URL encoded version of . (dot).

  • Writing arbitrary files: Allows the attacker to create or replace existing files. This type of vulnerability is also known as Zip-Slip.

One way to achieve this is by using a malicious zip archive that holds path traversal filenames. When each filename in the zip archive gets concatenated to the target extraction folder, without validation, the final path ends up outside of the target folder. If an executable or a configuration file is overwritten with a file containing malicious code, the problem can turn into an arbitrary code execution issue quite easily.

The following is an example of a zip archive with one benign file and one malicious file. Extracting the malicious file will result in traversing out of the target folder, ending up in /root/.ssh/ overwriting the authorized_keys file:

2018-04-15 22:04:29 .....           19           19  good.txt
2018-04-15 22:04:42 .....           20           20  ../../../../../../root/.ssh/authorized_keys

Remediation

Upgrade tzinfo to version 0.3.61, 1.2.10 or higher.

References

Directory Traversal vulnerability report

high severity

Arbitrary Code Injection

  • Vulnerable module: faraday_middleware
  • Introduced through: travis@1.8.2 and fastlane@1.104.0

Detailed paths

  • Introduced through: rajatvig/pact-demo-client@rajatvig/pact-demo-client#5e26b4b1e6f3ebe626f5d159555de9f02f2b90b7 › travis@1.8.2 › faraday_middleware@0.10.0
    Remediation: Upgrade to travis@1.8.2.
  • Introduced through: rajatvig/pact-demo-client@rajatvig/pact-demo-client#5e26b4b1e6f3ebe626f5d159555de9f02f2b90b7 › fastlane@1.104.0 › spaceship@0.34.1 › faraday_middleware@0.10.0
    Remediation: Upgrade to fastlane@1.104.0.
  • Introduced through: rajatvig/pact-demo-client@rajatvig/pact-demo-client#5e26b4b1e6f3ebe626f5d159555de9f02f2b90b7 › fastlane@1.104.0 › krausefx-shenzhen@0.14.10 › faraday_middleware@0.10.0
    Remediation: Upgrade to fastlane@1.104.0.
  • Introduced through: rajatvig/pact-demo-client@rajatvig/pact-demo-client#5e26b4b1e6f3ebe626f5d159555de9f02f2b90b7 › fastlane@1.104.0 › cert@1.4.2 › spaceship@0.34.1 › faraday_middleware@0.10.0
    Remediation: Upgrade to fastlane@1.104.0.
  • Introduced through: rajatvig/pact-demo-client@rajatvig/pact-demo-client#5e26b4b1e6f3ebe626f5d159555de9f02f2b90b7 › fastlane@1.104.0 › deliver@1.14.0 › spaceship@0.34.1 › faraday_middleware@0.10.0
    Remediation: Upgrade to fastlane@1.104.0.
  • Introduced through: rajatvig/pact-demo-client@rajatvig/pact-demo-client#5e26b4b1e6f3ebe626f5d159555de9f02f2b90b7 › fastlane@1.104.0 › sigh@1.11.1 › spaceship@0.34.1 › faraday_middleware@0.10.0
    Remediation: Upgrade to fastlane@1.104.0.
  • Introduced through: rajatvig/pact-demo-client@rajatvig/pact-demo-client#5e26b4b1e6f3ebe626f5d159555de9f02f2b90b7 › fastlane@1.104.0 › match@0.8.0 › spaceship@0.34.1 › faraday_middleware@0.10.0
    Remediation: Upgrade to fastlane@1.104.0.
  • Introduced through: rajatvig/pact-demo-client@rajatvig/pact-demo-client#5e26b4b1e6f3ebe626f5d159555de9f02f2b90b7 › fastlane@1.104.0 › pem@1.3.2 › spaceship@0.34.1 › faraday_middleware@0.10.0
    Remediation: Upgrade to fastlane@1.104.0.
  • Introduced through: rajatvig/pact-demo-client@rajatvig/pact-demo-client#5e26b4b1e6f3ebe626f5d159555de9f02f2b90b7 › fastlane@1.104.0 › pilot@1.10.0 › spaceship@0.34.1 › faraday_middleware@0.10.0
    Remediation: Upgrade to fastlane@1.104.0.
  • Introduced through: rajatvig/pact-demo-client@rajatvig/pact-demo-client#5e26b4b1e6f3ebe626f5d159555de9f02f2b90b7 › fastlane@1.104.0 › produce@1.2.0 › spaceship@0.34.1 › faraday_middleware@0.10.0
    Remediation: Upgrade to fastlane@1.104.0.
  • Introduced through: rajatvig/pact-demo-client@rajatvig/pact-demo-client#5e26b4b1e6f3ebe626f5d159555de9f02f2b90b7 › fastlane@1.104.0 › xcode-install@2.0.7 › spaceship@0.34.1 › faraday_middleware@0.10.0
    Remediation: Upgrade to fastlane@1.104.0.
  • Introduced through: rajatvig/pact-demo-client@rajatvig/pact-demo-client#5e26b4b1e6f3ebe626f5d159555de9f02f2b90b7 › fastlane@1.104.0 › match@0.8.0 › cert@1.4.2 › spaceship@0.34.1 › faraday_middleware@0.10.0
    Remediation: Upgrade to fastlane@1.104.0.
  • Introduced through: rajatvig/pact-demo-client@rajatvig/pact-demo-client#5e26b4b1e6f3ebe626f5d159555de9f02f2b90b7 › fastlane@1.104.0 › frameit@2.7.0 › deliver@1.14.0 › spaceship@0.34.1 › faraday_middleware@0.10.0
    Remediation: Upgrade to fastlane@1.104.0.
  • Introduced through: rajatvig/pact-demo-client@rajatvig/pact-demo-client#5e26b4b1e6f3ebe626f5d159555de9f02f2b90b7 › fastlane@1.104.0 › match@0.8.0 › sigh@1.11.1 › spaceship@0.34.1 › faraday_middleware@0.10.0
    Remediation: Upgrade to fastlane@1.104.0.

…and 11 more

Overview

faraday_middleware is a middleware for Faraday.

Affected versions of the package are vulnerable to Arbitrary Code Injection via the YAML.load() function.

Remediation

Upgrade faraday_middleware to version 0.12.0 or higher.

References

Arbitrary Code Injection vulnerability report

high severity

Arbitrary File Write via Archive Extraction (Zip Slip)

  • Vulnerable module: rubyzip
  • Introduced through: scan@0.13.0, fastlane@1.104.0 and others

Detailed paths

  • Introduced through: rajatvig/pact-demo-client@rajatvig/pact-demo-client#5e26b4b1e6f3ebe626f5d159555de9f02f2b90b7 › scan@0.13.0 › fastlane_core@0.52.0 › rubyzip@1.1.7
  • Introduced through: rajatvig/pact-demo-client@rajatvig/pact-demo-client#5e26b4b1e6f3ebe626f5d159555de9f02f2b90b7 › fastlane@1.104.0 › fastlane_core@0.52.0 › rubyzip@1.1.7
  • Introduced through: rajatvig/pact-demo-client@rajatvig/pact-demo-client#5e26b4b1e6f3ebe626f5d159555de9f02f2b90b7 › xcov@0.11.3 › fastlane_core@0.52.0 › rubyzip@1.1.7
  • Introduced through: rajatvig/pact-demo-client@rajatvig/pact-demo-client#5e26b4b1e6f3ebe626f5d159555de9f02f2b90b7 › fastlane@1.104.0 › gym@1.10.0 › rubyzip@1.1.7
    Remediation: Upgrade to fastlane@1.104.0.
  • Introduced through: rajatvig/pact-demo-client@rajatvig/pact-demo-client#5e26b4b1e6f3ebe626f5d159555de9f02f2b90b7 › fastlane@1.104.0 › krausefx-shenzhen@0.14.10 › rubyzip@1.1.7
    Remediation: Upgrade to fastlane@1.104.0.
  • Introduced through: rajatvig/pact-demo-client@rajatvig/pact-demo-client#5e26b4b1e6f3ebe626f5d159555de9f02f2b90b7 › fastlane@1.104.0 › cert@1.4.2 › fastlane_core@0.52.0 › rubyzip@1.1.7
  • Introduced through: rajatvig/pact-demo-client@rajatvig/pact-demo-client#5e26b4b1e6f3ebe626f5d159555de9f02f2b90b7 › fastlane@1.104.0 › deliver@1.14.0 › fastlane_core@0.52.0 › rubyzip@1.1.7
  • Introduced through: rajatvig/pact-demo-client@rajatvig/pact-demo-client#5e26b4b1e6f3ebe626f5d159555de9f02f2b90b7 › fastlane@1.104.0 › frameit@2.7.0 › fastlane_core@0.52.0 › rubyzip@1.1.7
  • Introduced through: rajatvig/pact-demo-client@rajatvig/pact-demo-client#5e26b4b1e6f3ebe626f5d159555de9f02f2b90b7 › fastlane@1.104.0 › gym@1.10.0 › fastlane_core@0.52.0 › rubyzip@1.1.7
  • Introduced through: rajatvig/pact-demo-client@rajatvig/pact-demo-client#5e26b4b1e6f3ebe626f5d159555de9f02f2b90b7 › fastlane@1.104.0 › sigh@1.11.1 › fastlane_core@0.52.0 › rubyzip@1.1.7
  • Introduced through: rajatvig/pact-demo-client@rajatvig/pact-demo-client#5e26b4b1e6f3ebe626f5d159555de9f02f2b90b7 › fastlane@1.104.0 › match@0.8.0 › fastlane_core@0.52.0 › rubyzip@1.1.7
  • Introduced through: rajatvig/pact-demo-client@rajatvig/pact-demo-client#5e26b4b1e6f3ebe626f5d159555de9f02f2b90b7 › fastlane@1.104.0 › pem@1.3.2 › fastlane_core@0.52.0 › rubyzip@1.1.7
  • Introduced through: rajatvig/pact-demo-client@rajatvig/pact-demo-client#5e26b4b1e6f3ebe626f5d159555de9f02f2b90b7 › fastlane@1.104.0 › pilot@1.10.0 › fastlane_core@0.52.0 › rubyzip@1.1.7
  • Introduced through: rajatvig/pact-demo-client@rajatvig/pact-demo-client#5e26b4b1e6f3ebe626f5d159555de9f02f2b90b7 › fastlane@1.104.0 › produce@1.2.0 › fastlane_core@0.52.0 › rubyzip@1.1.7
  • Introduced through: rajatvig/pact-demo-client@rajatvig/pact-demo-client#5e26b4b1e6f3ebe626f5d159555de9f02f2b90b7 › fastlane@1.104.0 › scan@0.13.0 › fastlane_core@0.52.0 › rubyzip@1.1.7
  • Introduced through: rajatvig/pact-demo-client@rajatvig/pact-demo-client#5e26b4b1e6f3ebe626f5d159555de9f02f2b90b7 › fastlane@1.104.0 › screengrab@0.5.3 › fastlane_core@0.52.0 › rubyzip@1.1.7
  • Introduced through: rajatvig/pact-demo-client@rajatvig/pact-demo-client#5e26b4b1e6f3ebe626f5d159555de9f02f2b90b7 › fastlane@1.104.0 › snapshot@1.16.0 › fastlane_core@0.52.0 › rubyzip@1.1.7
  • Introduced through: rajatvig/pact-demo-client@rajatvig/pact-demo-client#5e26b4b1e6f3ebe626f5d159555de9f02f2b90b7 › fastlane@1.104.0 › supply@0.7.1 › fastlane_core@0.52.0 › rubyzip@1.1.7
  • Introduced through: rajatvig/pact-demo-client@rajatvig/pact-demo-client#5e26b4b1e6f3ebe626f5d159555de9f02f2b90b7 › fastlane@1.104.0 › match@0.8.0 › cert@1.4.2 › fastlane_core@0.52.0 › rubyzip@1.1.7
  • Introduced through: rajatvig/pact-demo-client@rajatvig/pact-demo-client#5e26b4b1e6f3ebe626f5d159555de9f02f2b90b7 › fastlane@1.104.0 › frameit@2.7.0 › deliver@1.14.0 › fastlane_core@0.52.0 › rubyzip@1.1.7
  • Introduced through: rajatvig/pact-demo-client@rajatvig/pact-demo-client#5e26b4b1e6f3ebe626f5d159555de9f02f2b90b7 › fastlane@1.104.0 › match@0.8.0 › sigh@1.11.1 › fastlane_core@0.52.0 › rubyzip@1.1.7

…and 18 more

Overview

rubyzip is a ruby module for reading and writing zip files.

Affected versions of the package are vulnerable to Arbitrary File Write via Archive Extraction (AKA "Zip Slip").

It is exploited using a specially crafted zip archive, that holds path traversal filenames. When exploited, a filename in a malicious archive is concatenated to the target extraction directory, which results in the final path ending up outside of the target folder. For instance, a zip may hold a file with a "../../file.exe" location and thus break out of the target folder. If an executable or a configuration file is overwritten with a file containing malicious code, the problem can turn into an arbitrary code execution issue quite easily.

The following is an example of a zip archive with one benign file and one malicious file. Extracting the malicous file will result in traversing out of the target folder, ending up in /root/.ssh/ overwriting the authorized_keys file:


+2018-04-15 22:04:29 ..... 19 19 good.txt

+2018-04-15 22:04:42 ..... 20 20 ../../../../../../root/.ssh/authorized_keys

NOTE This vulnerability is due to a partial fix in CVE-2017-5946

Remediation

Upgrade rubyzip to version 1.2.2 or higher.

References

Arbitrary File Write via Archive Extraction (Zip Slip) vulnerability report

medium severity

Man-in-the-Middle (MitM)

  • Vulnerable module: excon
  • Introduced through: scan@0.13.0, fastlane@1.104.0 and others

Detailed paths

  • Introduced through: rajatvig/pact-demo-client@rajatvig/pact-demo-client#5e26b4b1e6f3ebe626f5d159555de9f02f2b90b7 › scan@0.13.0 › fastlane_core@0.52.0 › excon@0.45.4
    Remediation: Upgrade to scan@0.13.0.
  • Introduced through: rajatvig/pact-demo-client@rajatvig/pact-demo-client#5e26b4b1e6f3ebe626f5d159555de9f02f2b90b7 › fastlane@1.104.0 › fastlane_core@0.52.0 › excon@0.45.4
    Remediation: Upgrade to fastlane@1.104.0.
  • Introduced through: rajatvig/pact-demo-client@rajatvig/pact-demo-client#5e26b4b1e6f3ebe626f5d159555de9f02f2b90b7 › xcov@0.11.3 › fastlane_core@0.52.0 › excon@0.45.4
    Remediation: Upgrade to xcov@0.11.3.
  • Introduced through: rajatvig/pact-demo-client@rajatvig/pact-demo-client#5e26b4b1e6f3ebe626f5d159555de9f02f2b90b7 › fastlane@1.104.0 › cert@1.4.2 › fastlane_core@0.52.0 › excon@0.45.4
    Remediation: Upgrade to fastlane@1.104.0.
  • Introduced through: rajatvig/pact-demo-client@rajatvig/pact-demo-client#5e26b4b1e6f3ebe626f5d159555de9f02f2b90b7 › fastlane@1.104.0 › deliver@1.14.0 › fastlane_core@0.52.0 › excon@0.45.4
    Remediation: Upgrade to fastlane@1.104.0.
  • Introduced through: rajatvig/pact-demo-client@rajatvig/pact-demo-client#5e26b4b1e6f3ebe626f5d159555de9f02f2b90b7 › fastlane@1.104.0 › frameit@2.7.0 › fastlane_core@0.52.0 › excon@0.45.4
    Remediation: Upgrade to fastlane@1.104.0.
  • Introduced through: rajatvig/pact-demo-client@rajatvig/pact-demo-client#5e26b4b1e6f3ebe626f5d159555de9f02f2b90b7 › fastlane@1.104.0 › gym@1.10.0 › fastlane_core@0.52.0 › excon@0.45.4
    Remediation: Upgrade to fastlane@1.104.0.
  • Introduced through: rajatvig/pact-demo-client@rajatvig/pact-demo-client#5e26b4b1e6f3ebe626f5d159555de9f02f2b90b7 › fastlane@1.104.0 › sigh@1.11.1 › fastlane_core@0.52.0 › excon@0.45.4
    Remediation: Upgrade to fastlane@1.104.0.
  • Introduced through: rajatvig/pact-demo-client@rajatvig/pact-demo-client#5e26b4b1e6f3ebe626f5d159555de9f02f2b90b7 › fastlane@1.104.0 › match@0.8.0 › fastlane_core@0.52.0 › excon@0.45.4
    Remediation: Upgrade to fastlane@1.104.0.
  • Introduced through: rajatvig/pact-demo-client@rajatvig/pact-demo-client#5e26b4b1e6f3ebe626f5d159555de9f02f2b90b7 › fastlane@1.104.0 › pem@1.3.2 › fastlane_core@0.52.0 › excon@0.45.4
    Remediation: Upgrade to fastlane@1.104.0.
  • Introduced through: rajatvig/pact-demo-client@rajatvig/pact-demo-client#5e26b4b1e6f3ebe626f5d159555de9f02f2b90b7 › fastlane@1.104.0 › pilot@1.10.0 › fastlane_core@0.52.0 › excon@0.45.4
    Remediation: Upgrade to fastlane@1.104.0.
  • Introduced through: rajatvig/pact-demo-client@rajatvig/pact-demo-client#5e26b4b1e6f3ebe626f5d159555de9f02f2b90b7 › fastlane@1.104.0 › produce@1.2.0 › fastlane_core@0.52.0 › excon@0.45.4
    Remediation: Upgrade to fastlane@1.104.0.
  • Introduced through: rajatvig/pact-demo-client@rajatvig/pact-demo-client#5e26b4b1e6f3ebe626f5d159555de9f02f2b90b7 › fastlane@1.104.0 › scan@0.13.0 › fastlane_core@0.52.0 › excon@0.45.4
    Remediation: Upgrade to fastlane@1.104.0.
  • Introduced through: rajatvig/pact-demo-client@rajatvig/pact-demo-client#5e26b4b1e6f3ebe626f5d159555de9f02f2b90b7 › fastlane@1.104.0 › screengrab@0.5.3 › fastlane_core@0.52.0 › excon@0.45.4
    Remediation: Upgrade to fastlane@1.104.0.
  • Introduced through: rajatvig/pact-demo-client@rajatvig/pact-demo-client#5e26b4b1e6f3ebe626f5d159555de9f02f2b90b7 › fastlane@1.104.0 › snapshot@1.16.0 › fastlane_core@0.52.0 › excon@0.45.4
    Remediation: Upgrade to fastlane@1.104.0.
  • Introduced through: rajatvig/pact-demo-client@rajatvig/pact-demo-client#5e26b4b1e6f3ebe626f5d159555de9f02f2b90b7 › fastlane@1.104.0 › supply@0.7.1 › fastlane_core@0.52.0 › excon@0.45.4
    Remediation: Upgrade to fastlane@1.104.0.
  • Introduced through: rajatvig/pact-demo-client@rajatvig/pact-demo-client#5e26b4b1e6f3ebe626f5d159555de9f02f2b90b7 › fastlane@1.104.0 › match@0.8.0 › cert@1.4.2 › fastlane_core@0.52.0 › excon@0.45.4
    Remediation: Upgrade to fastlane@1.104.0.
  • Introduced through: rajatvig/pact-demo-client@rajatvig/pact-demo-client#5e26b4b1e6f3ebe626f5d159555de9f02f2b90b7 › fastlane@1.104.0 › frameit@2.7.0 › deliver@1.14.0 › fastlane_core@0.52.0 › excon@0.45.4
    Remediation: Upgrade to fastlane@1.104.0.
  • Introduced through: rajatvig/pact-demo-client@rajatvig/pact-demo-client#5e26b4b1e6f3ebe626f5d159555de9f02f2b90b7 › fastlane@1.104.0 › match@0.8.0 › sigh@1.11.1 › fastlane_core@0.52.0 › excon@0.45.4
    Remediation: Upgrade to fastlane@1.104.0.

…and 16 more

Overview

excon is Extended http(s) CONnections.

Affected versions of the package are vulnerable to Man-in-the-middle (MitM) attacks due to attacks due to downloading gems over an insecure protocol. Without a secure connection, it is possible for an attacker to intercept this connection and alter the packages received. In serious cases, this may even lead to Remote Code Execution (RCE) on your host server.

You can read more about Man-in-the-Middle (MitM) on our blog.

Remediation

Upgrade excon to version 0.55.0 or higher.

References

Man-in-the-Middle (MitM) vulnerability report

medium severity

Arbitrary File Write via Archive Extraction (Zip Slip)

  • Vulnerable module: rubyzip
  • Introduced through: scan@0.13.0, fastlane@1.104.0 and others

Detailed paths

  • Introduced through: rajatvig/pact-demo-client@rajatvig/pact-demo-client#5e26b4b1e6f3ebe626f5d159555de9f02f2b90b7 › scan@0.13.0 › fastlane_core@0.52.0 › rubyzip@1.1.7
  • Introduced through: rajatvig/pact-demo-client@rajatvig/pact-demo-client#5e26b4b1e6f3ebe626f5d159555de9f02f2b90b7 › fastlane@1.104.0 › fastlane_core@0.52.0 › rubyzip@1.1.7
  • Introduced through: rajatvig/pact-demo-client@rajatvig/pact-demo-client#5e26b4b1e6f3ebe626f5d159555de9f02f2b90b7 › xcov@0.11.3 › fastlane_core@0.52.0 › rubyzip@1.1.7
  • Introduced through: rajatvig/pact-demo-client@rajatvig/pact-demo-client#5e26b4b1e6f3ebe626f5d159555de9f02f2b90b7 › fastlane@1.104.0 › gym@1.10.0 › rubyzip@1.1.7
    Remediation: Upgrade to fastlane@1.104.0.
  • Introduced through: rajatvig/pact-demo-client@rajatvig/pact-demo-client#5e26b4b1e6f3ebe626f5d159555de9f02f2b90b7 › fastlane@1.104.0 › krausefx-shenzhen@0.14.10 › rubyzip@1.1.7
    Remediation: Upgrade to fastlane@1.104.0.
  • Introduced through: rajatvig/pact-demo-client@rajatvig/pact-demo-client#5e26b4b1e6f3ebe626f5d159555de9f02f2b90b7 › fastlane@1.104.0 › cert@1.4.2 › fastlane_core@0.52.0 › rubyzip@1.1.7
  • Introduced through: rajatvig/pact-demo-client@rajatvig/pact-demo-client#5e26b4b1e6f3ebe626f5d159555de9f02f2b90b7 › fastlane@1.104.0 › deliver@1.14.0 › fastlane_core@0.52.0 › rubyzip@1.1.7
  • Introduced through: rajatvig/pact-demo-client@rajatvig/pact-demo-client#5e26b4b1e6f3ebe626f5d159555de9f02f2b90b7 › fastlane@1.104.0 › frameit@2.7.0 › fastlane_core@0.52.0 › rubyzip@1.1.7
  • Introduced through: rajatvig/pact-demo-client@rajatvig/pact-demo-client#5e26b4b1e6f3ebe626f5d159555de9f02f2b90b7 › fastlane@1.104.0 › gym@1.10.0 › fastlane_core@0.52.0 › rubyzip@1.1.7
  • Introduced through: rajatvig/pact-demo-client@rajatvig/pact-demo-client#5e26b4b1e6f3ebe626f5d159555de9f02f2b90b7 › fastlane@1.104.0 › sigh@1.11.1 › fastlane_core@0.52.0 › rubyzip@1.1.7
  • Introduced through: rajatvig/pact-demo-client@rajatvig/pact-demo-client#5e26b4b1e6f3ebe626f5d159555de9f02f2b90b7 › fastlane@1.104.0 › match@0.8.0 › fastlane_core@0.52.0 › rubyzip@1.1.7
  • Introduced through: rajatvig/pact-demo-client@rajatvig/pact-demo-client#5e26b4b1e6f3ebe626f5d159555de9f02f2b90b7 › fastlane@1.104.0 › pem@1.3.2 › fastlane_core@0.52.0 › rubyzip@1.1.7
  • Introduced through: rajatvig/pact-demo-client@rajatvig/pact-demo-client#5e26b4b1e6f3ebe626f5d159555de9f02f2b90b7 › fastlane@1.104.0 › pilot@1.10.0 › fastlane_core@0.52.0 › rubyzip@1.1.7
  • Introduced through: rajatvig/pact-demo-client@rajatvig/pact-demo-client#5e26b4b1e6f3ebe626f5d159555de9f02f2b90b7 › fastlane@1.104.0 › produce@1.2.0 › fastlane_core@0.52.0 › rubyzip@1.1.7
  • Introduced through: rajatvig/pact-demo-client@rajatvig/pact-demo-client#5e26b4b1e6f3ebe626f5d159555de9f02f2b90b7 › fastlane@1.104.0 › scan@0.13.0 › fastlane_core@0.52.0 › rubyzip@1.1.7
  • Introduced through: rajatvig/pact-demo-client@rajatvig/pact-demo-client#5e26b4b1e6f3ebe626f5d159555de9f02f2b90b7 › fastlane@1.104.0 › screengrab@0.5.3 › fastlane_core@0.52.0 › rubyzip@1.1.7
  • Introduced through: rajatvig/pact-demo-client@rajatvig/pact-demo-client#5e26b4b1e6f3ebe626f5d159555de9f02f2b90b7 › fastlane@1.104.0 › snapshot@1.16.0 › fastlane_core@0.52.0 › rubyzip@1.1.7
  • Introduced through: rajatvig/pact-demo-client@rajatvig/pact-demo-client#5e26b4b1e6f3ebe626f5d159555de9f02f2b90b7 › fastlane@1.104.0 › supply@0.7.1 › fastlane_core@0.52.0 › rubyzip@1.1.7
  • Introduced through: rajatvig/pact-demo-client@rajatvig/pact-demo-client#5e26b4b1e6f3ebe626f5d159555de9f02f2b90b7 › fastlane@1.104.0 › match@0.8.0 › cert@1.4.2 › fastlane_core@0.52.0 › rubyzip@1.1.7
  • Introduced through: rajatvig/pact-demo-client@rajatvig/pact-demo-client#5e26b4b1e6f3ebe626f5d159555de9f02f2b90b7 › fastlane@1.104.0 › frameit@2.7.0 › deliver@1.14.0 › fastlane_core@0.52.0 › rubyzip@1.1.7
  • Introduced through: rajatvig/pact-demo-client@rajatvig/pact-demo-client#5e26b4b1e6f3ebe626f5d159555de9f02f2b90b7 › fastlane@1.104.0 › match@0.8.0 › sigh@1.11.1 › fastlane_core@0.52.0 › rubyzip@1.1.7

…and 18 more

Overview

rubyzip is rubyzip is a ruby module for reading and writing zip files.

Affected versions of the package are vulnerable to Arbitrary File Write via Archive Extraction (AKA "Zip Slip").

It is exploited using a specially crafted zip archive, that holds path traversal filenames. When exploited, a filename in a malicious archive is concatenated to the target extraction directory, which results in the final path ending up outside of the target folder. For instance, a zip may hold a file with a "../../file.exe" location and thus break out of the target folder. If an executable or a configuration file is overwritten with a file containing malicious code, the problem can turn into an arbitrary code execution issue quite easily.

The following is an example of a zip archive with one benign file and one malicious file. Extracting the malicous file will result in traversing out of the target folder, ending up in /root/.ssh/ overwriting the authorized_keys file:


+2018-04-15 22:04:29 ..... 19 19 good.txt

+2018-04-15 22:04:42 ..... 20 20 ../../../../../../root/.ssh/authorized_keys

Remediation

Upgrade rubyzip to version 1.2.1 or higher.

References

Arbitrary File Write via Archive Extraction (Zip Slip) vulnerability report

medium severity

Cross-site Scripting (XSS)

  • Vulnerable module: activesupport
  • Introduced through: fastlane@1.104.0

Detailed paths

  • Introduced through: rajatvig/pact-demo-client@rajatvig/pact-demo-client#5e26b4b1e6f3ebe626f5d159555de9f02f2b90b7 › fastlane@1.104.0 › activesupport@4.2.7.1
    Remediation: Upgrade to fastlane@2.27.0.
  • Introduced through: rajatvig/pact-demo-client@rajatvig/pact-demo-client#5e26b4b1e6f3ebe626f5d159555de9f02f2b90b7 › fastlane@1.104.0 › xcodeproj@1.3.1 › activesupport@4.2.7.1
    Remediation: Upgrade to fastlane@1.104.0.

Overview

activesupport is a toolkit of support libraries and Ruby core extensions extracted from the Rails framework.

Affected versions of this package are vulnerable to Cross-site Scripting (XSS) when using the SafeBuffer#bytesplice() function, the output of which is not treated as mutated and therefore improperly tagged as html_safe although it may contain executable scripts.

Workaround

Avoid calling bytesplice on a SafeBuffer (html_safe) string with untrusted user input.

Details

A cross-site scripting attack occurs when the attacker tricks a legitimate web-based application or site to accept a request as originating from a trusted source.

This is done by escaping the context of the web application; the web application then delivers that data to its users along with other trusted dynamic content, without validating it. The browser unknowingly executes malicious script on the client side (through client-side languages; usually JavaScript or HTML) in order to perform actions that are otherwise typically blocked by the browser’s Same Origin Policy.

Injecting malicious code is the most prevalent manner by which XSS is exploited; for this reason, escaping characters in order to prevent this manipulation is the top method for securing code against this vulnerability.

Escaping means that the application is coded to mark key characters, and particularly key characters included in user input, to prevent those characters from being interpreted in a dangerous context. For example, in HTML, < can be coded as &lt; and > can be coded as &gt; in order to be interpreted and displayed as themselves in text, while within the code itself, they are used for HTML tags. If malicious content is injected into an application that escapes special characters and that malicious content uses < and > as HTML tags, those characters are nonetheless not interpreted as HTML tags by the browser if they’ve been correctly escaped in the application code and in this way the attempted attack is diverted.

The most prominent use of XSS is to steal cookies (source: OWASP HttpOnly) and hijack user sessions, but XSS exploits have been used to expose sensitive information, enable access to privileged services and functionality and deliver malware.

Types of attacks

There are a few methods by which XSS can be manipulated:

Type Origin Description
Stored Server The malicious code is inserted in the application (usually as a link) by the attacker. The code is activated every time a user clicks the link.
Reflected Server The attacker delivers a malicious link externally from the vulnerable web site application to a user. When clicked, malicious code is sent to the vulnerable web site, which reflects the attack back to the user’s browser.
DOM-based Client The attacker forces the user’s browser to render a malicious page. The data in the page itself delivers the cross-site scripting data.
Mutated The attacker injects code that appears safe, but is then rewritten and modified by the browser, while parsing the markup. An example is rebalancing unclosed quotation marks or even adding quotation marks to unquoted parameters.

Affected environments

The following environments are susceptible to an XSS attack:

  • Web servers
  • Application servers
  • Web application environments

How to prevent

This section describes the top best practices designed to specifically protect your code:

  • Sanitize data input in an HTTP request before reflecting it back, ensuring all data is validated, filtered or escaped before echoing anything back to the user, such as the values of query parameters during searches.
  • Convert special characters such as ?, &, /, <, > and spaces to their respective HTML or URL encoded equivalents.
  • Give users the option to disable client-side scripts.
  • Redirect invalid requests.
  • Detect simultaneous logins, including those from two separate IP addresses, and invalidate those sessions.
  • Use and enforce a Content Security Policy (source: Wikipedia) to disable any features that might be manipulated for an XSS attack.
  • Read the documentation for any of the libraries referenced in your code to understand which elements allow for embedded HTML.

Remediation

Upgrade activesupport to version 6.1.7.3, 7.0.4.3 or higher.

References

Cross-site Scripting (XSS) vulnerability report

medium severity

Race Condition

  • Vulnerable module: excon
  • Introduced through: scan@0.13.0, fastlane@1.104.0 and others

Detailed paths

  • Introduced through: rajatvig/pact-demo-client@rajatvig/pact-demo-client#5e26b4b1e6f3ebe626f5d159555de9f02f2b90b7 › scan@0.13.0 › fastlane_core@0.52.0 › excon@0.45.4
    Remediation: Upgrade to scan@0.13.0.
  • Introduced through: rajatvig/pact-demo-client@rajatvig/pact-demo-client#5e26b4b1e6f3ebe626f5d159555de9f02f2b90b7 › fastlane@1.104.0 › fastlane_core@0.52.0 › excon@0.45.4
    Remediation: Upgrade to fastlane@1.104.0.
  • Introduced through: rajatvig/pact-demo-client@rajatvig/pact-demo-client#5e26b4b1e6f3ebe626f5d159555de9f02f2b90b7 › xcov@0.11.3 › fastlane_core@0.52.0 › excon@0.45.4
    Remediation: Upgrade to xcov@0.11.3.
  • Introduced through: rajatvig/pact-demo-client@rajatvig/pact-demo-client#5e26b4b1e6f3ebe626f5d159555de9f02f2b90b7 › fastlane@1.104.0 › cert@1.4.2 › fastlane_core@0.52.0 › excon@0.45.4
    Remediation: Upgrade to fastlane@1.104.0.
  • Introduced through: rajatvig/pact-demo-client@rajatvig/pact-demo-client#5e26b4b1e6f3ebe626f5d159555de9f02f2b90b7 › fastlane@1.104.0 › deliver@1.14.0 › fastlane_core@0.52.0 › excon@0.45.4
    Remediation: Upgrade to fastlane@1.104.0.
  • Introduced through: rajatvig/pact-demo-client@rajatvig/pact-demo-client#5e26b4b1e6f3ebe626f5d159555de9f02f2b90b7 › fastlane@1.104.0 › frameit@2.7.0 › fastlane_core@0.52.0 › excon@0.45.4
    Remediation: Upgrade to fastlane@1.104.0.
  • Introduced through: rajatvig/pact-demo-client@rajatvig/pact-demo-client#5e26b4b1e6f3ebe626f5d159555de9f02f2b90b7 › fastlane@1.104.0 › gym@1.10.0 › fastlane_core@0.52.0 › excon@0.45.4
    Remediation: Upgrade to fastlane@1.104.0.
  • Introduced through: rajatvig/pact-demo-client@rajatvig/pact-demo-client#5e26b4b1e6f3ebe626f5d159555de9f02f2b90b7 › fastlane@1.104.0 › sigh@1.11.1 › fastlane_core@0.52.0 › excon@0.45.4
    Remediation: Upgrade to fastlane@1.104.0.
  • Introduced through: rajatvig/pact-demo-client@rajatvig/pact-demo-client#5e26b4b1e6f3ebe626f5d159555de9f02f2b90b7 › fastlane@1.104.0 › match@0.8.0 › fastlane_core@0.52.0 › excon@0.45.4
    Remediation: Upgrade to fastlane@1.104.0.
  • Introduced through: rajatvig/pact-demo-client@rajatvig/pact-demo-client#5e26b4b1e6f3ebe626f5d159555de9f02f2b90b7 › fastlane@1.104.0 › pem@1.3.2 › fastlane_core@0.52.0 › excon@0.45.4
    Remediation: Upgrade to fastlane@1.104.0.
  • Introduced through: rajatvig/pact-demo-client@rajatvig/pact-demo-client#5e26b4b1e6f3ebe626f5d159555de9f02f2b90b7 › fastlane@1.104.0 › pilot@1.10.0 › fastlane_core@0.52.0 › excon@0.45.4
    Remediation: Upgrade to fastlane@1.104.0.
  • Introduced through: rajatvig/pact-demo-client@rajatvig/pact-demo-client#5e26b4b1e6f3ebe626f5d159555de9f02f2b90b7 › fastlane@1.104.0 › produce@1.2.0 › fastlane_core@0.52.0 › excon@0.45.4
    Remediation: Upgrade to fastlane@1.104.0.
  • Introduced through: rajatvig/pact-demo-client@rajatvig/pact-demo-client#5e26b4b1e6f3ebe626f5d159555de9f02f2b90b7 › fastlane@1.104.0 › scan@0.13.0 › fastlane_core@0.52.0 › excon@0.45.4
    Remediation: Upgrade to fastlane@1.104.0.
  • Introduced through: rajatvig/pact-demo-client@rajatvig/pact-demo-client#5e26b4b1e6f3ebe626f5d159555de9f02f2b90b7 › fastlane@1.104.0 › screengrab@0.5.3 › fastlane_core@0.52.0 › excon@0.45.4
    Remediation: Upgrade to fastlane@1.104.0.
  • Introduced through: rajatvig/pact-demo-client@rajatvig/pact-demo-client#5e26b4b1e6f3ebe626f5d159555de9f02f2b90b7 › fastlane@1.104.0 › snapshot@1.16.0 › fastlane_core@0.52.0 › excon@0.45.4
    Remediation: Upgrade to fastlane@1.104.0.
  • Introduced through: rajatvig/pact-demo-client@rajatvig/pact-demo-client#5e26b4b1e6f3ebe626f5d159555de9f02f2b90b7 › fastlane@1.104.0 › supply@0.7.1 › fastlane_core@0.52.0 › excon@0.45.4
    Remediation: Upgrade to fastlane@1.104.0.
  • Introduced through: rajatvig/pact-demo-client@rajatvig/pact-demo-client#5e26b4b1e6f3ebe626f5d159555de9f02f2b90b7 › fastlane@1.104.0 › match@0.8.0 › cert@1.4.2 › fastlane_core@0.52.0 › excon@0.45.4
    Remediation: Upgrade to fastlane@1.104.0.
  • Introduced through: rajatvig/pact-demo-client@rajatvig/pact-demo-client#5e26b4b1e6f3ebe626f5d159555de9f02f2b90b7 › fastlane@1.104.0 › frameit@2.7.0 › deliver@1.14.0 › fastlane_core@0.52.0 › excon@0.45.4
    Remediation: Upgrade to fastlane@1.104.0.
  • Introduced through: rajatvig/pact-demo-client@rajatvig/pact-demo-client#5e26b4b1e6f3ebe626f5d159555de9f02f2b90b7 › fastlane@1.104.0 › match@0.8.0 › sigh@1.11.1 › fastlane_core@0.52.0 › excon@0.45.4
    Remediation: Upgrade to fastlane@1.104.0.

…and 16 more

Overview

excon is an is Extended http(s) connections.

Affected versions of this package are vulnerable to Race Condition. A persistent connection which is interrupted (such as by a timeout) would leave data on the socket.

Remediation

Upgrade excon to version 0.71.0 or higher.

References

Race Condition vulnerability report

medium severity

Regular Expression Denial of Service (ReDoS)

  • Vulnerable module: activesupport
  • Introduced through: fastlane@1.104.0

Detailed paths

  • Introduced through: rajatvig/pact-demo-client@rajatvig/pact-demo-client#5e26b4b1e6f3ebe626f5d159555de9f02f2b90b7 › fastlane@1.104.0 › activesupport@4.2.7.1
    Remediation: Upgrade to fastlane@2.27.0.
  • Introduced through: rajatvig/pact-demo-client@rajatvig/pact-demo-client#5e26b4b1e6f3ebe626f5d159555de9f02f2b90b7 › fastlane@1.104.0 › xcodeproj@1.3.1 › activesupport@4.2.7.1
    Remediation: Upgrade to fastlane@1.104.0.

Overview

activesupport is a toolkit of support libraries and Ruby core extensions extracted from the Rails framework.

Affected versions of this package are vulnerable to Regular Expression Denial of Service (ReDoS) in the underscore() function in inflector/methods.rb. This affects String#underscore, ActiveSupport::Inflector.underscore, String#titleize, and any other methods using these.

NOTE: The impact of this vulnerability may be mitigated by configuring Regexp.timeout. Additionally, patches have been released to address this issue: 6-1-Avoid-regex-backtracking-in-Inflector.underscore.patch, 7-0-Avoid-regex-backtracking-in-Inflector.underscore.patch

Details

Denial of Service (DoS) describes a family of attacks, all aimed at making a system inaccessible to its original and legitimate users. There are many types of DoS attacks, ranging from trying to clog the network pipes to the system by generating a large volume of traffic from many machines (a Distributed Denial of Service - DDoS - attack) to sending crafted requests that cause a system to crash or take a disproportional amount of time to process.

The Regular expression Denial of Service (ReDoS) is a type of Denial of Service attack. Regular expressions are incredibly powerful, but they aren't very intuitive and can ultimately end up making it easy for attackers to take your site down.

Let’s take the following regular expression as an example:

regex = /A(B|C+)+D/

This regular expression accomplishes the following:

  • A The string must start with the letter 'A'
  • (B|C+)+ The string must then follow the letter A with either the letter 'B' or some number of occurrences of the letter 'C' (the + matches one or more times). The + at the end of this section states that we can look for one or more matches of this section.
  • D Finally, we ensure this section of the string ends with a 'D'

The expression would match inputs such as ABBD, ABCCCCD, ABCBCCCD and ACCCCCD

It most cases, it doesn't take very long for a regex engine to find a match:

$ time node -e '/A(B|C+)+D/.test("ACCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCD")'
0.04s user 0.01s system 95% cpu 0.052 total

$ time node -e '/A(B|C+)+D/.test("ACCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCX")'
1.79s user 0.02s system 99% cpu 1.812 total

The entire process of testing it against a 30 characters long string takes around ~52ms. But when given an invalid string, it takes nearly two seconds to complete the test, over ten times as long as it took to test a valid string. The dramatic difference is due to the way regular expressions get evaluated.

Most Regex engines will work very similarly (with minor differences). The engine will match the first possible way to accept the current character and proceed to the next one. If it then fails to match the next one, it will backtrack and see if there was another way to digest the previous character. If it goes too far down the rabbit hole only to find out the string doesn’t match in the end, and if many characters have multiple valid regex paths, the number of backtracking steps can become very large, resulting in what is known as catastrophic backtracking.

Let's look at how our expression runs into this problem, using a shorter string: "ACCCX". While it seems fairly straightforward, there are still four different ways that the engine could match those three C's:

  1. CCC
  2. CC+C
  3. C+CC
  4. C+C+C.

The engine has to try each of those combinations to see if any of them potentially match against the expression. When you combine that with the other steps the engine must take, we can use RegEx 101 debugger to see the engine has to take a total of 38 steps before it can determine the string doesn't match.

From there, the number of steps the engine must use to validate a string just continues to grow.

String Number of C's Number of steps
ACCCX 3 38
ACCCCX 4 71
ACCCCCX 5 136
ACCCCCCCCCCCCCCX 14 65,553

By the time the string includes 14 C's, the engine has to take over 65,000 steps just to see if the string is valid. These extreme situations can cause them to work very slowly (exponentially related to input size, as shown above), allowing an attacker to exploit this and can cause the service to excessively consume CPU, resulting in a Denial of Service.

Remediation

Upgrade activesupport to version 6.1.7.1, 7.0.4.1 or higher.

References

Regular Expression Denial of Service (ReDoS) vulnerability report