Find, fix and prevent vulnerabilities in your code.

Overview

@grpc/grpc-js is a gRPC Library for Node

Affected versions of this package are vulnerable to Uncontrolled Resource Consumption ('Resource Exhaustion') via the grpc.max_receive_message_length channel option. An attacker can cause a denial of service by sending messages that exceed the configured limits, which are then buffered or decompressed into memory.

Remediation

Upgrade @grpc/grpc-js to version 1.8.22, 1.9.15, 1.10.9 or higher.

References

• GitHub Commit
• GitHub Commit
• GitHub Commit

Overview

next is a react framework.

Affected versions of this package are vulnerable to Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling due to the lack of an upper bound on the disk cache used by the image optimization. An attacker can exhaust disk storage by generating a large number of unique image optimization variants, leading to service disruption.

Workaround

This vulnerability can be mitigated by periodically cleaning the .next/cache/images directory or by reducing the number of possible image variants through configuration of images.localPatterns, images.remotePatterns, and images.qualities.

Remediation

Upgrade next to version 16.1.7, 16.2.0-canary.54 or higher.

References

• GitHub Commit
• GitHub Release

Overview

next is a react framework.

Affected versions of this package are vulnerable to Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling through the Server Actions process. An attacker can cause the server to hang by constructing requests that leave Server-Actions requests pending until the hosting provider terminates the function execution.

Note:

This is only exploitable if there are no protections against long-running Server Action invocations.

Remediation

Upgrade next to version 13.5.8, 14.2.21, 15.1.2 or higher.

References

• GitHub Commit
• GitHub Commit

Overview

next is a react framework.

Affected versions of this package are vulnerable to HTTP Request Smuggling during the rewrite of the proxy traffic to an external backend. An attacker can access unintended backend routes by sending crafted DELETE or OPTIONS requests with Transfer-Encoding: chunked headers. This is only exploitable if the application is not hosted on providers that handle rewrites at the CDN level.

Workaround

This vulnerability can be mitigated by blocking chunked DELETE/OPTIONS requests on rewritten routes at the edge/proxy, or by enforcing authentication and authorization on backend routes.

Remediation

Upgrade next to version 15.5.13, 16.1.7, 16.2.0-canary.102 or higher.

References

• GitHub Commit
• GitHub Commit
• GitHub Release
• GitHub Release

Overview

next is a react framework.

Affected versions of this package are vulnerable to Race Condition in the Pages Router. An attacker can cause the server to serve incorrect pageProps data instead of the expected HTML content by exploiting a race condition between two requests, one containing the ?__nextDataRequest=1 query parameter and another with the x-now-route-matches header.

Notes:

1. This is only exploitable if the CDN provider caches a 200 OK response even in the absence of explicit cache-control headers, enabling a poisoned response to persist and be served to subsequent users;

2. No backend access or privileged escalation is possible through this vulnerability;

3. Applications hosted on Vercel's platform are not affected by this issue, as the platform does not cache responses based solely on 200 OK status without explicit cache-control headers.

4. This is a bypass of the fix for CVE-2024-46982

Workaround

This can be mitigated by stripping the x-now-route-matches header from all incoming requests at your CDN and setting cache-control: no-store for all responses under risk.

Remediation

Upgrade next to version 14.2.24, 15.1.6 or higher.

References

• GitHub Commit
• Vercel Advisory

Overview

next is a react framework.

Affected versions of this package are vulnerable to Use of Cache Containing Sensitive Information in the image optimization process, when responses from API routes vary based on request headers such as Cookie or Authorization. An attacker can gain unauthorized access to sensitive image data by exploiting cache key confusion, causing responses intended for authenticated users to be served to unauthorized users.

Note: Exploitation requires a prior authorized request to populate the cache.

Remediation

Upgrade next to version 14.2.31, 15.4.2-canary.19, 15.4.5 or higher.

References

• GitHub Commit
• GitHub Commit
• GitHub Commit
• GitHub PR
• Vercel Security Advisory

Overview

uuid is a RFC4122 (v1, v4, and v5) compliant UUID library.

Affected versions of this package are vulnerable to Improper Validation of Specified Index, Position, or Offset in Input due to accepting external output buffers but not rejecting out-of-range writes (small buf or large offset). This inconsistency allows silent partial writes into caller-provided buffers.

PoC

cd /home/StrawHat/uuid
npm ci
npm run build

node --input-type=module -e "
import {v4,v5,v6} from './dist-node/index.js';
const ns='6ba7b810-9dad-11d1-80b4-00c04fd430c8';
for (const [name,fn] of [
  ['v4',()=>v4({},new Uint8Array(8),4)],
  ['v5',()=>v5('x',ns,new Uint8Array(8),4)],
  ['v6',()=>v6({},new Uint8Array(8),4)],
]) {
  try { fn(); console.log(name,'NO_THROW'); }
  catch(e){ console.log(name,'THREW',e.name); }
}"

Remediation

Upgrade uuid to version 11.1.1, 14.0.0 or higher.

References

• GitHub Commit
• GitHub Commit
• GitHub Release

Overview

Affected versions of this package are vulnerable to Missing Release of Resource after Effective Lifetime via the makeres function due to improperly deleting keys from the reqs object after execution of callbacks. This behavior causes the keys to remain in the reqs object, which leads to resource exhaustion.

Exploiting this vulnerability results in crashing the node process or in the application crash.

Note: This library is not maintained, and currently, there is no fix for this issue. To overcome this vulnerability, several dependent packages have eliminated the use of this library.

To trigger the memory leak, an attacker would need to have the ability to execute or influence the asynchronous operations that use the inflight module within the application. This typically requires access to the internal workings of the server or application, which is not commonly exposed to remote users. Therefore, “Attack vector” is marked as “Local”.

PoC

const inflight = require('inflight');

function testInflight() {
  let i = 0;
  function scheduleNext() {
    let key = `key-${i++}`;
    const callback = () => {
    };
    for (let j = 0; j < 1000000; j++) {
      inflight(key, callback);
    }

    setImmediate(scheduleNext);
  }


  if (i % 100 === 0) {
    console.log(process.memoryUsage());
  }

  scheduleNext();
}

testInflight();

Remediation

There is no fixed version for inflight.

References

• GitHub Issue
• GitHub PR

Overview

postcss is a PostCSS is a tool for transforming styles with JS plugins.

Affected versions of this package are vulnerable to Cross-site Scripting (XSS) in CSS Stringify Output. An attacker can execute arbitrary JavaScript code in the context of the affected web page by submitting crafted CSS containing </style> sequences that are not properly escaped when embedded within HTML <style> tags.

PoC

const postcss = require('postcss');

// Parse user CSS and re-stringify for page embedding
const userCSS = 'body { content: "</style><script>alert(1)</script><style>"; }';
const ast = postcss.parse(userCSS);
const output = ast.toResult().css;
const html = `<style>${output}</style>`;

console.log(html);
// <style>body { content: "</style><script>alert(1)</script><style>"; }</style>
//
// Browser: </style> closes the style tag, <script> executes

Details

Cross-site scripting (or XSS) is a code vulnerability that occurs when an attacker “injects” a malicious script into an otherwise trusted website. The injected script gets downloaded and executed by the end user’s browser when the user interacts with the compromised website.

This is done by escaping the context of the web application; the web application then delivers that data to its users along with other trusted dynamic content, without validating it. The browser unknowingly executes malicious script on the client side (through client-side languages; usually JavaScript or HTML) in order to perform actions that are otherwise typically blocked by the browser’s Same Origin Policy.

Injecting malicious code is the most prevalent manner by which XSS is exploited; for this reason, escaping characters in order to prevent this manipulation is the top method for securing code against this vulnerability.

Escaping means that the application is coded to mark key characters, and particularly key characters included in user input, to prevent those characters from being interpreted in a dangerous context. For example, in HTML, < can be coded as &lt; and > can be coded as &gt; in order to be interpreted and displayed as themselves in text, while within the code itself, they are used for HTML tags. If malicious content is injected into an application that escapes special characters and that malicious content uses < and > as HTML tags, those characters are nonetheless not interpreted as HTML tags by the browser if they’ve been correctly escaped in the application code and in this way the attempted attack is diverted.

The most prominent use of XSS is to steal cookies (source: OWASP HttpOnly) and hijack user sessions, but XSS exploits have been used to expose sensitive information, enable access to privileged services and functionality and deliver malware.

Types of attacks

There are a few methods by which XSS can be manipulated:

Affected environments

The following environments are susceptible to an XSS attack:

• Web servers
• Application servers
• Web application environments

How to prevent

This section describes the top best practices designed to specifically protect your code:

• Sanitize data input in an HTTP request before reflecting it back, ensuring all data is validated, filtered or escaped before echoing anything back to the user, such as the values of query parameters during searches.
• Convert special characters such as ?, &, /, <, > and spaces to their respective HTML or URL encoded equivalents.
• Give users the option to disable client-side scripts.
• Redirect invalid requests.
• Detect simultaneous logins, including those from two separate IP addresses, and invalidate those sessions.
• Use and enforce a Content Security Policy (source: Wikipedia) to disable any features that might be manipulated for an XSS attack.
• Read the documentation for any of the libraries referenced in your code to understand which elements allow for embedded HTML.

Remediation

Upgrade postcss to version 8.5.10 or higher.

References

• GitHub Advisory
• GitHub Commit
• GitHub Release

Overview

@firebase/auth is a The Firebase Authenticaton component of the Firebase JS SDK.

Affected versions of this package are vulnerable to Cross-site Scripting (XSS) via the _authTokenSyncURL field in the FIREBASE_DEFAULTS settings due to improper user input sanitization. An attacker can manipulate session synchronization by setting this cookie field to point to a malicious server, thereby capturing user session data transmitted by the SDK.

Details

Cross-site scripting (or XSS) is a code vulnerability that occurs when an attacker “injects” a malicious script into an otherwise trusted website. The injected script gets downloaded and executed by the end user’s browser when the user interacts with the compromised website.

This is done by escaping the context of the web application; the web application then delivers that data to its users along with other trusted dynamic content, without validating it. The browser unknowingly executes malicious script on the client side (through client-side languages; usually JavaScript or HTML) in order to perform actions that are otherwise typically blocked by the browser’s Same Origin Policy.

Injecting malicious code is the most prevalent manner by which XSS is exploited; for this reason, escaping characters in order to prevent this manipulation is the top method for securing code against this vulnerability.

Escaping means that the application is coded to mark key characters, and particularly key characters included in user input, to prevent those characters from being interpreted in a dangerous context. For example, in HTML, < can be coded as &lt; and > can be coded as &gt; in order to be interpreted and displayed as themselves in text, while within the code itself, they are used for HTML tags. If malicious content is injected into an application that escapes special characters and that malicious content uses < and > as HTML tags, those characters are nonetheless not interpreted as HTML tags by the browser if they’ve been correctly escaped in the application code and in this way the attempted attack is diverted.

The most prominent use of XSS is to steal cookies (source: OWASP HttpOnly) and hijack user sessions, but XSS exploits have been used to expose sensitive information, enable access to privileged services and functionality and deliver malware.

Types of attacks

There are a few methods by which XSS can be manipulated:

Affected environments

The following environments are susceptible to an XSS attack:

• Web servers
• Application servers
• Web application environments

How to prevent

This section describes the top best practices designed to specifically protect your code:

• Sanitize data input in an HTTP request before reflecting it back, ensuring all data is validated, filtered or escaped before echoing anything back to the user, such as the values of query parameters during searches.
• Convert special characters such as ?, &, /, <, > and spaces to their respective HTML or URL encoded equivalents.
• Give users the option to disable client-side scripts.
• Redirect invalid requests.
• Detect simultaneous logins, including those from two separate IP addresses, and invalidate those sessions.
• Use and enforce a Content Security Policy (source: Wikipedia) to disable any features that might be manipulated for an XSS attack.
• Read the documentation for any of the libraries referenced in your code to understand which elements allow for embedded HTML.

Remediation

Upgrade @firebase/auth to version 1.6.2 or higher.

References

• GitHub Commit
• GitHub PR