Overview

node is a JavaScript runtime built on Chrome's V8 JavaScript engine.

Affected versions of this package are vulnerable to DNS Rebinding due to the way the IsIPAddress() function in inspector_socket.cc processes invalid octal format IP addresses during an --inspect session. This could allow attackers to execute arbitrary code.

Remediation

Upgrade node to version 14.21.1, 16.18.1, 18.12.1, 19.0.1 or higher.

References

• GitHub Commit
• GitHub Commit
• GitHub Commit
• GitHub Commit
• Node.js Advisory

Overview

node is a JavaScript runtime built on Chrome's V8 JavaScript engine.

Affected versions of this package are vulnerable to Uncaught Exception in the SignTraits::DeriveBits() function, which incorrectly invokes ThrowException() based on user inputs when executing in a background thread. This allows an attacker to trigger a runtime crash.

Note: The cryptographic operations involved are commonly applied to untrusted input.

Details

Denial of Service (DoS) describes a family of attacks, all aimed at making a system inaccessible to its intended and legitimate users.

Unlike other vulnerabilities, DoS attacks usually do not aim at breaching security. Rather, they are focused on making websites and services unavailable to genuine users resulting in downtime.

One popular Denial of Service vulnerability is DDoS (a Distributed Denial of Service), an attack that attempts to clog network pipes to the system by generating a large volume of traffic from many machines.

When it comes to open source libraries, DoS vulnerabilities allow attackers to trigger such a crash or crippling of the service by using a flaw either in the application code or from the use of open source libraries.

Two common types of DoS vulnerabilities:

• High CPU/Memory Consumption- An attacker sending crafted requests that could cause the system to take a disproportionate amount of time to process. For example, commons-fileupload:commons-fileupload.

• Crash - An attacker sending crafted requests that could cause the system to crash. For Example, npm ws package

Remediation

Upgrade node to version 20.19.2, 22.15.1, 23.11.1, 24.0.2 or higher.

References

• GitHub Commit
• GitHub Commit
• HackerOne Report
• Node.js Advisory

Overview

node is a JavaScript runtime built on Chrome's V8 JavaScript engine.

Affected versions of this package are vulnerable to Uncaught Exception due to the unhandled TLSSocket error ECONNRESET. An attacker can cause application crash by passing malformed HTTP/2 HEADERS frame with oversized, invalid HPACK data.

Note:

This issue primary affects applications without explicit error handlers to secure sockets.

Remediation

Upgrade node to version 20.20.0, 22.22.0, 24.13.0, 25.3.0 or higher.

References

• GitHub Commit
• NodeJS Security Advisory

Overview

node is a JavaScript runtime built on Chrome's V8 JavaScript engine.

Affected versions of this package are vulnerable to Directory Traversal in the path.join function. An attacker can bypass the path traversal protection and access restricted files by crafting specific path inputs that leverage Windows reserved driver names such as CON, PRN, and AUX.

Note: This issue only affects Windows systems and is a result of an incomplete fix for CVE-2025-23084

Details

A Directory Traversal attack (also known as path traversal) aims to access files and directories that are stored outside the intended folder. By manipulating files with "dot-dot-slash (../)" sequences and its variations, or by using absolute file paths, it may be possible to access arbitrary files and directories stored on file system, including application source code, configuration, and other critical system files.

Directory Traversal vulnerabilities can be generally divided into two types:

• Information Disclosure: Allows the attacker to gain information about the folder structure or read the contents of sensitive files on the system.

st is a module for serving static files on web pages, and contains a vulnerability of this type. In our example, we will serve files from the public route.

If an attacker requests the following URL from our server, it will in turn leak the sensitive private key of the root user.

curl http://localhost:8080/public/%2e%2e/%2e%2e/%2e%2e/%2e%2e/%2e%2e/root/.ssh/id_rsa

Note %2e is the URL encoded version of . (dot).

• Writing arbitrary files: Allows the attacker to create or replace existing files. This type of vulnerability is also known as Zip-Slip.

One way to achieve this is by using a malicious zip archive that holds path traversal filenames. When each filename in the zip archive gets concatenated to the target extraction folder, without validation, the final path ends up outside of the target folder. If an executable or a configuration file is overwritten with a file containing malicious code, the problem can turn into an arbitrary code execution issue quite easily.

The following is an example of a zip archive with one benign file and one malicious file. Extracting the malicious file will result in traversing out of the target folder, ending up in /root/.ssh/ overwriting the authorized_keys file:

2018-04-15 22:04:29 .....           19           19  good.txt
2018-04-15 22:04:42 .....           20           20  ../../../../../../root/.ssh/authorized_keys

Remediation

Upgrade node to version 20.19.4, 22.17.1, 24.4.1 or higher.

References

• GitHub Commit
• GitHub Commit
• GitHub Commit
• Node.js Security Advisory
• Exploit DB

Overview

node is a JavaScript runtime built on Chrome's V8 JavaScript engine.

Affected versions of this package are vulnerable to Reliance on Undefined, Unspecified, or Implementation-Defined Behavior due to a flaw in error handling when async_hooks (or AsyncLocalStorage) is enabled. Normally, a "Maximum call stack size exceeded" error (stack overflow) is catchable by try-catch blocks or uncaughtException handlers. However, if this error occurs while an async_hooks callback is on the stack (which happens frequently in frameworks like Next.js or when using APM tools), Node.js treats it as a fatal error. Remote attackers can trigger this crash by sending payloads that cause deep recursion (e.g., deeply nested JSON objects), leading to a Denial of Service.

Notes:

1. Node.js 24.x and 25.x are less affected if using only AsyncLocalStorage, as they use a newer V8 feature that avoids this hook mechanism;

2. The patch improves recoverability in one edge case, but it does not remove the broader risk. Recovery from space exhaustion is unspecified, best‑effort behavior and is not a reliable basis for availability or security.

PoC

import { createHook } from 'node:async_hooks';

// This simulates what APM tools do
createHook({ init() {} }).enable();

function recursive() {
  new Promise(() => {}); // Creates async context
  return recursive();
}

try {
  recursive();
} catch (err) {
  console.log('This never runs', err);
}

Remediation

Upgrade node to version 20.20.0, 22.22.0, 24.13.0, 25.3.0 or higher.

References

• Blog Post
• GitHub Commit
• Node.js Security Releases

NVD Description

Note: Versions mentioned in the description apply only to the upstream gcc-6 package and not the gcc-6 package as distributed by Debian. See How to fix? for Debian:9 relevant fixed versions and status.

stack_protect_prologue in cfgexpand.c and stack_protect_epilogue in function.c in GNU Compiler Collection (GCC) 4.1 through 8 (under certain circumstances) generate instruction sequences when targeting ARM targets that spill the address of the stack protector guard, which allows an attacker to bypass the protection of -fstack-protector, -fstack-protector-all, -fstack-protector-strong, and -fstack-protector-explicit against stack overflow by controlling what the stack canary is compared against.

Remediation

There is no fixed version for Debian:9 gcc-6.

References

• https://gcc.gnu.org/viewcvs/gcc/trunk/gcc/config/arm/arm-protos.h?revision=266379&view=markup
• https://security-tracker.debian.org/tracker/CVE-2018-12886
• https://www.gnu.org/software/gcc/gcc-8/changes.html

Overview

node is a JavaScript runtime built on Chrome's V8 JavaScript engine.

Affected versions of this package are vulnerable to Code Injection due to the incorrect handling of environment variables on Linux when the process is running with elevated privileges that the current user lacks (does not apply to CAP_NET_BIND_SERVICE).

Remediation

Upgrade node to version 18.19.1, 20.11.1, 21.6.2 or higher.

References

• GitHub Commit
• GitHub Commit
• GitHub Commit
• RedHat Bugzilla Bug

NVD Description

Note: Versions mentioned in the description apply only to the upstream systemd package and not the systemd package as distributed by Debian. See How to fix? for Debian:9 relevant fixed versions and status.

A heap use-after-free vulnerability was found in systemd before version v245-rc1, where asynchronous Polkit queries are performed while handling dbus messages. A local unprivileged attacker can abuse this flaw to crash systemd services or potentially execute code and elevate their privileges, by sending specially crafted dbus messages.

Remediation

Upgrade Debian:9 systemd to version 232-25+deb9u14 or higher.

References

• https://security-tracker.debian.org/tracker/CVE-2020-1712
• https://github.com/systemd/systemd/commit/1068447e6954dc6ce52f099ed174c442cb89ed54
• https://github.com/systemd/systemd/commit/637486261528e8aa3da9f26a4487dc254f4b7abb
• https://github.com/systemd/systemd/commit/bc130b6858327b382b07b3985cf48e2aa9016b2d
• https://github.com/systemd/systemd/commit/ea0d0ede03c6f18dbc5036c5e9cccf97e415ccc2
• https://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2020/02/05/1
• https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=CVE-2020-1712
• http://people.ubuntu.com/~ubuntu-security/cve/CVE-2020-1712
• https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2022/06/msg00025.html

Overview

node is a JavaScript runtime built on Chrome's V8 JavaScript engine.

Affected versions of this package are vulnerable to UNIX Symbolic Link (Symlink) Following in the fs.symlink() function. An attacker can escape the allowed path and read/write sensitive files by chaining directories and symlinks, bypassing --allow-fs-read and --allow-fs-write restrictions.

Remediation

Upgrade node to version 20.20.0, 22.22.0, 24.13.0, 25.3.0 or higher.

References

• GitHub Commit
• NodeJS Security Advisory

Overview

node is a JavaScript runtime built on Chrome's V8 JavaScript engine.

Affected versions of this package are vulnerable to Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling due to a lack of safeguards on chunk extension bytes. The server may read an unbounded number of bytes from a single connection, which allows an attacker to cause denial of service via CPU and network bandwidth exhaustion.

Details

Denial of Service (DoS) describes a family of attacks, all aimed at making a system inaccessible to its intended and legitimate users.

Unlike other vulnerabilities, DoS attacks usually do not aim at breaching security. Rather, they are focused on making websites and services unavailable to genuine users resulting in downtime.

One popular Denial of Service vulnerability is DDoS (a Distributed Denial of Service), an attack that attempts to clog network pipes to the system by generating a large volume of traffic from many machines.

When it comes to open source libraries, DoS vulnerabilities allow attackers to trigger such a crash or crippling of the service by using a flaw either in the application code or from the use of open source libraries.

Two common types of DoS vulnerabilities:

• High CPU/Memory Consumption- An attacker sending crafted requests that could cause the system to take a disproportionate amount of time to process. For example, commons-fileupload:commons-fileupload.

• Crash - An attacker sending crafted requests that could cause the system to crash. For Example, npm ws package

Remediation

Upgrade node to version 18.19.1, 20.11.1, 21.6.2 or higher.

References

• GitHub Commit
• GitHub Commit
• GitHub Commit
• RedHat Bugzilla Bug

Overview

node is a JavaScript runtime built on Chrome's V8 JavaScript engine.

Affected versions of this package are vulnerable to Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling due to a race condition in Http2Session when nghttp2 data is left in memory after a connection is reset while processing HTTP/2 CONTINUATION frames. An attacker can cause denial of service by sending such frames then triggering the Http2Session destructor.

Details

Denial of Service (DoS) describes a family of attacks, all aimed at making a system inaccessible to its intended and legitimate users.

Unlike other vulnerabilities, DoS attacks usually do not aim at breaching security. Rather, they are focused on making websites and services unavailable to genuine users resulting in downtime.

One popular Denial of Service vulnerability is DDoS (a Distributed Denial of Service), an attack that attempts to clog network pipes to the system by generating a large volume of traffic from many machines.

When it comes to open source libraries, DoS vulnerabilities allow attackers to trigger such a crash or crippling of the service by using a flaw either in the application code or from the use of open source libraries.

Two common types of DoS vulnerabilities:

• High CPU/Memory Consumption- An attacker sending crafted requests that could cause the system to take a disproportionate amount of time to process. For example, commons-fileupload:commons-fileupload.

• Crash - An attacker sending crafted requests that could cause the system to crash. For Example, npm ws package

Remediation

Upgrade node to version 18.20.1, 20.12.1, 21.7.2 or higher.

References

• CERT/CC Advisory
• GitHub Commit
• GitHub Commit
• GitHub Commit
• Node.js Release Notes
• RedHat Bugzilla Bug
• Vulnerability Report

Overview

node is a JavaScript runtime built on Chrome's V8 JavaScript engine.

Affected versions of this package are vulnerable to Arbitrary Code Injection. The use of the deprecated API process.binding() can bypass the policy mechanism by requiring internal modules and eventually take advantage of process.binding('spawn_sync') to run arbitrary code, outside of the limits defined in a policy.json file.

Note:

At the time this advisory was issued, the policy is an experimental feature of Node.js, which is not enabled by default.

Remediation

Upgrade node to version 16.20.2, 18.17.1, 20.5.1 or higher.

References

• GitHub Commit
• GitHub Release
• Node.js
• RedHat Bugzilla Bug

Overview

node is a JavaScript runtime built on Chrome's V8 JavaScript engine.

Affected versions of this package are vulnerable to Denial of Service (DoS) due to a null pointer dereference in when signatures are being verified on PKCS7 signed or signedAndEnveloped data in pkcs7/pk7_doit.c. If the hash algorithm used for the signature is known to the OpenSSL library but the implementation of the hash algorithm is not available, the digest initialization will fail.

NOTE: The TLS implementation in OpenSSL does not call these functions.

Details

Denial of Service (DoS) describes a family of attacks, all aimed at making a system inaccessible to its intended and legitimate users.

Unlike other vulnerabilities, DoS attacks usually do not aim at breaching security. Rather, they are focused on making websites and services unavailable to genuine users resulting in downtime.

One popular Denial of Service vulnerability is DDoS (a Distributed Denial of Service), an attack that attempts to clog network pipes to the system by generating a large volume of traffic from many machines.

When it comes to open source libraries, DoS vulnerabilities allow attackers to trigger such a crash or crippling of the service by using a flaw either in the application code or from the use of open source libraries.

Two common types of DoS vulnerabilities:

• High CPU/Memory Consumption- An attacker sending crafted requests that could cause the system to take a disproportionate amount of time to process. For example, commons-fileupload:commons-fileupload.

• Crash - An attacker sending crafted requests that could cause the system to crash. For Example, npm ws package

Remediation

Upgrade node to version 16.19.1, 18.14.1, 19.6.1 or higher.

References

• Changelog (cryptography)
• GitHub Commit
• GitHub Issue
• Node.js Advisory
• Vulnerability Advisory

Overview

node is a JavaScript runtime built on Chrome's V8 JavaScript engine.

Affected versions of this package are vulnerable to Denial of Service (DoS) such that in some cases Node.js does not clear the OpenSSL error stack after operations that may set it. This may lead to false positive errors during subsequent cryptographic operations that happen to be on the same thread.

Details

Denial of Service (DoS) describes a family of attacks, all aimed at making a system inaccessible to its intended and legitimate users.

Unlike other vulnerabilities, DoS attacks usually do not aim at breaching security. Rather, they are focused on making websites and services unavailable to genuine users resulting in downtime.

One popular Denial of Service vulnerability is DDoS (a Distributed Denial of Service), an attack that attempts to clog network pipes to the system by generating a large volume of traffic from many machines.

When it comes to open source libraries, DoS vulnerabilities allow attackers to trigger such a crash or crippling of the service by using a flaw either in the application code or from the use of open source libraries.

Two common types of DoS vulnerabilities:

• High CPU/Memory Consumption- An attacker sending crafted requests that could cause the system to take a disproportionate amount of time to process. For example, commons-fileupload:commons-fileupload.

• Crash - An attacker sending crafted requests that could cause the system to crash. For Example, npm ws package

Remediation

Upgrade node to version 16.19.1, 18.14.1, 19.2.0 or higher.

References

• GitHub Commit
• GitHub Release
• Node.js
• RedHat Bugzilla Bug

Overview

node is a JavaScript runtime built on Chrome's V8 JavaScript engine.

Affected versions of this package are vulnerable to Denial of Service (DoS) via a 0-byte UDP payload.

Details

Denial of Service (DoS) describes a family of attacks, all aimed at making a system inaccessible to its intended and legitimate users.

Unlike other vulnerabilities, DoS attacks usually do not aim at breaching security. Rather, they are focused on making websites and services unavailable to genuine users resulting in downtime.

One popular Denial of Service vulnerability is DDoS (a Distributed Denial of Service), an attack that attempts to clog network pipes to the system by generating a large volume of traffic from many machines.

When it comes to open source libraries, DoS vulnerabilities allow attackers to trigger such a crash or crippling of the service by using a flaw either in the application code or from the use of open source libraries.

Two common types of DoS vulnerabilities:

• High CPU/Memory Consumption- An attacker sending crafted requests that could cause the system to take a disproportionate amount of time to process. For example, commons-fileupload:commons-fileupload.

• Crash - An attacker sending crafted requests that could cause the system to crash. For Example, npm ws package

Remediation

Upgrade node to version 16.20.1, 18.16.1, 20.3.1 or higher.

References

• GitHub Commit
• GitHub Release
• RedHat Bugzilla Bug

Overview

node is a JavaScript runtime built on Chrome's V8 JavaScript engine.

Affected versions of this package are vulnerable to Insecure Permissions which allow users to access unauthorized modules with process.mainModule.require() if the --experimental-policy option is in use.

Remediation

Upgrade node to version 14.21.3, 16.19.1, 18.14.1, 19.6.1 or higher.

References

• Node.js Advisory

Overview

node is a JavaScript runtime built on Chrome's V8 JavaScript engine.

Affected versions of this package are vulnerable to Insecure Randomness via the EntropySource() function in SecretKeyGenTraits::DoKeyGen(), due to improper checking the return value, allowing an attacker to perform cryptographic attacks.

Remediation

Upgrade node to version 16.17.1, 18.9.1 or higher.

References

• GitHub Commit
• GitHub Release
• Node.js Blog
• RedHat Bugzilla Bug

Overview

node is a JavaScript runtime built on Chrome's V8 JavaScript engine.

Affected versions of this package are vulnerable to Access of Resource Using Incompatible Type ('Type Confusion') in x509/v3_genn.c, when processing X.400 addresses with CRL checking enabled (e.g. when X509_V_FLAG_CRL_CHECK is set). An attacker in possession of both the certificate chain and CRL, of which neither needs a valid signature, can expose memory or cause a denial of service. If the attacker only controls one of these inputs, the other input must already contain an X.400 address as a CRL distribution point, which is uncommon.

Remediation

Upgrade node to version 14.21.3, 16.19.1, 18.14.1, 19.6.1 or higher.

References

• Changelog (cryptography)
• GitHub Commit
• GitHub Issue
• Node.js Advisory
• Vulnerability Advisory

Overview

node is a JavaScript runtime built on Chrome's V8 JavaScript engine.

Affected versions of this package are vulnerable to Prototype Pollution. The use of proto in process.mainModule.proto.require() can bypass the policy mechanism and require modules outside of the policy.json definition.

Note:

At the time this CVE was issued, the policy is an experimental feature of Node.js.

Details

Prototype Pollution is a vulnerability affecting JavaScript. Prototype Pollution refers to the ability to inject properties into existing JavaScript language construct prototypes, such as objects. JavaScript allows all Object attributes to be altered, including their magical attributes such as __proto__, constructor and prototype. An attacker manipulates these attributes to overwrite, or pollute, a JavaScript application object prototype of the base object by injecting other values. Properties on the Object.prototype are then inherited by all the JavaScript objects through the prototype chain. When that happens, this leads to either denial of service by triggering JavaScript exceptions, or it tampers with the application source code to force the code path that the attacker injects, thereby leading to remote code execution.

There are two main ways in which the pollution of prototypes occurs:

• Unsafe Object recursive merge

• Property definition by path

Unsafe Object recursive merge

The logic of a vulnerable recursive merge function follows the following high-level model:

merge (target, source)

  foreach property of source

    if property exists and is an object on both the target and the source

      merge(target[property], source[property])

    else

      target[property] = source[property]

When the source object contains a property named __proto__ defined with Object.defineProperty() , the condition that checks if the property exists and is an object on both the target and the source passes and the merge recurses with the target, being the prototype of Object and the source of Object as defined by the attacker. Properties are then copied on the Object prototype.

Clone operations are a special sub-class of unsafe recursive merges, which occur when a recursive merge is conducted on an empty object: merge({},source).

lodash and Hoek are examples of libraries susceptible to recursive merge attacks.

Property definition by path

There are a few JavaScript libraries that use an API to define property values on an object based on a given path. The function that is generally affected contains this signature: theFunction(object, path, value)

If the attacker can control the value of “path”, they can set this value to __proto__.myValue. myValue is then assigned to the prototype of the class of the object.

Types of attacks

There are a few methods by which Prototype Pollution can be manipulated:

Affected environments

The following environments are susceptible to a Prototype Pollution attack:

• Application server

• Web server

• Web browser

How to prevent

1. Freeze the prototype— use Object.freeze (Object.prototype).

2. Require schema validation of JSON input.

3. Avoid using unsafe recursive merge functions.

4. Consider using objects without prototypes (for example, Object.create(null)), breaking the prototype chain and preventing pollution.

5. As a best practice use Map instead of Object.

For more information on this vulnerability type:

Arteau, Oliver. “JavaScript prototype pollution attack in NodeJS application.” GitHub, 26 May 2018

Remediation

Upgrade node to version 16.20.1, 18.16.1, 20.3.1 or higher.

References

• GitHub Commit
• GitHub Release
• Node.js Announcement

Overview

node is a JavaScript runtime built on Chrome's V8 JavaScript engine.

Affected versions of this package are vulnerable to Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF) due to the handling of the hostname_ascii variable in the uv_getaddrinfo function. Attackers can exploit the creation of addresses that bypass developer checks and resolve to unintended IP addresses, to access internal APIs or for websites that allow users to have username.example.com pages, potentially exposing internal services to attacks.

Notes:

1. Depending on the build and runtime environment, it can lead to different exploitation scenarios:

The last byte of the hostname is a random value (0-256) but identical in successive calls, and the subsequent byte is a null byte. This situation can be exploited through brute force, especially in production environments where many Node.js instances run in parallel (pm2, kubernetes, etc).

Since the last byte is random, there are cases where it's one of 0-9a-f, which makes 16 possible cases (out of 256) useful for calling localhost (127.0.0.x) and potentially bypassing security measures on internal APIs. The same is true for calling other IP-ranges.

2. When deployed in an environment with multiple pods (e.g., Kubernetes), is vulnerable to the attack described above, potentially allowing unauthorized access to internal APIs.

Remediation

Upgrade node to version 18.19.1, 20.11.1, 21.6.2 or higher.

References

• GitHub Commit
• GitHub Commit
• GitHub Commit
• GitHub Commit

Overview

node is a JavaScript runtime built on Chrome's V8 JavaScript engine.

Affected versions of this package are vulnerable to Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection') due to the improper handling of batch files in child_process.spawn or child_process.spawnSync. An attacker can inject arbitrary commands and achieve code execution even if the shell option is not enabled.

Note: This vulnerability only affects Windows machines.

Remediation

Upgrade node to version 18.20.2, 20.12.2, 21.7.3 or higher.

References

• GitHub Commit
• Node.js