nachtfeuer/pipeline
Find, fix and prevent vulnerabilities in your code.
critical severity
- Vulnerable module: pillow
- Introduced through: pillow@9.5.0 and sphinxcontrib-blockdiag@1.5.5
Detailed paths
-
Introduced through: nachtfeuer/pipeline@nachtfeuer/pipeline#ee15d98f4d8f343d57dd5b84339ea41b4e2dc673 › pillow@9.5.0Remediation: Upgrade to pillow@10.0.1.
-
Introduced through: nachtfeuer/pipeline@nachtfeuer/pipeline#ee15d98f4d8f343d57dd5b84339ea41b4e2dc673 › sphinxcontrib-blockdiag@1.5.5 › blockdiag@3.0.0 › pillow@9.5.0Remediation: Upgrade to sphinxcontrib-blockdiag@1.5.5.
Overview
Pillow is a PIL (Python Imaging Library) fork.
Affected versions of this package are vulnerable to Heap-based Buffer Overflow when the ReadHuffmanCodes()
function is used. An attacker can craft a special WebP
lossless file that triggers the ReadHuffmanCodes()
function to allocate the HuffmanCode buffer with a size that comes from an array of precomputed sizes: kTableSize
. The color_cache_bits
value defines which size to use. The kTableSize
array only takes into account sizes for 8-bit first-level table lookups but not second-level table lookups. libwebp allows codes that are up to 15-bit (MAX_ALLOWED_CODE_LENGTH
). When BuildHuffmanTable() attempts to fill the second-level tables it may write data out-of-bounds. The OOB write to the undersized array happens in ReplicateValue.
Notes:
This is only exploitable if the color_cache_bits
value defines which size to use.
This vulnerability was also published on libwebp CVE-2023-5129
Changelog:
2023-09-12: Initial advisory publication
2023-09-27: Advisory details updated, including CVSS, references
2023-09-27: CVE-2023-5129 rejected as a duplicate of CVE-2023-4863
2023-09-28: Research and addition of additional affected libraries
2024-01-28: Additional fix information
Remediation
Upgrade Pillow
to version 10.0.1 or higher.
References
high severity
- Vulnerable module: pillow
- Introduced through: pillow@9.5.0 and sphinxcontrib-blockdiag@1.5.5
Detailed paths
-
Introduced through: nachtfeuer/pipeline@nachtfeuer/pipeline#ee15d98f4d8f343d57dd5b84339ea41b4e2dc673 › pillow@9.5.0Remediation: Upgrade to pillow@10.2.0.
-
Introduced through: nachtfeuer/pipeline@nachtfeuer/pipeline#ee15d98f4d8f343d57dd5b84339ea41b4e2dc673 › sphinxcontrib-blockdiag@1.5.5 › blockdiag@3.0.0 › pillow@9.5.0Remediation: Upgrade to sphinxcontrib-blockdiag@1.5.5.
Overview
Affected versions of this package are vulnerable to Eval Injection via the PIL.ImageMath.eval
function when an attacker has control over the keys passed to the environment
argument.
PoC
from PIL import Image, ImageMath
image1 = Image.open('__class__')
image2 = Image.open('__bases__')
image3 = Image.open('__subclasses__')
image4 = Image.open('load_module')
image5 = Image.open('system')
expression = "().__class__.__bases__[0].__subclasses__()[104].load_module('os').system('whoami')"
environment = {
image1.filename: image1,
image2.filename: image2,
image3.filename: image3,
image4.filename: image4,
image5.filename: image5
}
ImageMath.eval(expression, **environment)
Remediation
Upgrade pillow
to version 10.2.0 or higher.
References
high severity
- Vulnerable module: pillow
- Introduced through: pillow@9.5.0 and sphinxcontrib-blockdiag@1.5.5
Detailed paths
-
Introduced through: nachtfeuer/pipeline@nachtfeuer/pipeline#ee15d98f4d8f343d57dd5b84339ea41b4e2dc673 › pillow@9.5.0Remediation: Upgrade to pillow@10.2.0.
-
Introduced through: nachtfeuer/pipeline@nachtfeuer/pipeline#ee15d98f4d8f343d57dd5b84339ea41b4e2dc673 › sphinxcontrib-blockdiag@1.5.5 › blockdiag@3.0.0 › pillow@9.5.0Remediation: Upgrade to sphinxcontrib-blockdiag@1.5.5.
Overview
Affected versions of this package are vulnerable to Denial of Service (DoS) when using arbitrary strings as text input and the number of characters passed into PIL.ImageFont.ImageFont.getmask()
is over a certain limit. This can lead to a system crash.
Details
Denial of Service (DoS) describes a family of attacks, all aimed at making a system inaccessible to its intended and legitimate users.
Unlike other vulnerabilities, DoS attacks usually do not aim at breaching security. Rather, they are focused on making websites and services unavailable to genuine users resulting in downtime.
One popular Denial of Service vulnerability is DDoS (a Distributed Denial of Service), an attack that attempts to clog network pipes to the system by generating a large volume of traffic from many machines.
When it comes to open source libraries, DoS vulnerabilities allow attackers to trigger such a crash or crippling of the service by using a flaw either in the application code or from the use of open source libraries.
Two common types of DoS vulnerabilities:
High CPU/Memory Consumption- An attacker sending crafted requests that could cause the system to take a disproportionate amount of time to process. For example, commons-fileupload:commons-fileupload.
Crash - An attacker sending crafted requests that could cause the system to crash. For Example, npm
ws
package
Remediation
Upgrade pillow
to version 10.2.0 or higher.
References
high severity
- Vulnerable module: pillow
- Introduced through: pillow@9.5.0 and sphinxcontrib-blockdiag@1.5.5
Detailed paths
-
Introduced through: nachtfeuer/pipeline@nachtfeuer/pipeline#ee15d98f4d8f343d57dd5b84339ea41b4e2dc673 › pillow@9.5.0Remediation: Upgrade to pillow@10.2.0.
-
Introduced through: nachtfeuer/pipeline@nachtfeuer/pipeline#ee15d98f4d8f343d57dd5b84339ea41b4e2dc673 › sphinxcontrib-blockdiag@1.5.5 › blockdiag@3.0.0 › pillow@9.5.0Remediation: Upgrade to sphinxcontrib-blockdiag@1.5.5.
Overview
Affected versions of this package are vulnerable to Denial of Service (DoS) if the size of individual glyphs extends beyond the bitmap image, when using PIL.ImageFont.ImageFont
function. Exploiting this vulnerability could lead to a system crash.
Details
Denial of Service (DoS) describes a family of attacks, all aimed at making a system inaccessible to its intended and legitimate users.
Unlike other vulnerabilities, DoS attacks usually do not aim at breaching security. Rather, they are focused on making websites and services unavailable to genuine users resulting in downtime.
One popular Denial of Service vulnerability is DDoS (a Distributed Denial of Service), an attack that attempts to clog network pipes to the system by generating a large volume of traffic from many machines.
When it comes to open source libraries, DoS vulnerabilities allow attackers to trigger such a crash or crippling of the service by using a flaw either in the application code or from the use of open source libraries.
Two common types of DoS vulnerabilities:
High CPU/Memory Consumption- An attacker sending crafted requests that could cause the system to take a disproportionate amount of time to process. For example, commons-fileupload:commons-fileupload.
Crash - An attacker sending crafted requests that could cause the system to crash. For Example, npm
ws
package
Remediation
Upgrade pillow
to version 10.2.0 or higher.
References
high severity
- Vulnerable module: pillow
- Introduced through: pillow@9.5.0 and sphinxcontrib-blockdiag@1.5.5
Detailed paths
-
Introduced through: nachtfeuer/pipeline@nachtfeuer/pipeline#ee15d98f4d8f343d57dd5b84339ea41b4e2dc673 › pillow@9.5.0Remediation: Upgrade to pillow@10.0.0.
-
Introduced through: nachtfeuer/pipeline@nachtfeuer/pipeline#ee15d98f4d8f343d57dd5b84339ea41b4e2dc673 › sphinxcontrib-blockdiag@1.5.5 › blockdiag@3.0.0 › pillow@9.5.0Remediation: Upgrade to sphinxcontrib-blockdiag@1.5.5.
Overview
Affected versions of this package are vulnerable to Uncontrolled Resource Consumption ('Resource Exhaustion') when the ImageFont
truetype in an ImageDraw
instance operates on a long text argument. An attacker can cause the service to crash by processing a task that uncontrollably allocates memory.
Remediation
Upgrade pillow
to version 10.0.0 or higher.
References
high severity
- Vulnerable module: setuptools
- Introduced through: sphinx@1.6.5, mock@2.0.0 and others
Detailed paths
-
Introduced through: nachtfeuer/pipeline@nachtfeuer/pipeline#ee15d98f4d8f343d57dd5b84339ea41b4e2dc673 › sphinx@1.6.5 › setuptools@40.5.0Remediation: Upgrade to sphinx@1.6.5.
-
Introduced through: nachtfeuer/pipeline@nachtfeuer/pipeline#ee15d98f4d8f343d57dd5b84339ea41b4e2dc673 › mock@2.0.0 › pbr@6.1.1 › setuptools@40.5.0
-
Introduced through: nachtfeuer/pipeline@nachtfeuer/pipeline#ee15d98f4d8f343d57dd5b84339ea41b4e2dc673 › sphinxcontrib-blockdiag@1.5.5 › sphinx@1.6.5 › setuptools@40.5.0Remediation: Upgrade to sphinxcontrib-blockdiag@1.5.5.
-
Introduced through: nachtfeuer/pipeline@nachtfeuer/pipeline#ee15d98f4d8f343d57dd5b84339ea41b4e2dc673 › sphinxcontrib-inheritance@0.9.0 › sphinx@1.6.5 › setuptools@40.5.0Remediation: Upgrade to sphinxcontrib-inheritance@0.9.0.
-
Introduced through: nachtfeuer/pipeline@nachtfeuer/pipeline#ee15d98f4d8f343d57dd5b84339ea41b4e2dc673 › sphinxcontrib-blockdiag@1.5.5 › blockdiag@3.0.0 › setuptools@40.5.0
-
Introduced through: nachtfeuer/pipeline@nachtfeuer/pipeline#ee15d98f4d8f343d57dd5b84339ea41b4e2dc673 › bandit@1.0.1 › stevedore@3.5.2 › pbr@6.1.1 › setuptools@40.5.0
…and 3 more
Overview
Affected versions of this package are vulnerable to Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection') through the package_index
module's download functions due to the unsafe usage of os.system
. An attacker can execute arbitrary commands on the system by providing malicious URLs or manipulating the URLs retrieved from package index servers.
Note
Because easy_install
and package_index
are deprecated, the exploitation surface is reduced, but it's conceivable through social engineering or minor compromise to a package index could grant remote access.
Remediation
Upgrade setuptools
to version 70.0.0 or higher.
References
high severity
- Vulnerable module: wheel
- Introduced through: wheel@0.29.0
Detailed paths
-
Introduced through: nachtfeuer/pipeline@nachtfeuer/pipeline#ee15d98f4d8f343d57dd5b84339ea41b4e2dc673 › wheel@0.29.0Remediation: Upgrade to wheel@0.38.0.
Overview
Affected versions of this package are vulnerable to Regular Expression Denial of Service (ReDoS) via attacker-controlled input to Wheel CLI, when parsing a maliciously crafted Wheel file.
Note:Version 0.38.0 has been yanked due to an unrelated non-security issue. Users are advised to upgrade to version 0.38.1.
Details
Denial of Service (DoS) describes a family of attacks, all aimed at making a system inaccessible to its original and legitimate users. There are many types of DoS attacks, ranging from trying to clog the network pipes to the system by generating a large volume of traffic from many machines (a Distributed Denial of Service - DDoS - attack) to sending crafted requests that cause a system to crash or take a disproportional amount of time to process.
The Regular expression Denial of Service (ReDoS) is a type of Denial of Service attack. Regular expressions are incredibly powerful, but they aren't very intuitive and can ultimately end up making it easy for attackers to take your site down.
Let’s take the following regular expression as an example:
regex = /A(B|C+)+D/
This regular expression accomplishes the following:
A
The string must start with the letter 'A'(B|C+)+
The string must then follow the letter A with either the letter 'B' or some number of occurrences of the letter 'C' (the+
matches one or more times). The+
at the end of this section states that we can look for one or more matches of this section.D
Finally, we ensure this section of the string ends with a 'D'
The expression would match inputs such as ABBD
, ABCCCCD
, ABCBCCCD
and ACCCCCD
It most cases, it doesn't take very long for a regex engine to find a match:
$ time node -e '/A(B|C+)+D/.test("ACCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCD")'
0.04s user 0.01s system 95% cpu 0.052 total
$ time node -e '/A(B|C+)+D/.test("ACCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCX")'
1.79s user 0.02s system 99% cpu 1.812 total
The entire process of testing it against a 30 characters long string takes around ~52ms. But when given an invalid string, it takes nearly two seconds to complete the test, over ten times as long as it took to test a valid string. The dramatic difference is due to the way regular expressions get evaluated.
Most Regex engines will work very similarly (with minor differences). The engine will match the first possible way to accept the current character and proceed to the next one. If it then fails to match the next one, it will backtrack and see if there was another way to digest the previous character. If it goes too far down the rabbit hole only to find out the string doesn’t match in the end, and if many characters have multiple valid regex paths, the number of backtracking steps can become very large, resulting in what is known as catastrophic backtracking.
Let's look at how our expression runs into this problem, using a shorter string: "ACCCX". While it seems fairly straightforward, there are still four different ways that the engine could match those three C's:
- CCC
- CC+C
- C+CC
- C+C+C.
The engine has to try each of those combinations to see if any of them potentially match against the expression. When you combine that with the other steps the engine must take, we can use RegEx 101 debugger to see the engine has to take a total of 38 steps before it can determine the string doesn't match.
From there, the number of steps the engine must use to validate a string just continues to grow.
String | Number of C's | Number of steps |
---|---|---|
ACCCX | 3 | 38 |
ACCCCX | 4 | 71 |
ACCCCCX | 5 | 136 |
ACCCCCCCCCCCCCCX | 14 | 65,553 |
By the time the string includes 14 C's, the engine has to take over 65,000 steps just to see if the string is valid. These extreme situations can cause them to work very slowly (exponentially related to input size, as shown above), allowing an attacker to exploit this and can cause the service to excessively consume CPU, resulting in a Denial of Service.
Remediation
Upgrade wheel
to version 0.38.0 or higher.
References
high severity
- Vulnerable module: pillow
- Introduced through: pillow@9.5.0 and sphinxcontrib-blockdiag@1.5.5
Detailed paths
-
Introduced through: nachtfeuer/pipeline@nachtfeuer/pipeline#ee15d98f4d8f343d57dd5b84339ea41b4e2dc673 › pillow@9.5.0Remediation: Upgrade to pillow@10.3.0.
-
Introduced through: nachtfeuer/pipeline@nachtfeuer/pipeline#ee15d98f4d8f343d57dd5b84339ea41b4e2dc673 › sphinxcontrib-blockdiag@1.5.5 › blockdiag@3.0.0 › pillow@9.5.0Remediation: Upgrade to sphinxcontrib-blockdiag@1.5.5.
Overview
Affected versions of this package are vulnerable to Buffer Overflow via the strcpy
function in _imagingcms.c
, due to two calls that were able to copy too much data into fixed length strings.
Remediation
Upgrade pillow
to version 10.3.0 or higher.
References
high severity
- Vulnerable module: bandit
- Introduced through: bandit@1.0.1
Detailed paths
-
Introduced through: nachtfeuer/pipeline@nachtfeuer/pipeline#ee15d98f4d8f343d57dd5b84339ea41b4e2dc673 › bandit@1.0.1Remediation: Upgrade to bandit@1.7.7.
Overview
bandit is a Security oriented static analyser for python code.
Affected versions of this package are vulnerable to SQL Injection due to using the str.replace
method as a potential risk which, potentially enables the execution of arbitrary SQL code.
Remediation
Upgrade bandit
to version 1.7.7 or higher.
References
medium severity
- Vulnerable module: zipp
- Introduced through: bandit@1.0.1
Detailed paths
-
Introduced through: nachtfeuer/pipeline@nachtfeuer/pipeline#ee15d98f4d8f343d57dd5b84339ea41b4e2dc673 › bandit@1.0.1 › stevedore@3.5.2 › importlib-metadata@6.7.0 › zipp@3.15.0Remediation: Upgrade to bandit@1.5.0.
Overview
Affected versions of this package are vulnerable to Infinite loop where an attacker can cause the application to stop responding by initiating a loop through functions affecting the Path
module, such as joinpath
, the overloaded division operator, and iterdir
.
Details
Denial of Service (DoS) describes a family of attacks, all aimed at making a system inaccessible to its intended and legitimate users.
Unlike other vulnerabilities, DoS attacks usually do not aim at breaching security. Rather, they are focused on making websites and services unavailable to genuine users resulting in downtime.
One popular Denial of Service vulnerability is DDoS (a Distributed Denial of Service), an attack that attempts to clog network pipes to the system by generating a large volume of traffic from many machines.
When it comes to open source libraries, DoS vulnerabilities allow attackers to trigger such a crash or crippling of the service by using a flaw either in the application code or from the use of open source libraries.
Two common types of DoS vulnerabilities:
High CPU/Memory Consumption- An attacker sending crafted requests that could cause the system to take a disproportionate amount of time to process. For example, commons-fileupload:commons-fileupload.
Crash - An attacker sending crafted requests that could cause the system to crash. For Example, npm
ws
package
Remediation
Upgrade zipp
to version 3.19.1 or higher.
References
medium severity
- Vulnerable module: jinja2
- Introduced through: jinja2@2.9.6, sphinx@1.6.5 and others
Detailed paths
-
Introduced through: nachtfeuer/pipeline@nachtfeuer/pipeline#ee15d98f4d8f343d57dd5b84339ea41b4e2dc673 › jinja2@2.9.6Remediation: Upgrade to jinja2@2.10.1.
-
Introduced through: nachtfeuer/pipeline@nachtfeuer/pipeline#ee15d98f4d8f343d57dd5b84339ea41b4e2dc673 › sphinx@1.6.5 › jinja2@2.9.6Remediation: Upgrade to sphinx@1.6.5.
-
Introduced through: nachtfeuer/pipeline@nachtfeuer/pipeline#ee15d98f4d8f343d57dd5b84339ea41b4e2dc673 › sphinxcontrib-blockdiag@1.5.5 › sphinx@1.6.5 › jinja2@2.9.6Remediation: Upgrade to sphinxcontrib-blockdiag@1.5.5.
-
Introduced through: nachtfeuer/pipeline@nachtfeuer/pipeline#ee15d98f4d8f343d57dd5b84339ea41b4e2dc673 › sphinxcontrib-inheritance@0.9.0 › sphinx@1.6.5 › jinja2@2.9.6Remediation: Upgrade to sphinxcontrib-inheritance@0.9.0.
…and 1 more
Overview
Jinja2 is a template engine written in pure Python. It provides a Django inspired non-XML syntax but supports inline expressions and an optional sandboxed environment.
Affected versions of this package are vulnerable to Sandbox Escape via the str.format_map
. This vulnerability requires the attacker to have information about sensitive attributes, and exploiting it could allow the attacker to access sensitive content.
Workaround
Override the is_safe_attribute
method on the sandbox and explicitly disallow the format_map
method on string objects.
Remediation
Upgrade Jinja2
to version 2.10.1 or higher.
References
medium severity
- Vulnerable module: sphinx
- Introduced through: sphinx@1.6.5, sphinxcontrib-blockdiag@1.5.5 and others
Detailed paths
-
Introduced through: nachtfeuer/pipeline@nachtfeuer/pipeline#ee15d98f4d8f343d57dd5b84339ea41b4e2dc673 › sphinx@1.6.5Remediation: Upgrade to sphinx@3.0.4.
-
Introduced through: nachtfeuer/pipeline@nachtfeuer/pipeline#ee15d98f4d8f343d57dd5b84339ea41b4e2dc673 › sphinxcontrib-blockdiag@1.5.5 › sphinx@1.6.5Remediation: Upgrade to sphinxcontrib-blockdiag@1.5.5.
-
Introduced through: nachtfeuer/pipeline@nachtfeuer/pipeline#ee15d98f4d8f343d57dd5b84339ea41b4e2dc673 › sphinxcontrib-inheritance@0.9.0 › sphinx@1.6.5Remediation: Upgrade to sphinxcontrib-inheritance@0.9.0.
Overview
Sphinx is a Python documentation generator.
Affected versions of this package are vulnerable to Cross-site Scripting (XSS). Passing HTML from untrusted sources - even after sanitizing it - to one of jQuery's DOM manipulation methods (i.e. .html(), .append()
, and others) may execute untrusted code.
Remediation
Upgrade Sphinx
to version 3.0.4 or higher.
References
medium severity
- Vulnerable module: sphinx
- Introduced through: sphinx@1.6.5, sphinxcontrib-blockdiag@1.5.5 and others
Detailed paths
-
Introduced through: nachtfeuer/pipeline@nachtfeuer/pipeline#ee15d98f4d8f343d57dd5b84339ea41b4e2dc673 › sphinx@1.6.5Remediation: Upgrade to sphinx@3.0.4.
-
Introduced through: nachtfeuer/pipeline@nachtfeuer/pipeline#ee15d98f4d8f343d57dd5b84339ea41b4e2dc673 › sphinxcontrib-blockdiag@1.5.5 › sphinx@1.6.5Remediation: Upgrade to sphinxcontrib-blockdiag@1.5.5.
-
Introduced through: nachtfeuer/pipeline@nachtfeuer/pipeline#ee15d98f4d8f343d57dd5b84339ea41b4e2dc673 › sphinxcontrib-inheritance@0.9.0 › sphinx@1.6.5Remediation: Upgrade to sphinxcontrib-inheritance@0.9.0.
Overview
Sphinx is a Python documentation generator.
Affected versions of this package are vulnerable to Cross-site Scripting (XSS)
Passing HTML containing <option>
elements from untrusted sources - even after sanitizing it - to one of jQuery's DOM manipulation methods (i.e. .html()
, .append()
, and others) may execute untrusted code.
NOTE: This vulnerability was also assigned CVE-2020-23064.
Details
Remediation
Upgrade Sphinx
to version 3.0.4 or higher.
References
medium severity
- Vulnerable module: urllib3
- Introduced through: sphinx@1.6.5, sphinxcontrib-blockdiag@1.5.5 and others
Detailed paths
-
Introduced through: nachtfeuer/pipeline@nachtfeuer/pipeline#ee15d98f4d8f343d57dd5b84339ea41b4e2dc673 › sphinx@1.6.5 › requests@2.31.0 › urllib3@2.0.7Remediation: Upgrade to sphinx@1.6.5.
-
Introduced through: nachtfeuer/pipeline@nachtfeuer/pipeline#ee15d98f4d8f343d57dd5b84339ea41b4e2dc673 › sphinxcontrib-blockdiag@1.5.5 › sphinx@1.6.5 › requests@2.31.0 › urllib3@2.0.7Remediation: Upgrade to sphinxcontrib-blockdiag@1.5.5.
-
Introduced through: nachtfeuer/pipeline@nachtfeuer/pipeline#ee15d98f4d8f343d57dd5b84339ea41b4e2dc673 › sphinxcontrib-inheritance@0.9.0 › sphinx@1.6.5 › requests@2.31.0 › urllib3@2.0.7Remediation: Upgrade to sphinxcontrib-inheritance@0.9.0.
Overview
urllib3 is a HTTP library with thread-safe connection pooling, file post, and more.
Affected versions of this package are vulnerable to Improper Removal of Sensitive Information Before Storage or Transfer due to the improper handling of the Proxy-Authorization
header during cross-origin redirects when ProxyManager
is not in use. When the conditions below are met, including non-recommended configurations, the contents of this header can be sent in an automatic HTTP redirect.
Notes:
To be vulnerable, the application must be doing all of the following:
Setting the
Proxy-Authorization
header without using urllib3's built-in proxy support.Not disabling HTTP redirects (e.g. with
redirects=False
)Either not using an HTTPS origin server, or having a proxy or target origin that redirects to a malicious origin.
Workarounds
Using the
Proxy-Authorization
header with urllib3'sProxyManager
.Disabling HTTP redirects using
redirects=False
when sending requests.Not using the
Proxy-Authorization
header.
Remediation
Upgrade urllib3
to version 1.26.19, 2.2.2 or higher.
References
medium severity
- Vulnerable module: setuptools
- Introduced through: sphinx@1.6.5, mock@2.0.0 and others
Detailed paths
-
Introduced through: nachtfeuer/pipeline@nachtfeuer/pipeline#ee15d98f4d8f343d57dd5b84339ea41b4e2dc673 › sphinx@1.6.5 › setuptools@40.5.0Remediation: Upgrade to sphinx@1.6.5.
-
Introduced through: nachtfeuer/pipeline@nachtfeuer/pipeline#ee15d98f4d8f343d57dd5b84339ea41b4e2dc673 › mock@2.0.0 › pbr@6.1.1 › setuptools@40.5.0
-
Introduced through: nachtfeuer/pipeline@nachtfeuer/pipeline#ee15d98f4d8f343d57dd5b84339ea41b4e2dc673 › sphinxcontrib-blockdiag@1.5.5 › sphinx@1.6.5 › setuptools@40.5.0Remediation: Upgrade to sphinxcontrib-blockdiag@1.5.5.
-
Introduced through: nachtfeuer/pipeline@nachtfeuer/pipeline#ee15d98f4d8f343d57dd5b84339ea41b4e2dc673 › sphinxcontrib-inheritance@0.9.0 › sphinx@1.6.5 › setuptools@40.5.0Remediation: Upgrade to sphinxcontrib-inheritance@0.9.0.
-
Introduced through: nachtfeuer/pipeline@nachtfeuer/pipeline#ee15d98f4d8f343d57dd5b84339ea41b4e2dc673 › sphinxcontrib-blockdiag@1.5.5 › blockdiag@3.0.0 › setuptools@40.5.0
-
Introduced through: nachtfeuer/pipeline@nachtfeuer/pipeline#ee15d98f4d8f343d57dd5b84339ea41b4e2dc673 › bandit@1.0.1 › stevedore@3.5.2 › pbr@6.1.1 › setuptools@40.5.0
…and 3 more
Overview
Affected versions of this package are vulnerable to Regular Expression Denial of Service (ReDoS) via crafted HTML package or custom PackageIndex
page.
Note:
Only a small portion of the user base is impacted by this flaw. Setuptools maintainers pointed out that package_index
is deprecated (not formally, but “in spirit”) and the vulnerability isn't reachable through standard, recommended workflows.
Details
Denial of Service (DoS) describes a family of attacks, all aimed at making a system inaccessible to its original and legitimate users. There are many types of DoS attacks, ranging from trying to clog the network pipes to the system by generating a large volume of traffic from many machines (a Distributed Denial of Service - DDoS - attack) to sending crafted requests that cause a system to crash or take a disproportional amount of time to process.
The Regular expression Denial of Service (ReDoS) is a type of Denial of Service attack. Regular expressions are incredibly powerful, but they aren't very intuitive and can ultimately end up making it easy for attackers to take your site down.
Let’s take the following regular expression as an example:
regex = /A(B|C+)+D/
This regular expression accomplishes the following:
A
The string must start with the letter 'A'(B|C+)+
The string must then follow the letter A with either the letter 'B' or some number of occurrences of the letter 'C' (the+
matches one or more times). The+
at the end of this section states that we can look for one or more matches of this section.D
Finally, we ensure this section of the string ends with a 'D'
The expression would match inputs such as ABBD
, ABCCCCD
, ABCBCCCD
and ACCCCCD
It most cases, it doesn't take very long for a regex engine to find a match:
$ time node -e '/A(B|C+)+D/.test("ACCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCD")'
0.04s user 0.01s system 95% cpu 0.052 total
$ time node -e '/A(B|C+)+D/.test("ACCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCX")'
1.79s user 0.02s system 99% cpu 1.812 total
The entire process of testing it against a 30 characters long string takes around ~52ms. But when given an invalid string, it takes nearly two seconds to complete the test, over ten times as long as it took to test a valid string. The dramatic difference is due to the way regular expressions get evaluated.
Most Regex engines will work very similarly (with minor differences). The engine will match the first possible way to accept the current character and proceed to the next one. If it then fails to match the next one, it will backtrack and see if there was another way to digest the previous character. If it goes too far down the rabbit hole only to find out the string doesn’t match in the end, and if many characters have multiple valid regex paths, the number of backtracking steps can become very large, resulting in what is known as catastrophic backtracking.
Let's look at how our expression runs into this problem, using a shorter string: "ACCCX". While it seems fairly straightforward, there are still four different ways that the engine could match those three C's:
- CCC
- CC+C
- C+CC
- C+C+C.
The engine has to try each of those combinations to see if any of them potentially match against the expression. When you combine that with the other steps the engine must take, we can use RegEx 101 debugger to see the engine has to take a total of 38 steps before it can determine the string doesn't match.
From there, the number of steps the engine must use to validate a string just continues to grow.
String | Number of C's | Number of steps |
---|---|---|
ACCCX | 3 | 38 |
ACCCCX | 4 | 71 |
ACCCCCX | 5 | 136 |
ACCCCCCCCCCCCCCX | 14 | 65,553 |
By the time the string includes 14 C's, the engine has to take over 65,000 steps just to see if the string is valid. These extreme situations can cause them to work very slowly (exponentially related to input size, as shown above), allowing an attacker to exploit this and can cause the service to excessively consume CPU, resulting in a Denial of Service.
Remediation
Upgrade setuptools
to version 65.5.1 or higher.
References
medium severity
- Vulnerable module: requests
- Introduced through: sphinx@1.6.5, sphinxcontrib-blockdiag@1.5.5 and others
Detailed paths
-
Introduced through: nachtfeuer/pipeline@nachtfeuer/pipeline#ee15d98f4d8f343d57dd5b84339ea41b4e2dc673 › sphinx@1.6.5 › requests@2.31.0Remediation: Upgrade to sphinx@1.6.5.
-
Introduced through: nachtfeuer/pipeline@nachtfeuer/pipeline#ee15d98f4d8f343d57dd5b84339ea41b4e2dc673 › sphinxcontrib-blockdiag@1.5.5 › sphinx@1.6.5 › requests@2.31.0Remediation: Upgrade to sphinxcontrib-blockdiag@1.5.5.
-
Introduced through: nachtfeuer/pipeline@nachtfeuer/pipeline#ee15d98f4d8f343d57dd5b84339ea41b4e2dc673 › sphinxcontrib-inheritance@0.9.0 › sphinx@1.6.5 › requests@2.31.0Remediation: Upgrade to sphinxcontrib-inheritance@0.9.0.
Overview
Affected versions of this package are vulnerable to Always-Incorrect Control Flow Implementation when making requests through a Requests Session
. An attacker can bypass certificate verification by making the first request with verify=False
, causing all subsequent requests to ignore certificate verification regardless of changes to the verify
value.
Notes:
For requests <2.32.0, avoid setting
verify=False
for the first request to a host while using a Requests Session.For requests <2.32.0, call
close()
on Session objects to clear existing connections ifverify=False
is used.This vulnerability was initially fixed in version 2.32.0, which was yanked. Therefore, the next available fixed version is 2.32.2.
Remediation
Upgrade requests
to version 2.32.2 or higher.
References
medium severity
- Vulnerable module: jinja2
- Introduced through: jinja2@2.9.6, sphinx@1.6.5 and others
Detailed paths
-
Introduced through: nachtfeuer/pipeline@nachtfeuer/pipeline#ee15d98f4d8f343d57dd5b84339ea41b4e2dc673 › jinja2@2.9.6Remediation: Upgrade to jinja2@3.1.3.
-
Introduced through: nachtfeuer/pipeline@nachtfeuer/pipeline#ee15d98f4d8f343d57dd5b84339ea41b4e2dc673 › sphinx@1.6.5 › jinja2@2.9.6Remediation: Upgrade to sphinx@1.6.5.
-
Introduced through: nachtfeuer/pipeline@nachtfeuer/pipeline#ee15d98f4d8f343d57dd5b84339ea41b4e2dc673 › sphinxcontrib-blockdiag@1.5.5 › sphinx@1.6.5 › jinja2@2.9.6Remediation: Upgrade to sphinxcontrib-blockdiag@1.5.5.
-
Introduced through: nachtfeuer/pipeline@nachtfeuer/pipeline#ee15d98f4d8f343d57dd5b84339ea41b4e2dc673 › sphinxcontrib-inheritance@0.9.0 › sphinx@1.6.5 › jinja2@2.9.6Remediation: Upgrade to sphinxcontrib-inheritance@0.9.0.
…and 1 more
Overview
Jinja2 is a template engine written in pure Python. It provides a Django inspired non-XML syntax but supports inline expressions and an optional sandboxed environment.
Affected versions of this package are vulnerable to Cross-site Scripting (XSS) via the xmlattr
filter, when using keys containing spaces in an application accepts keys as user input. An attacker can inject arbitrary HTML attributes into the rendered HTML template, bypassing the auto-escaping mechanism, which may lead to the execution of untrusted scripts in the context of the user's browser session.
Note
Accepting keys as user input is not common or a particularly intended use case of the xmlattr
filter, and an application doing so should already be verifying what keys are provided regardless of this fix.
Details
A cross-site scripting attack occurs when the attacker tricks a legitimate web-based application or site to accept a request as originating from a trusted source.
This is done by escaping the context of the web application; the web application then delivers that data to its users along with other trusted dynamic content, without validating it. The browser unknowingly executes malicious script on the client side (through client-side languages; usually JavaScript or HTML) in order to perform actions that are otherwise typically blocked by the browser’s Same Origin Policy.
Injecting malicious code is the most prevalent manner by which XSS is exploited; for this reason, escaping characters in order to prevent this manipulation is the top method for securing code against this vulnerability.
Escaping means that the application is coded to mark key characters, and particularly key characters included in user input, to prevent those characters from being interpreted in a dangerous context. For example, in HTML, <
can be coded as <
; and >
can be coded as >
; in order to be interpreted and displayed as themselves in text, while within the code itself, they are used for HTML tags. If malicious content is injected into an application that escapes special characters and that malicious content uses <
and >
as HTML tags, those characters are nonetheless not interpreted as HTML tags by the browser if they’ve been correctly escaped in the application code and in this way the attempted attack is diverted.
The most prominent use of XSS is to steal cookies (source: OWASP HttpOnly) and hijack user sessions, but XSS exploits have been used to expose sensitive information, enable access to privileged services and functionality and deliver malware.
Types of attacks
There are a few methods by which XSS can be manipulated:
Type | Origin | Description |
---|---|---|
Stored | Server | The malicious code is inserted in the application (usually as a link) by the attacker. The code is activated every time a user clicks the link. |
Reflected | Server | The attacker delivers a malicious link externally from the vulnerable web site application to a user. When clicked, malicious code is sent to the vulnerable web site, which reflects the attack back to the user’s browser. |
DOM-based | Client | The attacker forces the user’s browser to render a malicious page. The data in the page itself delivers the cross-site scripting data. |
Mutated | The attacker injects code that appears safe, but is then rewritten and modified by the browser, while parsing the markup. An example is rebalancing unclosed quotation marks or even adding quotation marks to unquoted parameters. |
Affected environments
The following environments are susceptible to an XSS attack:
- Web servers
- Application servers
- Web application environments
How to prevent
This section describes the top best practices designed to specifically protect your code:
- Sanitize data input in an HTTP request before reflecting it back, ensuring all data is validated, filtered or escaped before echoing anything back to the user, such as the values of query parameters during searches.
- Convert special characters such as
?
,&
,/
,<
,>
and spaces to their respective HTML or URL encoded equivalents. - Give users the option to disable client-side scripts.
- Redirect invalid requests.
- Detect simultaneous logins, including those from two separate IP addresses, and invalidate those sessions.
- Use and enforce a Content Security Policy (source: Wikipedia) to disable any features that might be manipulated for an XSS attack.
- Read the documentation for any of the libraries referenced in your code to understand which elements allow for embedded HTML.
Remediation
Upgrade Jinja2
to version 3.1.3 or higher.
References
medium severity
- Vulnerable module: jinja2
- Introduced through: jinja2@2.9.6, sphinx@1.6.5 and others
Detailed paths
-
Introduced through: nachtfeuer/pipeline@nachtfeuer/pipeline#ee15d98f4d8f343d57dd5b84339ea41b4e2dc673 › jinja2@2.9.6Remediation: Upgrade to jinja2@3.1.4.
-
Introduced through: nachtfeuer/pipeline@nachtfeuer/pipeline#ee15d98f4d8f343d57dd5b84339ea41b4e2dc673 › sphinx@1.6.5 › jinja2@2.9.6Remediation: Upgrade to sphinx@1.6.5.
-
Introduced through: nachtfeuer/pipeline@nachtfeuer/pipeline#ee15d98f4d8f343d57dd5b84339ea41b4e2dc673 › sphinxcontrib-blockdiag@1.5.5 › sphinx@1.6.5 › jinja2@2.9.6Remediation: Upgrade to sphinxcontrib-blockdiag@1.5.5.
-
Introduced through: nachtfeuer/pipeline@nachtfeuer/pipeline#ee15d98f4d8f343d57dd5b84339ea41b4e2dc673 › sphinxcontrib-inheritance@0.9.0 › sphinx@1.6.5 › jinja2@2.9.6Remediation: Upgrade to sphinxcontrib-inheritance@0.9.0.
…and 1 more
Overview
Jinja2 is a template engine written in pure Python. It provides a Django inspired non-XML syntax but supports inline expressions and an optional sandboxed environment.
Affected versions of this package are vulnerable to Cross-site Scripting (XSS) through the xmlattr
filter. An attacker can manipulate the output of web pages by injecting additional attributes into elements, potentially leading to unauthorized actions or information disclosure.
Note: This vulnerability derives from an improper fix of CVE-2024-22195, which only addressed spaces but not other characters.
Details
A cross-site scripting attack occurs when the attacker tricks a legitimate web-based application or site to accept a request as originating from a trusted source.
This is done by escaping the context of the web application; the web application then delivers that data to its users along with other trusted dynamic content, without validating it. The browser unknowingly executes malicious script on the client side (through client-side languages; usually JavaScript or HTML) in order to perform actions that are otherwise typically blocked by the browser’s Same Origin Policy.
Injecting malicious code is the most prevalent manner by which XSS is exploited; for this reason, escaping characters in order to prevent this manipulation is the top method for securing code against this vulnerability.
Escaping means that the application is coded to mark key characters, and particularly key characters included in user input, to prevent those characters from being interpreted in a dangerous context. For example, in HTML, <
can be coded as <
; and >
can be coded as >
; in order to be interpreted and displayed as themselves in text, while within the code itself, they are used for HTML tags. If malicious content is injected into an application that escapes special characters and that malicious content uses <
and >
as HTML tags, those characters are nonetheless not interpreted as HTML tags by the browser if they’ve been correctly escaped in the application code and in this way the attempted attack is diverted.
The most prominent use of XSS is to steal cookies (source: OWASP HttpOnly) and hijack user sessions, but XSS exploits have been used to expose sensitive information, enable access to privileged services and functionality and deliver malware.
Types of attacks
There are a few methods by which XSS can be manipulated:
Type | Origin | Description |
---|---|---|
Stored | Server | The malicious code is inserted in the application (usually as a link) by the attacker. The code is activated every time a user clicks the link. |
Reflected | Server | The attacker delivers a malicious link externally from the vulnerable web site application to a user. When clicked, malicious code is sent to the vulnerable web site, which reflects the attack back to the user’s browser. |
DOM-based | Client | The attacker forces the user’s browser to render a malicious page. The data in the page itself delivers the cross-site scripting data. |
Mutated | The attacker injects code that appears safe, but is then rewritten and modified by the browser, while parsing the markup. An example is rebalancing unclosed quotation marks or even adding quotation marks to unquoted parameters. |
Affected environments
The following environments are susceptible to an XSS attack:
- Web servers
- Application servers
- Web application environments
How to prevent
This section describes the top best practices designed to specifically protect your code:
- Sanitize data input in an HTTP request before reflecting it back, ensuring all data is validated, filtered or escaped before echoing anything back to the user, such as the values of query parameters during searches.
- Convert special characters such as
?
,&
,/
,<
,>
and spaces to their respective HTML or URL encoded equivalents. - Give users the option to disable client-side scripts.
- Redirect invalid requests.
- Detect simultaneous logins, including those from two separate IP addresses, and invalidate those sessions.
- Use and enforce a Content Security Policy (source: Wikipedia) to disable any features that might be manipulated for an XSS attack.
- Read the documentation for any of the libraries referenced in your code to understand which elements allow for embedded HTML.
Remediation
Upgrade Jinja2
to version 3.1.4 or higher.
References
medium severity
- Vulnerable module: jinja2
- Introduced through: jinja2@2.9.6, sphinx@1.6.5 and others
Detailed paths
-
Introduced through: nachtfeuer/pipeline@nachtfeuer/pipeline#ee15d98f4d8f343d57dd5b84339ea41b4e2dc673 › jinja2@2.9.6Remediation: Upgrade to jinja2@3.1.5.
-
Introduced through: nachtfeuer/pipeline@nachtfeuer/pipeline#ee15d98f4d8f343d57dd5b84339ea41b4e2dc673 › sphinx@1.6.5 › jinja2@2.9.6Remediation: Upgrade to sphinx@1.6.5.
-
Introduced through: nachtfeuer/pipeline@nachtfeuer/pipeline#ee15d98f4d8f343d57dd5b84339ea41b4e2dc673 › sphinxcontrib-blockdiag@1.5.5 › sphinx@1.6.5 › jinja2@2.9.6Remediation: Upgrade to sphinxcontrib-blockdiag@1.5.5.
-
Introduced through: nachtfeuer/pipeline@nachtfeuer/pipeline#ee15d98f4d8f343d57dd5b84339ea41b4e2dc673 › sphinxcontrib-inheritance@0.9.0 › sphinx@1.6.5 › jinja2@2.9.6Remediation: Upgrade to sphinxcontrib-inheritance@0.9.0.
…and 1 more
Overview
Affected versions of this package are vulnerable to Improper Neutralization when importing a macro in a template whose filename is also a template. This will result in a SyntaxError: f-string: invalid syntax
error message because the filename is not properly escaped, indicating that it is being treated as a format string.
Note: This is only exploitable when the attacker controls both the content and filename of a template and the application executes untrusted templates.
Remediation
Upgrade jinja2
to version 3.1.5 or higher.
References
medium severity
- Vulnerable module: jinja2
- Introduced through: jinja2@2.9.6, sphinx@1.6.5 and others
Detailed paths
-
Introduced through: nachtfeuer/pipeline@nachtfeuer/pipeline#ee15d98f4d8f343d57dd5b84339ea41b4e2dc673 › jinja2@2.9.6Remediation: Upgrade to jinja2@3.1.5.
-
Introduced through: nachtfeuer/pipeline@nachtfeuer/pipeline#ee15d98f4d8f343d57dd5b84339ea41b4e2dc673 › sphinx@1.6.5 › jinja2@2.9.6Remediation: Upgrade to sphinx@1.6.5.
-
Introduced through: nachtfeuer/pipeline@nachtfeuer/pipeline#ee15d98f4d8f343d57dd5b84339ea41b4e2dc673 › sphinxcontrib-blockdiag@1.5.5 › sphinx@1.6.5 › jinja2@2.9.6Remediation: Upgrade to sphinxcontrib-blockdiag@1.5.5.
-
Introduced through: nachtfeuer/pipeline@nachtfeuer/pipeline#ee15d98f4d8f343d57dd5b84339ea41b4e2dc673 › sphinxcontrib-inheritance@0.9.0 › sphinx@1.6.5 › jinja2@2.9.6Remediation: Upgrade to sphinxcontrib-inheritance@0.9.0.
…and 1 more
Overview
Affected versions of this package are vulnerable to Template Injection when an attacker controls the content of a template. This is due to an oversight in the sandboxed environment's method detection when using a stored reference to a malicious string's format
method, which can then be executed through a filter.
Note: This is only exploitable through custom filters in an application.
Remediation
Upgrade jinja2
to version 3.1.5 or higher.
References
medium severity
new
- Vulnerable module: jinja2
- Introduced through: jinja2@2.9.6, sphinx@1.6.5 and others
Detailed paths
-
Introduced through: nachtfeuer/pipeline@nachtfeuer/pipeline#ee15d98f4d8f343d57dd5b84339ea41b4e2dc673 › jinja2@2.9.6Remediation: Upgrade to jinja2@3.1.6.
-
Introduced through: nachtfeuer/pipeline@nachtfeuer/pipeline#ee15d98f4d8f343d57dd5b84339ea41b4e2dc673 › sphinx@1.6.5 › jinja2@2.9.6Remediation: Upgrade to sphinx@1.6.5.
-
Introduced through: nachtfeuer/pipeline@nachtfeuer/pipeline#ee15d98f4d8f343d57dd5b84339ea41b4e2dc673 › sphinxcontrib-blockdiag@1.5.5 › sphinx@1.6.5 › jinja2@2.9.6Remediation: Upgrade to sphinxcontrib-blockdiag@1.5.5.
-
Introduced through: nachtfeuer/pipeline@nachtfeuer/pipeline#ee15d98f4d8f343d57dd5b84339ea41b4e2dc673 › sphinxcontrib-inheritance@0.9.0 › sphinx@1.6.5 › jinja2@2.9.6Remediation: Upgrade to sphinxcontrib-inheritance@0.9.0.
…and 1 more
Overview
Jinja2 is a template engine written in pure Python. It provides a Django inspired non-XML syntax but supports inline expressions and an optional sandboxed environment.
Affected versions of this package are vulnerable to Template Injection through the |attr
filter. An attacker that controls the content of a template can escape the sandbox and execute arbitrary Python code by using the |attr
filter to get a reference to a string's plain format method, bypassing the environment's attribute lookup.
Note:
This is only exploitable if the application executes untrusted templates.
Remediation
Upgrade Jinja2
to version 3.1.6 or higher.
References
medium severity
- Vulnerable module: jinja2
- Introduced through: jinja2@2.9.6, sphinx@1.6.5 and others
Detailed paths
-
Introduced through: nachtfeuer/pipeline@nachtfeuer/pipeline#ee15d98f4d8f343d57dd5b84339ea41b4e2dc673 › jinja2@2.9.6Remediation: Upgrade to jinja2@2.11.3.
-
Introduced through: nachtfeuer/pipeline@nachtfeuer/pipeline#ee15d98f4d8f343d57dd5b84339ea41b4e2dc673 › sphinx@1.6.5 › jinja2@2.9.6Remediation: Upgrade to sphinx@1.6.5.
-
Introduced through: nachtfeuer/pipeline@nachtfeuer/pipeline#ee15d98f4d8f343d57dd5b84339ea41b4e2dc673 › sphinxcontrib-blockdiag@1.5.5 › sphinx@1.6.5 › jinja2@2.9.6Remediation: Upgrade to sphinxcontrib-blockdiag@1.5.5.
-
Introduced through: nachtfeuer/pipeline@nachtfeuer/pipeline#ee15d98f4d8f343d57dd5b84339ea41b4e2dc673 › sphinxcontrib-inheritance@0.9.0 › sphinx@1.6.5 › jinja2@2.9.6Remediation: Upgrade to sphinxcontrib-inheritance@0.9.0.
…and 1 more
Overview
Jinja2 is a template engine written in pure Python. It provides a Django inspired non-XML syntax but supports inline expressions and an optional sandboxed environment.
Affected versions of this package are vulnerable to Regular Expression Denial of Service (ReDoS). The ReDoS vulnerability is mainly due to the _punctuation_re regex
operator and its use of multiple wildcards. The last wildcard is the most exploitable as it searches for trailing punctuation.
This issue can be mitigated by using Markdown to format user content instead of the urlize filter, or by implementing request timeouts or limiting process memory.
PoC by Yeting Li
from jinja2.utils import urlize
from time import perf_counter
for i in range(3):
text = "abc@" + "." * (i+1)*5000 + "!"
LEN = len(text)
BEGIN = perf_counter()
urlize(text)
DURATION = perf_counter() - BEGIN
print(f"{LEN}: took {DURATION} seconds!")
Details
Denial of Service (DoS) describes a family of attacks, all aimed at making a system inaccessible to its original and legitimate users. There are many types of DoS attacks, ranging from trying to clog the network pipes to the system by generating a large volume of traffic from many machines (a Distributed Denial of Service - DDoS - attack) to sending crafted requests that cause a system to crash or take a disproportional amount of time to process.
The Regular expression Denial of Service (ReDoS) is a type of Denial of Service attack. Regular expressions are incredibly powerful, but they aren't very intuitive and can ultimately end up making it easy for attackers to take your site down.
Let’s take the following regular expression as an example:
regex = /A(B|C+)+D/
This regular expression accomplishes the following:
A
The string must start with the letter 'A'(B|C+)+
The string must then follow the letter A with either the letter 'B' or some number of occurrences of the letter 'C' (the+
matches one or more times). The+
at the end of this section states that we can look for one or more matches of this section.D
Finally, we ensure this section of the string ends with a 'D'
The expression would match inputs such as ABBD
, ABCCCCD
, ABCBCCCD
and ACCCCCD
It most cases, it doesn't take very long for a regex engine to find a match:
$ time node -e '/A(B|C+)+D/.test("ACCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCD")'
0.04s user 0.01s system 95% cpu 0.052 total
$ time node -e '/A(B|C+)+D/.test("ACCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCX")'
1.79s user 0.02s system 99% cpu 1.812 total
The entire process of testing it against a 30 characters long string takes around ~52ms. But when given an invalid string, it takes nearly two seconds to complete the test, over ten times as long as it took to test a valid string. The dramatic difference is due to the way regular expressions get evaluated.
Most Regex engines will work very similarly (with minor differences). The engine will match the first possible way to accept the current character and proceed to the next one. If it then fails to match the next one, it will backtrack and see if there was another way to digest the previous character. If it goes too far down the rabbit hole only to find out the string doesn’t match in the end, and if many characters have multiple valid regex paths, the number of backtracking steps can become very large, resulting in what is known as catastrophic backtracking.
Let's look at how our expression runs into this problem, using a shorter string: "ACCCX". While it seems fairly straightforward, there are still four different ways that the engine could match those three C's:
- CCC
- CC+C
- C+CC
- C+C+C.
The engine has to try each of those combinations to see if any of them potentially match against the expression. When you combine that with the other steps the engine must take, we can use RegEx 101 debugger to see the engine has to take a total of 38 steps before it can determine the string doesn't match.
From there, the number of steps the engine must use to validate a string just continues to grow.
String | Number of C's | Number of steps |
---|---|---|
ACCCX | 3 | 38 |
ACCCCX | 4 | 71 |
ACCCCCX | 5 | 136 |
ACCCCCCCCCCCCCCX | 14 | 65,553 |
By the time the string includes 14 C's, the engine has to take over 65,000 steps just to see if the string is valid. These extreme situations can cause them to work very slowly (exponentially related to input size, as shown above), allowing an attacker to exploit this and can cause the service to excessively consume CPU, resulting in a Denial of Service.
Remediation
Upgrade Jinja2
to version 2.11.3 or higher.
References
medium severity
- Vulnerable module: sphinx
- Introduced through: sphinx@1.6.5, sphinxcontrib-blockdiag@1.5.5 and others
Detailed paths
-
Introduced through: nachtfeuer/pipeline@nachtfeuer/pipeline#ee15d98f4d8f343d57dd5b84339ea41b4e2dc673 › sphinx@1.6.5Remediation: Upgrade to sphinx@3.3.0.
-
Introduced through: nachtfeuer/pipeline@nachtfeuer/pipeline#ee15d98f4d8f343d57dd5b84339ea41b4e2dc673 › sphinxcontrib-blockdiag@1.5.5 › sphinx@1.6.5Remediation: Upgrade to sphinxcontrib-blockdiag@1.5.5.
-
Introduced through: nachtfeuer/pipeline@nachtfeuer/pipeline#ee15d98f4d8f343d57dd5b84339ea41b4e2dc673 › sphinxcontrib-inheritance@0.9.0 › sphinx@1.6.5Remediation: Upgrade to sphinxcontrib-inheritance@0.9.0.
Overview
Affected versions of this package are vulnerable to Regular Expression Denial of Service (ReDoS) due to the usage of an insecure regular expression in the function load_v2
of inventory.py
.
Details
Denial of Service (DoS) describes a family of attacks, all aimed at making a system inaccessible to its original and legitimate users. There are many types of DoS attacks, ranging from trying to clog the network pipes to the system by generating a large volume of traffic from many machines (a Distributed Denial of Service - DDoS - attack) to sending crafted requests that cause a system to crash or take a disproportional amount of time to process.
The Regular expression Denial of Service (ReDoS) is a type of Denial of Service attack. Regular expressions are incredibly powerful, but they aren't very intuitive and can ultimately end up making it easy for attackers to take your site down.
Let’s take the following regular expression as an example:
regex = /A(B|C+)+D/
This regular expression accomplishes the following:
A
The string must start with the letter 'A'(B|C+)+
The string must then follow the letter A with either the letter 'B' or some number of occurrences of the letter 'C' (the+
matches one or more times). The+
at the end of this section states that we can look for one or more matches of this section.D
Finally, we ensure this section of the string ends with a 'D'
The expression would match inputs such as ABBD
, ABCCCCD
, ABCBCCCD
and ACCCCCD
It most cases, it doesn't take very long for a regex engine to find a match:
$ time node -e '/A(B|C+)+D/.test("ACCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCD")'
0.04s user 0.01s system 95% cpu 0.052 total
$ time node -e '/A(B|C+)+D/.test("ACCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCX")'
1.79s user 0.02s system 99% cpu 1.812 total
The entire process of testing it against a 30 characters long string takes around ~52ms. But when given an invalid string, it takes nearly two seconds to complete the test, over ten times as long as it took to test a valid string. The dramatic difference is due to the way regular expressions get evaluated.
Most Regex engines will work very similarly (with minor differences). The engine will match the first possible way to accept the current character and proceed to the next one. If it then fails to match the next one, it will backtrack and see if there was another way to digest the previous character. If it goes too far down the rabbit hole only to find out the string doesn’t match in the end, and if many characters have multiple valid regex paths, the number of backtracking steps can become very large, resulting in what is known as catastrophic backtracking.
Let's look at how our expression runs into this problem, using a shorter string: "ACCCX". While it seems fairly straightforward, there are still four different ways that the engine could match those three C's:
- CCC
- CC+C
- C+CC
- C+C+C.
The engine has to try each of those combinations to see if any of them potentially match against the expression. When you combine that with the other steps the engine must take, we can use RegEx 101 debugger to see the engine has to take a total of 38 steps before it can determine the string doesn't match.
From there, the number of steps the engine must use to validate a string just continues to grow.
String | Number of C's | Number of steps |
---|---|---|
ACCCX | 3 | 38 |
ACCCCX | 4 | 71 |
ACCCCCX | 5 | 136 |
ACCCCCCCCCCCCCCX | 14 | 65,553 |
By the time the string includes 14 C's, the engine has to take over 65,000 steps just to see if the string is valid. These extreme situations can cause them to work very slowly (exponentially related to input size, as shown above), allowing an attacker to exploit this and can cause the service to excessively consume CPU, resulting in a Denial of Service.
Remediation
Upgrade sphinx
to version 3.3.0 or higher.
References
medium severity
- Vulnerable module: sphinx
- Introduced through: sphinx@1.6.5, sphinxcontrib-blockdiag@1.5.5 and others
Detailed paths
-
Introduced through: nachtfeuer/pipeline@nachtfeuer/pipeline#ee15d98f4d8f343d57dd5b84339ea41b4e2dc673 › sphinx@1.6.5Remediation: Upgrade to sphinx@3.3.0.
-
Introduced through: nachtfeuer/pipeline@nachtfeuer/pipeline#ee15d98f4d8f343d57dd5b84339ea41b4e2dc673 › sphinxcontrib-blockdiag@1.5.5 › sphinx@1.6.5Remediation: Upgrade to sphinxcontrib-blockdiag@1.5.5.
-
Introduced through: nachtfeuer/pipeline@nachtfeuer/pipeline#ee15d98f4d8f343d57dd5b84339ea41b4e2dc673 › sphinxcontrib-inheritance@0.9.0 › sphinx@1.6.5Remediation: Upgrade to sphinxcontrib-inheritance@0.9.0.
Overview
Affected versions of this package are vulnerable to Regular Expression Denial of Service (ReDoS) in google style docs, due to using an inefficient regex pattern with quantified overlapping adjacency.
PoC
" " * 5000 + "!"
Details
Denial of Service (DoS) describes a family of attacks, all aimed at making a system inaccessible to its original and legitimate users. There are many types of DoS attacks, ranging from trying to clog the network pipes to the system by generating a large volume of traffic from many machines (a Distributed Denial of Service - DDoS - attack) to sending crafted requests that cause a system to crash or take a disproportional amount of time to process.
The Regular expression Denial of Service (ReDoS) is a type of Denial of Service attack. Regular expressions are incredibly powerful, but they aren't very intuitive and can ultimately end up making it easy for attackers to take your site down.
Let’s take the following regular expression as an example:
regex = /A(B|C+)+D/
This regular expression accomplishes the following:
A
The string must start with the letter 'A'(B|C+)+
The string must then follow the letter A with either the letter 'B' or some number of occurrences of the letter 'C' (the+
matches one or more times). The+
at the end of this section states that we can look for one or more matches of this section.D
Finally, we ensure this section of the string ends with a 'D'
The expression would match inputs such as ABBD
, ABCCCCD
, ABCBCCCD
and ACCCCCD
It most cases, it doesn't take very long for a regex engine to find a match:
$ time node -e '/A(B|C+)+D/.test("ACCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCD")'
0.04s user 0.01s system 95% cpu 0.052 total
$ time node -e '/A(B|C+)+D/.test("ACCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCX")'
1.79s user 0.02s system 99% cpu 1.812 total
The entire process of testing it against a 30 characters long string takes around ~52ms. But when given an invalid string, it takes nearly two seconds to complete the test, over ten times as long as it took to test a valid string. The dramatic difference is due to the way regular expressions get evaluated.
Most Regex engines will work very similarly (with minor differences). The engine will match the first possible way to accept the current character and proceed to the next one. If it then fails to match the next one, it will backtrack and see if there was another way to digest the previous character. If it goes too far down the rabbit hole only to find out the string doesn’t match in the end, and if many characters have multiple valid regex paths, the number of backtracking steps can become very large, resulting in what is known as catastrophic backtracking.
Let's look at how our expression runs into this problem, using a shorter string: "ACCCX". While it seems fairly straightforward, there are still four different ways that the engine could match those three C's:
- CCC
- CC+C
- C+CC
- C+C+C.
The engine has to try each of those combinations to see if any of them potentially match against the expression. When you combine that with the other steps the engine must take, we can use RegEx 101 debugger to see the engine has to take a total of 38 steps before it can determine the string doesn't match.
From there, the number of steps the engine must use to validate a string just continues to grow.
String | Number of C's | Number of steps |
---|---|---|
ACCCX | 3 | 38 |
ACCCCX | 4 | 71 |
ACCCCCX | 5 | 136 |
ACCCCCCCCCCCCCCX | 14 | 65,553 |
By the time the string includes 14 C's, the engine has to take over 65,000 steps just to see if the string is valid. These extreme situations can cause them to work very slowly (exponentially related to input size, as shown above), allowing an attacker to exploit this and can cause the service to excessively consume CPU, resulting in a Denial of Service.
Remediation
Upgrade sphinx
to version 3.3.0 or higher.
References
medium severity
new
- Module: certifi
- Introduced through: sphinx@1.6.5, sphinxcontrib-blockdiag@1.5.5 and others
Detailed paths
-
Introduced through: nachtfeuer/pipeline@nachtfeuer/pipeline#ee15d98f4d8f343d57dd5b84339ea41b4e2dc673 › sphinx@1.6.5 › requests@2.31.0 › certifi@2025.1.31
-
Introduced through: nachtfeuer/pipeline@nachtfeuer/pipeline#ee15d98f4d8f343d57dd5b84339ea41b4e2dc673 › sphinxcontrib-blockdiag@1.5.5 › sphinx@1.6.5 › requests@2.31.0 › certifi@2025.1.31
-
Introduced through: nachtfeuer/pipeline@nachtfeuer/pipeline#ee15d98f4d8f343d57dd5b84339ea41b4e2dc673 › sphinxcontrib-inheritance@0.9.0 › sphinx@1.6.5 › requests@2.31.0 › certifi@2025.1.31
MPL-2.0 license