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Overview

Affected versions of this package are vulnerable to XML External Entity (XXE) Injection via the toXmlDocument function of XmlStringPrettyFormatter. An attacker can read arbitrary local files, perform server-side request forgery, or cause denial of service by providing crafted XML input containing external entities.

Note: This formatter is used by isXmlEqualTo(CharSequence) and xmlPrettyFormat(String) and could be exploited if untrusted XML input is processed by the methods.

Workaround

Replace use of isXmlEqualTo(CharSequence) with XMLUnit.

Details

XXE Injection is a type of attack against an application that parses XML input. XML is a markup language that defines a set of rules for encoding documents in a format that is both human-readable and machine-readable. By default, many XML processors allow specification of an external entity, a URI that is dereferenced and evaluated during XML processing. When an XML document is being parsed, the parser can make a request and include the content at the specified URI inside of the XML document.

Attacks can include disclosing local files, which may contain sensitive data such as passwords or private user data, using file: schemes or relative paths in the system identifier.

For example, below is a sample XML document, containing an XML element- username.

<xml>
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
   <username>John</username>
</xml>

An external XML entity - xxe, is defined using a system identifier and present within a DOCTYPE header. These entities can access local or remote content. For example the below code contains an external XML entity that would fetch the content of /etc/passwd and display it to the user rendered by username.

<xml>
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
<!DOCTYPE foo [
   <!ENTITY xxe SYSTEM "file:///etc/passwd" >]>
   <username>&xxe;</username>
</xml>

Other XXE Injection attacks can access local resources that may not stop returning data, possibly impacting application availability and leading to Denial of Service.

Remediation

Upgrade org.assertj:assertj-core to version 3.27.7 or higher.

References

• GitHub Commit
• GitHub Release

Overview

org.apache.logging.log4j:log4j-core is a logging library for Java.

Affected versions of this package are vulnerable to Improper Validation of Certificate with Host Mismatch due to the lack of TLS hostname verification in the SocketAppender component. An attacker can intercept or redirect log traffic by performing a man-in-the-middle attack if they are able to intercept or redirect network traffic between the client and the log receiver and can present a server certificate issued by a certification authority trusted by the configured trust store or the default Java trust store.

Workaround

This vulnerability can be mitigated by configuring the SocketAppender to use a private or restricted trust root to limit the set of trusted certificates.

Remediation

Upgrade org.apache.logging.log4j:log4j-core to version 2.25.3 or higher.

References

• Apache Advisory
• Apache Documentation
• Apache Documentation
• Apache Thread
• GitHub Commit
• GitHub PR

Overview

org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core is a Core Tomcat implementation.

Affected versions of this package are vulnerable to Improper Resource Shutdown or Release due to the delayed cleaning of multipart upload temporary files. An attacker can cause a denial-of-service by sending crafted requests that create temporary copies of uploaded parts faster than the garbage collector clears them, leading to resource exhaustion.

Note: Successful exploitation depends on the JVM settings, the application memory usage, and application load.

Details

Denial of Service (DoS) describes a family of attacks, all aimed at making a system inaccessible to its intended and legitimate users.

Unlike other vulnerabilities, DoS attacks usually do not aim at breaching security. Rather, they are focused on making websites and services unavailable to genuine users resulting in downtime.

One popular Denial of Service vulnerability is DDoS (a Distributed Denial of Service), an attack that attempts to clog network pipes to the system by generating a large volume of traffic from many machines.

When it comes to open source libraries, DoS vulnerabilities allow attackers to trigger such a crash or crippling of the service by using a flaw either in the application code or from the use of open source libraries.

Two common types of DoS vulnerabilities:

• High CPU/Memory Consumption- An attacker sending crafted requests that could cause the system to take a disproportionate amount of time to process. For example, commons-fileupload:commons-fileupload.

• Crash - An attacker sending crafted requests that could cause the system to crash. For Example, npm ws package

Remediation

Upgrade org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core to version 9.0.110, 10.1.47, 11.0.12 or higher.

References

• Apache Mail
• GitHub Commit
• GitHub Commit
• GitHub Commit
• Red Hat Bugzilla Bug
• Vulnerability Advisory

Overview

ch.qos.logback:logback-core is a logback-core module.

Affected versions of this package are vulnerable to External Initialization of Trusted Variables or Data Stores via the conditional processing of the logback.xml configuration file when both the Janino library and Spring Framework are present on the class path. An attacker can execute arbitrary code by compromising an existing configuration file or injecting a malicious environment variable before program execution. This is only exploitable if the attacker has write access to a configuration file or can set a malicious environment variable.

Remediation

Upgrade ch.qos.logback:logback-core to version 1.3.16, 1.5.19 or higher.

References

• GitHub Commit
• Release Notes
• Release Notes

Dual license: EPL-1.0, LGPL-2.1

Dual license: EPL-1.0, LGPL-2.1

EPL-1.0 license