Find, fix and prevent vulnerabilities in your code.
high severity
- Vulnerable module: ip
- Introduced through: snyk@1.410.2
Detailed paths
-
Introduced through: @coderbyheart/underline@coderbyheart/underline#c887e9d5d8c6ec7a7be9ff99625d03c6a33aa5b8 › snyk@1.410.2 › proxy-agent@3.1.1 › socks-proxy-agent@4.0.2 › socks@2.3.3 › ip@1.1.5Remediation: Upgrade to snyk@1.518.0.
-
Introduced through: @coderbyheart/underline@coderbyheart/underline#c887e9d5d8c6ec7a7be9ff99625d03c6a33aa5b8 › snyk@1.410.2 › proxy-agent@3.1.1 › pac-proxy-agent@3.0.1 › socks-proxy-agent@4.0.2 › socks@2.3.3 › ip@1.1.5Remediation: Upgrade to snyk@1.518.0.
Overview
ip is a Node library.
Affected versions of this package are vulnerable to Server-side Request Forgery (SSRF) via the isPublic
function, by failing to identify hex-encoded 0x7f.1
as equivalent to the private addess 127.0.0.1
. An attacker can expose sensitive information, interact with internal services, or exploit other vulnerabilities within the network by exploiting this vulnerability.
PoC
var ip = require('ip');
console.log(ip.isPublic("0x7f.1"));
//This returns true. It should be false because 0x7f.1 == 127.0.0.1 == 0177.1
Remediation
Upgrade ip
to version 1.1.9, 2.0.1 or higher.
References
high severity
- Vulnerable module: pac-resolver
- Introduced through: snyk@1.410.2
Detailed paths
-
Introduced through: @coderbyheart/underline@coderbyheart/underline#c887e9d5d8c6ec7a7be9ff99625d03c6a33aa5b8 › snyk@1.410.2 › proxy-agent@3.1.1 › pac-proxy-agent@3.0.1 › pac-resolver@3.0.0Remediation: Upgrade to snyk@1.518.0.
Overview
Affected versions of this package are vulnerable to Remote Code Execution (RCE). This can occur when used with untrusted input, due to unsafe PAC file handling.
In order to exploit this vulnerability in practice, this either requires an attacker on your local network, a specific vulnerable configuration, or some second vulnerability that allows an attacker to set your config values.
NOTE: The fix for this vulnerability is applied in the node-degenerator
library, a dependency is written by the same maintainer.
PoC
const pac = require('pac-resolver');
// Should keep running forever (if not vulnerable):
setInterval(() => {
console.log("Still running");
}, 1000);
// Parsing a malicious PAC file unexpectedly executes unsandboxed code:
pac(`
// Real PAC config:
function FindProxyForURL(url, host) {
return "DIRECT";
}
// But also run arbitrary code:
var f = this.constructor.constructor(\`
// Running outside the sandbox:
console.log('Read env vars:', process.env);
console.log('!!! PAC file is running arbitrary code !!!');
console.log('Can read & could exfiltrate env vars ^');
console.log('Can kill parsing process, like so:');
process.exit(100); // Kill the vulnerable process
// etc etc
\`);
f();
Remediation
Upgrade pac-resolver
to version 5.0.0 or higher.
References
high severity
- Vulnerable module: netmask
- Introduced through: snyk@1.410.2
Detailed paths
-
Introduced through: @coderbyheart/underline@coderbyheart/underline#c887e9d5d8c6ec7a7be9ff99625d03c6a33aa5b8 › snyk@1.410.2 › proxy-agent@3.1.1 › pac-proxy-agent@3.0.1 › pac-resolver@3.0.0 › netmask@1.0.6Remediation: Upgrade to snyk@1.518.0.
Overview
netmask is a library to parse IPv4 CIDR blocks.
Affected versions of this package are vulnerable to Server-side Request Forgery (SSRF). It incorrectly evaluates individual IPv4 octets that contain octal strings as left-stripped integers, leading to an inordinate attack surface on hundreds of thousands of projects that rely on netmask
to filter or evaluate IPv4 block ranges, both inbound and outbound.
For example, a remote unauthenticated attacker can request local resources using input data 0177.0.0.1
(127.0.0.1
), which netmask
evaluates as the public IP 177.0.0.1
.
Contrastingly, a remote authenticated or unauthenticated attacker can input the data 0127.0.0.01
(87.0.0.1
) as localhost, yet the input data is a public IP and can potentially cause local and remote file inclusion (LFI/RFI).
A remote authenticated or unauthenticated attacker can bypass packages that rely on netmask
to filter IP address blocks to reach intranets, VPNs, containers, adjacent VPC instances, or LAN hosts, using input data such as 012.0.0.1
(10.0.0.1
), which netmask
evaluates as 12.0.0.1
(public).
NOTE: This vulnerability has also been identified as: CVE-2021-29418
Remediation
Upgrade netmask
to version 2.0.1 or higher.
References
high severity
- Vulnerable module: netmask
- Introduced through: snyk@1.410.2
Detailed paths
-
Introduced through: @coderbyheart/underline@coderbyheart/underline#c887e9d5d8c6ec7a7be9ff99625d03c6a33aa5b8 › snyk@1.410.2 › proxy-agent@3.1.1 › pac-proxy-agent@3.0.1 › pac-resolver@3.0.0 › netmask@1.0.6Remediation: Upgrade to snyk@1.518.0.
Overview
netmask is a library to parse IPv4 CIDR blocks.
Affected versions of this package are vulnerable to Server-side Request Forgery (SSRF). It incorrectly evaluates individual IPv4 octets that contain octal strings as left-stripped integers, leading to an inordinate attack surface on hundreds of thousands of projects that rely on netmask
to filter or evaluate IPv4 block ranges, both inbound and outbound.
For example, a remote unauthenticated attacker can request local resources using input data 0177.0.0.1
(127.0.0.1
), which netmask
evaluates as the public IP 177.0.0.1
.
Contrastingly, a remote authenticated or unauthenticated attacker can input the data 0127.0.0.01
(87.0.0.1
) as localhost, yet the input data is a public IP and can potentially cause local and remote file inclusion (LFI/RFI).
A remote authenticated or unauthenticated attacker can bypass packages that rely on netmask
to filter IP address blocks to reach intranets, VPNs, containers, adjacent VPC instances, or LAN hosts, using input data such as 012.0.0.1
(10.0.0.1
), which netmask
evaluates as 12.0.0.1
(public).
NOTE: This vulnerability has also been identified as: CVE-2021-28918
Remediation
Upgrade netmask
to version 2.0.1 or higher.
References
high severity
- Vulnerable module: axios
- Introduced through: contentful@7.14.6
Detailed paths
-
Introduced through: @coderbyheart/underline@coderbyheart/underline#c887e9d5d8c6ec7a7be9ff99625d03c6a33aa5b8 › contentful@7.14.6 › axios@0.19.2Remediation: Upgrade to contentful@8.0.3.
Overview
axios is a promise-based HTTP client for the browser and Node.js.
Affected versions of this package are vulnerable to Regular Expression Denial of Service (ReDoS) via the trim
function.
PoC
// poc.js
var {trim} = require("axios/lib/utils");
function build_blank (n) {
var ret = "1"
for (var i = 0; i < n; i++) {
ret += " "
}
return ret + "1";
}
var time = Date.now();
trim(build_blank(50000))
var time_cost = Date.now() - time;
console.log("time_cost: " + time_cost)
Details
Denial of Service (DoS) describes a family of attacks, all aimed at making a system inaccessible to its original and legitimate users. There are many types of DoS attacks, ranging from trying to clog the network pipes to the system by generating a large volume of traffic from many machines (a Distributed Denial of Service - DDoS - attack) to sending crafted requests that cause a system to crash or take a disproportional amount of time to process.
The Regular expression Denial of Service (ReDoS) is a type of Denial of Service attack. Regular expressions are incredibly powerful, but they aren't very intuitive and can ultimately end up making it easy for attackers to take your site down.
Let’s take the following regular expression as an example:
regex = /A(B|C+)+D/
This regular expression accomplishes the following:
A
The string must start with the letter 'A'(B|C+)+
The string must then follow the letter A with either the letter 'B' or some number of occurrences of the letter 'C' (the+
matches one or more times). The+
at the end of this section states that we can look for one or more matches of this section.D
Finally, we ensure this section of the string ends with a 'D'
The expression would match inputs such as ABBD
, ABCCCCD
, ABCBCCCD
and ACCCCCD
It most cases, it doesn't take very long for a regex engine to find a match:
$ time node -e '/A(B|C+)+D/.test("ACCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCD")'
0.04s user 0.01s system 95% cpu 0.052 total
$ time node -e '/A(B|C+)+D/.test("ACCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCX")'
1.79s user 0.02s system 99% cpu 1.812 total
The entire process of testing it against a 30 characters long string takes around ~52ms. But when given an invalid string, it takes nearly two seconds to complete the test, over ten times as long as it took to test a valid string. The dramatic difference is due to the way regular expressions get evaluated.
Most Regex engines will work very similarly (with minor differences). The engine will match the first possible way to accept the current character and proceed to the next one. If it then fails to match the next one, it will backtrack and see if there was another way to digest the previous character. If it goes too far down the rabbit hole only to find out the string doesn’t match in the end, and if many characters have multiple valid regex paths, the number of backtracking steps can become very large, resulting in what is known as catastrophic backtracking.
Let's look at how our expression runs into this problem, using a shorter string: "ACCCX". While it seems fairly straightforward, there are still four different ways that the engine could match those three C's:
- CCC
- CC+C
- C+CC
- C+C+C.
The engine has to try each of those combinations to see if any of them potentially match against the expression. When you combine that with the other steps the engine must take, we can use RegEx 101 debugger to see the engine has to take a total of 38 steps before it can determine the string doesn't match.
From there, the number of steps the engine must use to validate a string just continues to grow.
String | Number of C's | Number of steps |
---|---|---|
ACCCX | 3 | 38 |
ACCCCX | 4 | 71 |
ACCCCCX | 5 | 136 |
ACCCCCCCCCCCCCCX | 14 | 65,553 |
By the time the string includes 14 C's, the engine has to take over 65,000 steps just to see if the string is valid. These extreme situations can cause them to work very slowly (exponentially related to input size, as shown above), allowing an attacker to exploit this and can cause the service to excessively consume CPU, resulting in a Denial of Service.
Remediation
Upgrade axios
to version 0.21.3 or higher.
References
high severity
- Vulnerable module: snyk-gradle-plugin
- Introduced through: snyk@1.410.2
Detailed paths
-
Introduced through: @coderbyheart/underline@coderbyheart/underline#c887e9d5d8c6ec7a7be9ff99625d03c6a33aa5b8 › snyk@1.410.2 › snyk-gradle-plugin@3.9.0Remediation: Upgrade to snyk@1.685.0.
Overview
snyk-gradle-plugin is a plugin for the Snyk CLI tool, providing dependency metadata for Gradle projects.
Affected versions of this package are vulnerable to Code Injection when scanning an untrusted Gradle project. The vulnerability can be triggered if Snyk test is run inside the untrusted project due to the improper handling of the current working directory name. Snyk recommends only scanning trusted projects.
Note:
This is only a plugin to be used with the Snyk CLI tool. Considering that the user has to use Snyk CLI to run Snyk Test on a specific gradle project, the attack complexity of this vulnerability is High.
Remediation
Upgrade snyk-gradle-plugin
to version 4.5.0 or higher.
References
high severity
- Vulnerable module: snyk-php-plugin
- Introduced through: snyk@1.410.2
Detailed paths
-
Introduced through: @coderbyheart/underline@coderbyheart/underline#c887e9d5d8c6ec7a7be9ff99625d03c6a33aa5b8 › snyk@1.410.2 › snyk-php-plugin@1.9.2Remediation: Upgrade to snyk@1.685.0.
Overview
snyk-php-plugin is a plugin for the Snyk CLI tool, providing dependency metadata for PHP projects.
Affected versions of this package are vulnerable to Code Injection when scanning an untrusted PHP project. The vulnerability can be triggered if Snyk test is run inside the untrusted project due to the improper handling of the current working directory name. Snyk recommends only scanning trusted projects.
Note:
This is only a plugin to be used with the Snyk CLI tool. Considering that the user has to use Snyk CLI to run Snyk Test on a specific php project, the attack complexity of this vulnerability is High.
Remediation
Upgrade snyk-php-plugin
to version 1.10.0 or higher.
References
high severity
- Vulnerable module: ssh2
- Introduced through: snyk@1.410.2
Detailed paths
-
Introduced through: @coderbyheart/underline@coderbyheart/underline#c887e9d5d8c6ec7a7be9ff99625d03c6a33aa5b8 › snyk@1.410.2 › snyk-docker-plugin@3.26.2 › docker-modem@2.1.3 › ssh2@0.8.9Remediation: Upgrade to snyk@1.685.0.
Overview
ssh2 is a SSH2 client and server modules written in pure JavaScript for node.js.
Affected versions of this package are vulnerable to Command Injection. The issue only exists on Windows. This issue may lead to remote code execution if a client of the library calls the vulnerable method with untrusted input.
Remediation
Upgrade ssh2
to version 1.0.0 or higher.
References
high severity
- Vulnerable module: follow-redirects
- Introduced through: contentful@7.14.6
Detailed paths
-
Introduced through: @coderbyheart/underline@coderbyheart/underline#c887e9d5d8c6ec7a7be9ff99625d03c6a33aa5b8 › contentful@7.14.6 › axios@0.19.2 › follow-redirects@1.5.10Remediation: Upgrade to contentful@7.14.7.
Overview
Affected versions of this package are vulnerable to Improper Handling of Extra Parameters due to the improper handling of URLs by the url.parse()
function. When new URL()
throws an error, it can be manipulated to misinterpret the hostname. An attacker could exploit this weakness to redirect traffic to a malicious site, potentially leading to information disclosure, phishing attacks, or other security breaches.
PoC
# Case 1 : Bypassing localhost restriction
let url = 'http://[localhost]/admin';
try{
new URL(url); // ERROR : Invalid URL
}catch{
url.parse(url); // -> http://localhost/admin
}
# Case 2 : Bypassing domain restriction
let url = 'http://attacker.domain*.allowed.domain:a';
try{
new URL(url); // ERROR : Invalid URL
}catch{
url.parse(url); // -> http://attacker.domain/*.allowed.domain:a
}
Remediation
Upgrade follow-redirects
to version 1.15.4 or higher.
References
high severity
- Vulnerable module: lodash.set
- Introduced through: snyk@1.410.2
Detailed paths
-
Introduced through: @coderbyheart/underline@coderbyheart/underline#c887e9d5d8c6ec7a7be9ff99625d03c6a33aa5b8 › snyk@1.410.2 › snyk-nodejs-lockfile-parser@1.28.1 › lodash.set@4.3.2
-
Introduced through: @coderbyheart/underline@coderbyheart/underline#c887e9d5d8c6ec7a7be9ff99625d03c6a33aa5b8 › snyk@1.410.2 › snyk-resolve-deps@4.4.0 › lodash.set@4.3.2
-
Introduced through: @coderbyheart/underline@coderbyheart/underline#c887e9d5d8c6ec7a7be9ff99625d03c6a33aa5b8 › snyk@1.410.2 › snyk-docker-plugin@3.26.2 › snyk-nodejs-lockfile-parser@1.29.0 › lodash.set@4.3.2
-
Introduced through: @coderbyheart/underline@coderbyheart/underline#c887e9d5d8c6ec7a7be9ff99625d03c6a33aa5b8 › snyk@1.410.2 › snyk-nuget-plugin@1.19.3 › dotnet-deps-parser@5.0.0 › lodash.set@4.3.2
Overview
lodash.set is a lodash method _.set exported as a Node.js module.
Affected versions of this package are vulnerable to Prototype Pollution via the set
and setwith
functions due to improper user input sanitization.
Note
lodash.set
is not maintained for a long time. It is recommended to use lodash
library, which contains the fix since version 4.17.17.
PoC
lod = require('lodash')
lod.set({}, "__proto__[test2]", "456")
console.log(Object.prototype)
Details
Prototype Pollution is a vulnerability affecting JavaScript. Prototype Pollution refers to the ability to inject properties into existing JavaScript language construct prototypes, such as objects. JavaScript allows all Object attributes to be altered, including their magical attributes such as __proto__
, constructor
and prototype
. An attacker manipulates these attributes to overwrite, or pollute, a JavaScript application object prototype of the base object by injecting other values. Properties on the Object.prototype
are then inherited by all the JavaScript objects through the prototype chain. When that happens, this leads to either denial of service by triggering JavaScript exceptions, or it tampers with the application source code to force the code path that the attacker injects, thereby leading to remote code execution.
There are two main ways in which the pollution of prototypes occurs:
Unsafe
Object
recursive mergeProperty definition by path
Unsafe Object recursive merge
The logic of a vulnerable recursive merge function follows the following high-level model:
merge (target, source)
foreach property of source
if property exists and is an object on both the target and the source
merge(target[property], source[property])
else
target[property] = source[property]
When the source object contains a property named __proto__
defined with Object.defineProperty()
, the condition that checks if the property exists and is an object on both the target and the source passes and the merge recurses with the target, being the prototype of Object
and the source of Object
as defined by the attacker. Properties are then copied on the Object
prototype.
Clone operations are a special sub-class of unsafe recursive merges, which occur when a recursive merge is conducted on an empty object: merge({},source)
.
lodash
and Hoek
are examples of libraries susceptible to recursive merge attacks.
Property definition by path
There are a few JavaScript libraries that use an API to define property values on an object based on a given path. The function that is generally affected contains this signature: theFunction(object, path, value)
If the attacker can control the value of “path”, they can set this value to __proto__.myValue
. myValue
is then assigned to the prototype of the class of the object.
Types of attacks
There are a few methods by which Prototype Pollution can be manipulated:
Type | Origin | Short description |
---|---|---|
Denial of service (DoS) | Client | This is the most likely attack. DoS occurs when Object holds generic functions that are implicitly called for various operations (for example, toString and valueOf ). The attacker pollutes Object.prototype.someattr and alters its state to an unexpected value such as Int or Object . In this case, the code fails and is likely to cause a denial of service. For example: if an attacker pollutes Object.prototype.toString by defining it as an integer, if the codebase at any point was reliant on someobject.toString() it would fail. |
Remote Code Execution | Client | Remote code execution is generally only possible in cases where the codebase evaluates a specific attribute of an object, and then executes that evaluation. For example: eval(someobject.someattr) . In this case, if the attacker pollutes Object.prototype.someattr they are likely to be able to leverage this in order to execute code. |
Property Injection | Client | The attacker pollutes properties that the codebase relies on for their informative value, including security properties such as cookies or tokens. For example: if a codebase checks privileges for someuser.isAdmin , then when the attacker pollutes Object.prototype.isAdmin and sets it to equal true , they can then achieve admin privileges. |
Affected environments
The following environments are susceptible to a Prototype Pollution attack:
Application server
Web server
Web browser
How to prevent
Freeze the prototype— use
Object.freeze (Object.prototype)
.Require schema validation of JSON input.
Avoid using unsafe recursive merge functions.
Consider using objects without prototypes (for example,
Object.create(null)
), breaking the prototype chain and preventing pollution.As a best practice use
Map
instead ofObject
.
For more information on this vulnerability type:
Arteau, Oliver. “JavaScript prototype pollution attack in NodeJS application.” GitHub, 26 May 2018
Remediation
There is no fixed version for lodash.set
.
References
high severity
- Vulnerable module: nconf
- Introduced through: snyk@1.410.2
Detailed paths
-
Introduced through: @coderbyheart/underline@coderbyheart/underline#c887e9d5d8c6ec7a7be9ff99625d03c6a33aa5b8 › snyk@1.410.2 › snyk-config@3.1.1 › nconf@0.10.0Remediation: Upgrade to snyk@1.465.0.
-
Introduced through: @coderbyheart/underline@coderbyheart/underline#c887e9d5d8c6ec7a7be9ff99625d03c6a33aa5b8 › snyk@1.410.2 › snyk-nodejs-lockfile-parser@1.28.1 › snyk-config@3.1.1 › nconf@0.10.0Remediation: Upgrade to snyk@1.425.4.
-
Introduced through: @coderbyheart/underline@coderbyheart/underline#c887e9d5d8c6ec7a7be9ff99625d03c6a33aa5b8 › snyk@1.410.2 › snyk-docker-plugin@3.26.2 › snyk-nodejs-lockfile-parser@1.29.0 › snyk-config@3.1.1 › nconf@0.10.0Remediation: Upgrade to snyk@1.425.4.
-
Introduced through: @coderbyheart/underline@coderbyheart/underline#c887e9d5d8c6ec7a7be9ff99625d03c6a33aa5b8 › snyk@1.410.2 › snyk-gradle-plugin@3.9.0 › @snyk/java-call-graph-builder@1.16.0 › snyk-config@3.1.1 › nconf@0.10.0Remediation: Upgrade to snyk@1.425.4.
-
Introduced through: @coderbyheart/underline@coderbyheart/underline#c887e9d5d8c6ec7a7be9ff99625d03c6a33aa5b8 › snyk@1.410.2 › snyk-mvn-plugin@2.22.0 › @snyk/java-call-graph-builder@1.16.0 › snyk-config@3.1.1 › nconf@0.10.0Remediation: Upgrade to snyk@1.425.4.
Overview
nconf is a Hierarchical node.js configuration with files, environment variables, command-line arguments, and atomic object merging.
Affected versions of this package are vulnerable to Prototype Pollution. When using the memory
engine, it is possible to store a nested JSON representation of the configuration. The .set()
function, that is responsible for setting the configuration properties, is vulnerable to Prototype Pollution. By providing a crafted property, it is possible to modify the properties on the Object.prototype
.
PoC
const nconf = require('nconf');
nconf.use('memory')
console.log({}.polluted)
nconf.set('__proto__:polluted', 'yes')
console.log({}.polluted)
Details
Prototype Pollution is a vulnerability affecting JavaScript. Prototype Pollution refers to the ability to inject properties into existing JavaScript language construct prototypes, such as objects. JavaScript allows all Object attributes to be altered, including their magical attributes such as __proto__
, constructor
and prototype
. An attacker manipulates these attributes to overwrite, or pollute, a JavaScript application object prototype of the base object by injecting other values. Properties on the Object.prototype
are then inherited by all the JavaScript objects through the prototype chain. When that happens, this leads to either denial of service by triggering JavaScript exceptions, or it tampers with the application source code to force the code path that the attacker injects, thereby leading to remote code execution.
There are two main ways in which the pollution of prototypes occurs:
Unsafe
Object
recursive mergeProperty definition by path
Unsafe Object recursive merge
The logic of a vulnerable recursive merge function follows the following high-level model:
merge (target, source)
foreach property of source
if property exists and is an object on both the target and the source
merge(target[property], source[property])
else
target[property] = source[property]
When the source object contains a property named __proto__
defined with Object.defineProperty()
, the condition that checks if the property exists and is an object on both the target and the source passes and the merge recurses with the target, being the prototype of Object
and the source of Object
as defined by the attacker. Properties are then copied on the Object
prototype.
Clone operations are a special sub-class of unsafe recursive merges, which occur when a recursive merge is conducted on an empty object: merge({},source)
.
lodash
and Hoek
are examples of libraries susceptible to recursive merge attacks.
Property definition by path
There are a few JavaScript libraries that use an API to define property values on an object based on a given path. The function that is generally affected contains this signature: theFunction(object, path, value)
If the attacker can control the value of “path”, they can set this value to __proto__.myValue
. myValue
is then assigned to the prototype of the class of the object.
Types of attacks
There are a few methods by which Prototype Pollution can be manipulated:
Type | Origin | Short description |
---|---|---|
Denial of service (DoS) | Client | This is the most likely attack. DoS occurs when Object holds generic functions that are implicitly called for various operations (for example, toString and valueOf ). The attacker pollutes Object.prototype.someattr and alters its state to an unexpected value such as Int or Object . In this case, the code fails and is likely to cause a denial of service. For example: if an attacker pollutes Object.prototype.toString by defining it as an integer, if the codebase at any point was reliant on someobject.toString() it would fail. |
Remote Code Execution | Client | Remote code execution is generally only possible in cases where the codebase evaluates a specific attribute of an object, and then executes that evaluation. For example: eval(someobject.someattr) . In this case, if the attacker pollutes Object.prototype.someattr they are likely to be able to leverage this in order to execute code. |
Property Injection | Client | The attacker pollutes properties that the codebase relies on for their informative value, including security properties such as cookies or tokens. For example: if a codebase checks privileges for someuser.isAdmin , then when the attacker pollutes Object.prototype.isAdmin and sets it to equal true , they can then achieve admin privileges. |
Affected environments
The following environments are susceptible to a Prototype Pollution attack:
Application server
Web server
Web browser
How to prevent
Freeze the prototype— use
Object.freeze (Object.prototype)
.Require schema validation of JSON input.
Avoid using unsafe recursive merge functions.
Consider using objects without prototypes (for example,
Object.create(null)
), breaking the prototype chain and preventing pollution.As a best practice use
Map
instead ofObject
.
For more information on this vulnerability type:
Arteau, Oliver. “JavaScript prototype pollution attack in NodeJS application.” GitHub, 26 May 2018
Remediation
Upgrade nconf
to version 0.11.4 or higher.
References
high severity
- Vulnerable module: axios
- Introduced through: contentful@7.14.6
Detailed paths
-
Introduced through: @coderbyheart/underline@coderbyheart/underline#c887e9d5d8c6ec7a7be9ff99625d03c6a33aa5b8 › contentful@7.14.6 › axios@0.19.2Remediation: Upgrade to contentful@9.3.6.
Overview
axios is a promise-based HTTP client for the browser and Node.js.
Affected versions of this package are vulnerable to Cross-site Request Forgery (CSRF) due to inserting the X-XSRF-TOKEN
header using the secret XSRF-TOKEN
cookie value in all requests to any server when the XSRF-TOKEN
0 cookie is available, and the withCredentials
setting is turned on. If a malicious user manages to obtain this value, it can potentially lead to the XSRF defence mechanism bypass.
Workaround
Users should change the default XSRF-TOKEN
cookie name in the Axios configuration and manually include the corresponding header only in the specific places where it's necessary.
Remediation
Upgrade axios
to version 0.28.0, 1.6.0 or higher.
References
medium severity
- Vulnerable module: tmp
- Introduced through: snyk@1.410.2
Detailed paths
-
Introduced through: @coderbyheart/underline@coderbyheart/underline#c887e9d5d8c6ec7a7be9ff99625d03c6a33aa5b8 › snyk@1.410.2 › snyk-python-plugin@1.17.1 › tmp@0.0.33
-
Introduced through: @coderbyheart/underline@coderbyheart/underline#c887e9d5d8c6ec7a7be9ff99625d03c6a33aa5b8 › snyk@1.410.2 › inquirer@7.3.3 › external-editor@3.1.0 › tmp@0.0.33
-
Introduced through: @coderbyheart/underline@coderbyheart/underline#c887e9d5d8c6ec7a7be9ff99625d03c6a33aa5b8 › snyk@1.410.2 › snyk-go-plugin@1.16.2 › tmp@0.2.1
-
Introduced through: @coderbyheart/underline@coderbyheart/underline#c887e9d5d8c6ec7a7be9ff99625d03c6a33aa5b8 › snyk@1.410.2 › snyk-gradle-plugin@3.9.0 › tmp@0.2.1
-
Introduced through: @coderbyheart/underline@coderbyheart/underline#c887e9d5d8c6ec7a7be9ff99625d03c6a33aa5b8 › snyk@1.410.2 › snyk-mvn-plugin@2.22.0 › tmp@0.1.0Remediation: Upgrade to snyk@1.685.0.
-
Introduced through: @coderbyheart/underline@coderbyheart/underline#c887e9d5d8c6ec7a7be9ff99625d03c6a33aa5b8 › snyk@1.410.2 › snyk-sbt-plugin@2.11.0 › tmp@0.1.0
Overview
Affected versions of this package are vulnerable to Symlink Attack via the dir
parameter. An attacker can cause files or directories to be written to arbitrary locations by supplying a crafted symbolic link that resolves outside the intended temporary directory.
PoC
const tmp = require('tmp');
const tmpobj = tmp.fileSync({ 'dir': 'evil-dir'});
console.log('File: ', tmpobj.name);
try {
tmp.fileSync({ 'dir': 'mydir1'});
} catch (err) {
console.log('test 1:', err.message)
}
try {
tmp.fileSync({ 'dir': '/foo'});
} catch (err) {
console.log('test 2:', err.message)
}
try {
const fs = require('node:fs');
const resolved = fs.realpathSync('/tmp/evil-dir');
tmp.fileSync({ 'dir': resolved});
} catch (err) {
console.log('test 3:', err.message)
}
Remediation
Upgrade tmp
to version 0.2.4 or higher.
References
medium severity
- Vulnerable module: follow-redirects
- Introduced through: contentful@7.14.6
Detailed paths
-
Introduced through: @coderbyheart/underline@coderbyheart/underline#c887e9d5d8c6ec7a7be9ff99625d03c6a33aa5b8 › contentful@7.14.6 › axios@0.19.2 › follow-redirects@1.5.10Remediation: Upgrade to contentful@7.14.7.
Overview
Affected versions of this package are vulnerable to Information Exposure due to the handling of the Proxy-Authorization
header across hosts. When using a dependent library, it only clears the authorization header during cross-domain redirects but allows the proxy-authentication header, which contains credentials, to persist. This behavior may lead to the unintended leakage of credentials if an attacker can trigger a cross-domain redirect and capture the persistent proxy-authentication header.
PoC
const axios = require('axios');
axios.get('http://127.0.0.1:10081/',{
headers: {
'AuThorization': 'Rear Test',
'ProXy-AuthoriZation': 'Rear Test',
'coOkie': 't=1'
}
}).then(function (response) {
console.log(response);
})
Remediation
Upgrade follow-redirects
to version 1.15.6 or higher.
References
medium severity
- Vulnerable module: ip
- Introduced through: snyk@1.410.2
Detailed paths
-
Introduced through: @coderbyheart/underline@coderbyheart/underline#c887e9d5d8c6ec7a7be9ff99625d03c6a33aa5b8 › snyk@1.410.2 › proxy-agent@3.1.1 › pac-proxy-agent@3.0.1 › pac-resolver@3.0.0 › ip@1.1.9
-
Introduced through: @coderbyheart/underline@coderbyheart/underline#c887e9d5d8c6ec7a7be9ff99625d03c6a33aa5b8 › snyk@1.410.2 › proxy-agent@3.1.1 › socks-proxy-agent@4.0.2 › socks@2.3.3 › ip@1.1.5
-
Introduced through: @coderbyheart/underline@coderbyheart/underline#c887e9d5d8c6ec7a7be9ff99625d03c6a33aa5b8 › snyk@1.410.2 › proxy-agent@3.1.1 › pac-proxy-agent@3.0.1 › socks-proxy-agent@4.0.2 › socks@2.3.3 › ip@1.1.5
Overview
ip is a Node library.
Affected versions of this package are vulnerable to Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF) via the isPublic
function, which identifies some private IP addresses as public addresses due to improper parsing of the input.
An attacker can manipulate a system that uses isLoopback()
, isPrivate()
and isPublic
functions to guard outgoing network requests to treat certain IP addresses as globally routable by supplying specially crafted IP addresses.
Note
This vulnerability derived from an incomplete fix for CVE-2023-42282
Remediation
There is no fixed version for ip
.
References
medium severity
- Vulnerable module: snyk
- Introduced through: snyk@1.410.2
Detailed paths
-
Introduced through: @coderbyheart/underline@coderbyheart/underline#c887e9d5d8c6ec7a7be9ff99625d03c6a33aa5b8 › snyk@1.410.2Remediation: Upgrade to snyk@1.996.0.
Overview
snyk is an advanced tool that scans and monitors projects for security vulnerabilities.
Affected versions of this package are vulnerable to Command Injection via the snyk-go-plugin
which is used by the Snyk CLI tool.
A successful exploit, allows attackers to run arbitrary commands on the host system where the Snyk CLI is installed. In order to exploit this vulnerability, a target would have to execute the “snyk test” command on untrusted files. As developers are unlikely to run "snyk test" on untrusted files, an attacker might have to trick them into opening a malicious file before running "snyk test".
Remediation
Upgrade snyk
to version 1.996.0 or higher.
References
medium severity
- Vulnerable module: snyk-go-plugin
- Introduced through: snyk@1.410.2
Detailed paths
-
Introduced through: @coderbyheart/underline@coderbyheart/underline#c887e9d5d8c6ec7a7be9ff99625d03c6a33aa5b8 › snyk@1.410.2 › snyk-go-plugin@1.16.2Remediation: Upgrade to snyk@1.685.0.
Overview
snyk-go-plugin is a Snyk plugin that provides metadata for Golang projects.
Affected versions of this package are vulnerable to Command Injection via the snyk-go-plugin
which is used by the Snyk CLI tool.
A successful exploit, allows attackers to run arbitrary commands on the host system where the Snyk CLI is installed. In order to exploit this vulnerability, a target would have to execute the “snyk test” command on untrusted files. As developers are unlikely to run "snyk test" on untrusted files, an attacker might have to trick them into opening a malicious file before running "snyk test".
Remediation
Upgrade snyk-go-plugin
to version 1.19.1 or higher.
References
medium severity
- Vulnerable module: jszip
- Introduced through: snyk@1.410.2
Detailed paths
-
Introduced through: @coderbyheart/underline@coderbyheart/underline#c887e9d5d8c6ec7a7be9ff99625d03c6a33aa5b8 › snyk@1.410.2 › snyk-nuget-plugin@1.19.3 › jszip@3.4.0Remediation: Upgrade to snyk@1.685.0.
Overview
jszip is a Create, read and edit .zip files with JavaScript http://stuartk.com/jszip
Affected versions of this package are vulnerable to Arbitrary File Write via Archive Extraction (Zip Slip) due to improper sanitization of filenames when files are loaded with the loadAsync
method.
Details
It is exploited using a specially crafted zip archive, that holds path traversal filenames. When exploited, a filename in a malicious archive is concatenated to the target extraction directory, which results in the final path ending up outside of the target folder. For instance, a zip may hold a file with a "../../file.exe" location and thus break out of the target folder. If an executable or a configuration file is overwritten with a file containing malicious code, the problem can turn into an arbitrary code execution issue quite easily.
The following is an example of a zip archive with one benign file and one malicious file. Extracting the malicous file will result in traversing out of the target folder, ending up in /root/.ssh/
overwriting the authorized_keys
file:
+2018-04-15 22:04:29 ..... 19 19 good.txt
+2018-04-15 22:04:42 ..... 20 20 ../../../../../../root/.ssh/authorized_keys
Remediation
Upgrade jszip
to version 2.7.0, 3.8.0 or higher.
References
medium severity
- Vulnerable module: axios
- Introduced through: contentful@7.14.6
Detailed paths
-
Introduced through: @coderbyheart/underline@coderbyheart/underline#c887e9d5d8c6ec7a7be9ff99625d03c6a33aa5b8 › contentful@7.14.6 › axios@0.19.2Remediation: Upgrade to contentful@9.3.6.
Overview
axios is a promise-based HTTP client for the browser and Node.js.
Affected versions of this package are vulnerable to Server-side Request Forgery (SSRF) due to the allowAbsoluteUrls
attribute being ignored in the call to the buildFullPath
function from the HTTP adapter. An attacker could launch SSRF attacks or exfiltrate sensitive data by tricking applications into sending requests to malicious endpoints.
PoC
const axios = require('axios');
const client = axios.create({baseURL: 'http://example.com/', allowAbsoluteUrls: false});
client.get('http://evil.com');
Remediation
Upgrade axios
to version 0.30.0, 1.8.2 or higher.
References
medium severity
- Vulnerable module: axios
- Introduced through: contentful@7.14.6
Detailed paths
-
Introduced through: @coderbyheart/underline@coderbyheart/underline#c887e9d5d8c6ec7a7be9ff99625d03c6a33aa5b8 › contentful@7.14.6 › axios@0.19.2Remediation: Upgrade to contentful@9.3.6.
Overview
axios is a promise-based HTTP client for the browser and Node.js.
Affected versions of this package are vulnerable to Server-side Request Forgery (SSRF) due to not setting allowAbsoluteUrls
to false
by default when processing a requested URL in buildFullPath()
. It may not be obvious that this value is being used with the less safe default, and URLs that are expected to be blocked may be accepted. This is a bypass of the fix for the vulnerability described in CVE-2025-27152.
Remediation
Upgrade axios
to version 0.30.0, 1.8.3 or higher.
References
medium severity
- Vulnerable module: inflight
- Introduced through: snyk@1.410.2
Detailed paths
-
Introduced through: @coderbyheart/underline@coderbyheart/underline#c887e9d5d8c6ec7a7be9ff99625d03c6a33aa5b8 › snyk@1.410.2 › glob@7.2.3 › inflight@1.0.6
-
Introduced through: @coderbyheart/underline@coderbyheart/underline#c887e9d5d8c6ec7a7be9ff99625d03c6a33aa5b8 › snyk@1.410.2 › snyk-mvn-plugin@2.22.0 › glob@7.2.3 › inflight@1.0.6
-
Introduced through: @coderbyheart/underline@coderbyheart/underline#c887e9d5d8c6ec7a7be9ff99625d03c6a33aa5b8 › snyk@1.410.2 › snyk-gradle-plugin@3.9.0 › @snyk/java-call-graph-builder@1.16.0 › glob@7.2.3 › inflight@1.0.6
-
Introduced through: @coderbyheart/underline@coderbyheart/underline#c887e9d5d8c6ec7a7be9ff99625d03c6a33aa5b8 › snyk@1.410.2 › snyk-mvn-plugin@2.22.0 › @snyk/java-call-graph-builder@1.16.0 › glob@7.2.3 › inflight@1.0.6
-
Introduced through: @coderbyheart/underline@coderbyheart/underline#c887e9d5d8c6ec7a7be9ff99625d03c6a33aa5b8 › snyk@1.410.2 › snyk-go-plugin@1.16.2 › tmp@0.2.1 › rimraf@3.0.2 › glob@7.2.3 › inflight@1.0.6
-
Introduced through: @coderbyheart/underline@coderbyheart/underline#c887e9d5d8c6ec7a7be9ff99625d03c6a33aa5b8 › snyk@1.410.2 › snyk-gradle-plugin@3.9.0 › tmp@0.2.1 › rimraf@3.0.2 › glob@7.2.3 › inflight@1.0.6
-
Introduced through: @coderbyheart/underline@coderbyheart/underline#c887e9d5d8c6ec7a7be9ff99625d03c6a33aa5b8 › snyk@1.410.2 › snyk-mvn-plugin@2.22.0 › tmp@0.1.0 › rimraf@2.7.1 › glob@7.2.3 › inflight@1.0.6
-
Introduced through: @coderbyheart/underline@coderbyheart/underline#c887e9d5d8c6ec7a7be9ff99625d03c6a33aa5b8 › snyk@1.410.2 › snyk-sbt-plugin@2.11.0 › tmp@0.1.0 › rimraf@2.7.1 › glob@7.2.3 › inflight@1.0.6
Overview
Affected versions of this package are vulnerable to Missing Release of Resource after Effective Lifetime via the makeres
function due to improperly deleting keys from the reqs
object after execution of callbacks. This behavior causes the keys to remain in the reqs
object, which leads to resource exhaustion.
Exploiting this vulnerability results in crashing the node
process or in the application crash.
Note: This library is not maintained, and currently, there is no fix for this issue. To overcome this vulnerability, several dependent packages have eliminated the use of this library.
To trigger the memory leak, an attacker would need to have the ability to execute or influence the asynchronous operations that use the inflight module within the application. This typically requires access to the internal workings of the server or application, which is not commonly exposed to remote users. Therefore, “Attack vector” is marked as “Local”.
PoC
const inflight = require('inflight');
function testInflight() {
let i = 0;
function scheduleNext() {
let key = `key-${i++}`;
const callback = () => {
};
for (let j = 0; j < 1000000; j++) {
inflight(key, callback);
}
setImmediate(scheduleNext);
}
if (i % 100 === 0) {
console.log(process.memoryUsage());
}
scheduleNext();
}
testInflight();
Remediation
There is no fixed version for inflight
.
References
medium severity
- Vulnerable module: axios
- Introduced through: contentful@7.14.6
Detailed paths
-
Introduced through: @coderbyheart/underline@coderbyheart/underline#c887e9d5d8c6ec7a7be9ff99625d03c6a33aa5b8 › contentful@7.14.6 › axios@0.19.2Remediation: Upgrade to contentful@8.0.3.
Overview
axios is a promise-based HTTP client for the browser and Node.js.
Affected versions of this package are vulnerable to Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF). An attacker is able to bypass a proxy by providing a URL that responds with a redirect to a restricted host or IP address.
Remediation
Upgrade axios
to version 0.21.1 or higher.
References
medium severity
- Vulnerable module: snyk
- Introduced through: snyk@1.410.2
Detailed paths
-
Introduced through: @coderbyheart/underline@coderbyheart/underline#c887e9d5d8c6ec7a7be9ff99625d03c6a33aa5b8 › snyk@1.410.2Remediation: Upgrade to snyk@1.1064.0.
Overview
snyk is a advanced tool that scans and monitors projects for security vulnerabilities.
Affected versions of this package are vulnerable to Code Injection.
when analyzing a project. An attacker who can convince a user to scan a malicious project can include
commands in a build file such as build.gradle
or gradle-wrapper.jar
, which will be executed with the privileges of the application.
This vulnerability may be triggered when running the the CLI tool directly, or when running a scan with one of the IDE plugins that invoke the Snyk CLI.
Successful exploitation of this issue would likely require some level of social engineering - to coerce an untrusted project to be downloaded and analyzed via the Snyk CLI or opened in an IDE where a Snyk IDE plugin is installed and enabled. Additionally, if the IDE has a Trust feature then the target folder must be marked as ‘trusted’ in order to be vulnerable.
NOTE: This issue is independent of the one reported in CVE-2022-40764, and upgrading to a fixed version for this addresses that issue as well.
The affected IDE plugins and versions are:
- VS Code - Affected: <=1.8.0, Fixed: 1.9.0
- IntelliJ - Affected: <=2.4.47, Fixed: 2.4.48
- Visual Studio - Affected: <=1.1.30, Fixed: 1.1.31
- Eclipse - Affected: <=v20221115, Fixed: v20221130
- Language Server - Affected: <=v20221109, Fixed: v20221130
Remediation
Upgrade snyk
to version 1.1064.0 or higher.
References
medium severity
- Vulnerable module: got
- Introduced through: snyk@1.410.2
Detailed paths
-
Introduced through: @coderbyheart/underline@coderbyheart/underline#c887e9d5d8c6ec7a7be9ff99625d03c6a33aa5b8 › snyk@1.410.2 › snyk-nodejs-lockfile-parser@1.28.1 › got@11.4.0Remediation: Upgrade to snyk@1.685.0.
-
Introduced through: @coderbyheart/underline@coderbyheart/underline#c887e9d5d8c6ec7a7be9ff99625d03c6a33aa5b8 › snyk@1.410.2 › snyk-docker-plugin@3.26.2 › snyk-nodejs-lockfile-parser@1.29.0 › got@11.4.0Remediation: Upgrade to snyk@1.654.0.
-
Introduced through: @coderbyheart/underline@coderbyheart/underline#c887e9d5d8c6ec7a7be9ff99625d03c6a33aa5b8 › snyk@1.410.2 › update-notifier@4.1.3 › latest-version@5.1.0 › package-json@6.5.0 › got@9.6.0Remediation: Upgrade to snyk@1.680.0.
Overview
Affected versions of this package are vulnerable to Open Redirect due to missing verification of requested URLs. It allowed a victim to be redirected to a UNIX socket.
Remediation
Upgrade got
to version 11.8.5, 12.1.0 or higher.
References
medium severity
- Vulnerable module: axios
- Introduced through: contentful@7.14.6
Detailed paths
-
Introduced through: @coderbyheart/underline@coderbyheart/underline#c887e9d5d8c6ec7a7be9ff99625d03c6a33aa5b8 › contentful@7.14.6 › axios@0.19.2Remediation: Upgrade to contentful@9.3.6.
Overview
axios is a promise-based HTTP client for the browser and Node.js.
Affected versions of this package are vulnerable to Regular Expression Denial of Service (ReDoS). An attacker can deplete system resources by providing a manipulated string as input to the format method, causing the regular expression to exhibit a time complexity of O(n^2)
. This makes the server to become unable to provide normal service due to the excessive cost and time wasted in processing vulnerable regular expressions.
PoC
const axios = require('axios');
console.time('t1');
axios.defaults.baseURL = '/'.repeat(10000) + 'a/';
axios.get('/a').then(()=>{}).catch(()=>{});
console.timeEnd('t1');
console.time('t2');
axios.defaults.baseURL = '/'.repeat(100000) + 'a/';
axios.get('/a').then(()=>{}).catch(()=>{});
console.timeEnd('t2');
/* stdout
t1: 60.826ms
t2: 5.826s
*/
Details
Denial of Service (DoS) describes a family of attacks, all aimed at making a system inaccessible to its original and legitimate users. There are many types of DoS attacks, ranging from trying to clog the network pipes to the system by generating a large volume of traffic from many machines (a Distributed Denial of Service - DDoS - attack) to sending crafted requests that cause a system to crash or take a disproportional amount of time to process.
The Regular expression Denial of Service (ReDoS) is a type of Denial of Service attack. Regular expressions are incredibly powerful, but they aren't very intuitive and can ultimately end up making it easy for attackers to take your site down.
Let’s take the following regular expression as an example:
regex = /A(B|C+)+D/
This regular expression accomplishes the following:
A
The string must start with the letter 'A'(B|C+)+
The string must then follow the letter A with either the letter 'B' or some number of occurrences of the letter 'C' (the+
matches one or more times). The+
at the end of this section states that we can look for one or more matches of this section.D
Finally, we ensure this section of the string ends with a 'D'
The expression would match inputs such as ABBD
, ABCCCCD
, ABCBCCCD
and ACCCCCD
It most cases, it doesn't take very long for a regex engine to find a match:
$ time node -e '/A(B|C+)+D/.test("ACCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCD")'
0.04s user 0.01s system 95% cpu 0.052 total
$ time node -e '/A(B|C+)+D/.test("ACCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCX")'
1.79s user 0.02s system 99% cpu 1.812 total
The entire process of testing it against a 30 characters long string takes around ~52ms. But when given an invalid string, it takes nearly two seconds to complete the test, over ten times as long as it took to test a valid string. The dramatic difference is due to the way regular expressions get evaluated.
Most Regex engines will work very similarly (with minor differences). The engine will match the first possible way to accept the current character and proceed to the next one. If it then fails to match the next one, it will backtrack and see if there was another way to digest the previous character. If it goes too far down the rabbit hole only to find out the string doesn’t match in the end, and if many characters have multiple valid regex paths, the number of backtracking steps can become very large, resulting in what is known as catastrophic backtracking.
Let's look at how our expression runs into this problem, using a shorter string: "ACCCX". While it seems fairly straightforward, there are still four different ways that the engine could match those three C's:
- CCC
- CC+C
- C+CC
- C+C+C.
The engine has to try each of those combinations to see if any of them potentially match against the expression. When you combine that with the other steps the engine must take, we can use RegEx 101 debugger to see the engine has to take a total of 38 steps before it can determine the string doesn't match.
From there, the number of steps the engine must use to validate a string just continues to grow.
String | Number of C's | Number of steps |
---|---|---|
ACCCX | 3 | 38 |
ACCCCX | 4 | 71 |
ACCCCCX | 5 | 136 |
ACCCCCCCCCCCCCCX | 14 | 65,553 |
By the time the string includes 14 C's, the engine has to take over 65,000 steps just to see if the string is valid. These extreme situations can cause them to work very slowly (exponentially related to input size, as shown above), allowing an attacker to exploit this and can cause the service to excessively consume CPU, resulting in a Denial of Service.
Remediation
Upgrade axios
to version 0.29.0, 1.6.3 or higher.
References
medium severity
- Vulnerable module: follow-redirects
- Introduced through: contentful@7.14.6
Detailed paths
-
Introduced through: @coderbyheart/underline@coderbyheart/underline#c887e9d5d8c6ec7a7be9ff99625d03c6a33aa5b8 › contentful@7.14.6 › axios@0.19.2 › follow-redirects@1.5.10Remediation: Upgrade to contentful@7.14.7.
Overview
Affected versions of this package are vulnerable to Information Exposure by leaking the cookie header to a third party site in the process of fetching a remote URL with the cookie in the request body. If the response contains a location
header, it will follow the redirect to another URL of a potentially malicious actor, to which the cookie would be exposed.
Remediation
Upgrade follow-redirects
to version 1.14.7 or higher.
References
medium severity
- Vulnerable module: jszip
- Introduced through: snyk@1.410.2
Detailed paths
-
Introduced through: @coderbyheart/underline@coderbyheart/underline#c887e9d5d8c6ec7a7be9ff99625d03c6a33aa5b8 › snyk@1.410.2 › snyk-nuget-plugin@1.19.3 › jszip@3.4.0Remediation: Upgrade to snyk@1.667.0.
Overview
jszip is a Create, read and edit .zip files with JavaScript http://stuartk.com/jszip
Affected versions of this package are vulnerable to Denial of Service (DoS). Crafting a new zip file with filenames set to Object prototype values (e.g __proto__,
toString
, etc) results in a returned object with a modified prototype instance.
PoC
const jszip = require('jszip');
async function loadZip() {
// this is a raw buffer of demo.zip containing 2 empty files:
// - "file.txt"
// - "toString"
const demoZip = Buffer.from('UEsDBBQACAAIANS8kVIAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAIACAAdG9TdHJpbmdVVA0AB3Bje2BmY3tgcGN7YHV4CwABBPUBAAAEFAAAAAMAUEsHCAAAAAACAAAAAAAAAFBLAwQUAAgACADDvJFSAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAACAAgAGZpbGUudHh0VVQNAAdPY3tg4FJ7YE9je2B1eAsAAQT1AQAABBQAAAADAFBLBwgAAAAAAgAAAAAAAABQSwECFAMUAAgACADUvJFSAAAAAAIAAAAAAAAACAAgAAAAAAAAAAAApIEAAAAAdG9TdHJpbmdVVA0AB3Bje2BmY3tgcGN7YHV4CwABBPUBAAAEFAAAAFBLAQIUAxQACAAIAMO8kVIAAAAAAgAAAAAAAAAIACAAAAAAAAAAAACkgVgAAABmaWxlLnR4dFVUDQAHT2N7YOBSe2BPY3tgdXgLAAEE9QEAAAQUAAAAUEsFBgAAAAACAAIArAAAALAAAAAAAA==', 'base64');
const zip = await jszip.loadAsync(demoZip);
zip.files.toString(); // this will throw
return zip;
}
loadZip();
Details
Denial of Service (DoS) describes a family of attacks, all aimed at making a system inaccessible to its intended and legitimate users.
Unlike other vulnerabilities, DoS attacks usually do not aim at breaching security. Rather, they are focused on making websites and services unavailable to genuine users resulting in downtime.
One popular Denial of Service vulnerability is DDoS (a Distributed Denial of Service), an attack that attempts to clog network pipes to the system by generating a large volume of traffic from many machines.
When it comes to open source libraries, DoS vulnerabilities allow attackers to trigger such a crash or crippling of the service by using a flaw either in the application code or from the use of open source libraries.
Two common types of DoS vulnerabilities:
High CPU/Memory Consumption- An attacker sending crafted requests that could cause the system to take a disproportionate amount of time to process. For example, commons-fileupload:commons-fileupload.
Crash - An attacker sending crafted requests that could cause the system to crash. For Example, npm
ws
package
Remediation
Upgrade jszip
to version 3.7.0 or higher.
References
medium severity
- Vulnerable module: xml2js
- Introduced through: snyk@1.410.2
Detailed paths
-
Introduced through: @coderbyheart/underline@coderbyheart/underline#c887e9d5d8c6ec7a7be9ff99625d03c6a33aa5b8 › snyk@1.410.2 › snyk-nuget-plugin@1.19.3 › xml2js@0.4.23Remediation: Upgrade to snyk@1.685.0.
-
Introduced through: @coderbyheart/underline@coderbyheart/underline#c887e9d5d8c6ec7a7be9ff99625d03c6a33aa5b8 › snyk@1.410.2 › snyk-nuget-plugin@1.19.3 › dotnet-deps-parser@5.0.0 › xml2js@0.4.23Remediation: Upgrade to snyk@1.685.0.
Overview
Affected versions of this package are vulnerable to Prototype Pollution due to allowing an external attacker to edit or add new properties to an object. This is possible because the application does not properly validate incoming JSON keys, thus allowing the __proto__
property to be edited.
PoC
var parseString = require('xml2js').parseString;
let normal_user_request = "<role>admin</role>";
let malicious_user_request = "<__proto__><role>admin</role></__proto__>";
const update_user = (userProp) => {
// A user cannot alter his role. This way we prevent privilege escalations.
parseString(userProp, function (err, user) {
if(user.hasOwnProperty("role") && user?.role.toLowerCase() === "admin") {
console.log("Unauthorized Action");
} else {
console.log(user?.role[0]);
}
});
}
update_user(normal_user_request);
update_user(malicious_user_request);
Details
Prototype Pollution is a vulnerability affecting JavaScript. Prototype Pollution refers to the ability to inject properties into existing JavaScript language construct prototypes, such as objects. JavaScript allows all Object attributes to be altered, including their magical attributes such as __proto__
, constructor
and prototype
. An attacker manipulates these attributes to overwrite, or pollute, a JavaScript application object prototype of the base object by injecting other values. Properties on the Object.prototype
are then inherited by all the JavaScript objects through the prototype chain. When that happens, this leads to either denial of service by triggering JavaScript exceptions, or it tampers with the application source code to force the code path that the attacker injects, thereby leading to remote code execution.
There are two main ways in which the pollution of prototypes occurs:
Unsafe
Object
recursive mergeProperty definition by path
Unsafe Object recursive merge
The logic of a vulnerable recursive merge function follows the following high-level model:
merge (target, source)
foreach property of source
if property exists and is an object on both the target and the source
merge(target[property], source[property])
else
target[property] = source[property]
When the source object contains a property named __proto__
defined with Object.defineProperty()
, the condition that checks if the property exists and is an object on both the target and the source passes and the merge recurses with the target, being the prototype of Object
and the source of Object
as defined by the attacker. Properties are then copied on the Object
prototype.
Clone operations are a special sub-class of unsafe recursive merges, which occur when a recursive merge is conducted on an empty object: merge({},source)
.
lodash
and Hoek
are examples of libraries susceptible to recursive merge attacks.
Property definition by path
There are a few JavaScript libraries that use an API to define property values on an object based on a given path. The function that is generally affected contains this signature: theFunction(object, path, value)
If the attacker can control the value of “path”, they can set this value to __proto__.myValue
. myValue
is then assigned to the prototype of the class of the object.
Types of attacks
There are a few methods by which Prototype Pollution can be manipulated:
Type | Origin | Short description |
---|---|---|
Denial of service (DoS) | Client | This is the most likely attack. DoS occurs when Object holds generic functions that are implicitly called for various operations (for example, toString and valueOf ). The attacker pollutes Object.prototype.someattr and alters its state to an unexpected value such as Int or Object . In this case, the code fails and is likely to cause a denial of service. For example: if an attacker pollutes Object.prototype.toString by defining it as an integer, if the codebase at any point was reliant on someobject.toString() it would fail. |
Remote Code Execution | Client | Remote code execution is generally only possible in cases where the codebase evaluates a specific attribute of an object, and then executes that evaluation. For example: eval(someobject.someattr) . In this case, if the attacker pollutes Object.prototype.someattr they are likely to be able to leverage this in order to execute code. |
Property Injection | Client | The attacker pollutes properties that the codebase relies on for their informative value, including security properties such as cookies or tokens. For example: if a codebase checks privileges for someuser.isAdmin , then when the attacker pollutes Object.prototype.isAdmin and sets it to equal true , they can then achieve admin privileges. |
Affected environments
The following environments are susceptible to a Prototype Pollution attack:
Application server
Web server
Web browser
How to prevent
Freeze the prototype— use
Object.freeze (Object.prototype)
.Require schema validation of JSON input.
Avoid using unsafe recursive merge functions.
Consider using objects without prototypes (for example,
Object.create(null)
), breaking the prototype chain and preventing pollution.As a best practice use
Map
instead ofObject
.
For more information on this vulnerability type:
Arteau, Oliver. “JavaScript prototype pollution attack in NodeJS application.” GitHub, 26 May 2018
Remediation
Upgrade xml2js
to version 0.5.0 or higher.
References
medium severity
- Vulnerable module: @snyk/snyk-cocoapods-plugin
- Introduced through: snyk@1.410.2
Detailed paths
-
Introduced through: @coderbyheart/underline@coderbyheart/underline#c887e9d5d8c6ec7a7be9ff99625d03c6a33aa5b8 › snyk@1.410.2 › @snyk/snyk-cocoapods-plugin@2.5.1Remediation: Upgrade to snyk@1.685.0.
Overview
Affected versions of this package are vulnerable to Command Injection due to an incomplete fix for CVE-2022-40764.
A successful exploit allows attackers to run arbitrary commands on the host system where the Snyk CLI is installed by passing in crafted command line flags.
In order to exploit this vulnerability, a user would have to execute the snyk test
command on untrusted files. In most cases, an attacker positioned to control the command line arguments to the Snyk CLI would already be positioned to execute arbitrary commands. However, this could be abused in specific scenarios, such as continuous integration pipelines, where developers can control the arguments passed to the Snyk CLI to leverage this component as part of a wider attack against an integration/build pipeline.
This issue has been addressed in the latest Snyk Docker images available at https://hub.docker.com/r/snyk/snyk as of 2022-11-29. Images downloaded and built prior to that date should be updated.
The issue has also been addressed in the Snyk TeamCity CI/CD plugin as of version v20221130.093605.
Remediation
Upgrade @snyk/snyk-cocoapods-plugin
to version 2.5.3 or higher.
References
medium severity
- Vulnerable module: snyk
- Introduced through: snyk@1.410.2
Detailed paths
-
Introduced through: @coderbyheart/underline@coderbyheart/underline#c887e9d5d8c6ec7a7be9ff99625d03c6a33aa5b8 › snyk@1.410.2Remediation: Upgrade to snyk@1.1064.0.
Overview
snyk is an advanced tool that scans and monitors projects for security vulnerabilities.
Affected versions of this package are vulnerable to Command Injection due to an incomplete fix for CVE-2022-40764.
A successful exploit allows attackers to run arbitrary commands on the host system where the Snyk CLI is installed by passing in crafted command line flags.
In order to exploit this vulnerability, a user would have to execute the snyk test
command on untrusted files. In most cases, an attacker positioned to control the command line arguments to the Snyk CLI would already be positioned to execute arbitrary commands. However, this could be abused in specific scenarios, such as continuous integration pipelines, where developers can control the arguments passed to the Snyk CLI to leverage this component as part of a wider attack against an integration/build pipeline.
This issue has been addressed in the latest Snyk Docker images available at https://hub.docker.com/r/snyk/snyk as of 2022-11-29. Images downloaded and built prior to that date should be updated.
The issue has also been addressed in the Snyk TeamCity CI/CD plugin as of version v20221130.093605.
Remediation
Upgrade snyk
to version 1.1064.0 or higher.
References
medium severity
- Vulnerable module: snyk-docker-plugin
- Introduced through: snyk@1.410.2
Detailed paths
-
Introduced through: @coderbyheart/underline@coderbyheart/underline#c887e9d5d8c6ec7a7be9ff99625d03c6a33aa5b8 › snyk@1.410.2 › snyk-docker-plugin@3.26.2Remediation: Upgrade to snyk@1.685.0.
Overview
Affected versions of this package are vulnerable to Command Injection due to an incomplete fix for CVE-2022-40764.
A successful exploit allows attackers to run arbitrary commands on the host system where the Snyk CLI is installed by passing in crafted command line flags.
In order to exploit this vulnerability, a user would have to execute the snyk test
command on untrusted files. In most cases, an attacker positioned to control the command line arguments to the Snyk CLI would already be positioned to execute arbitrary commands. However, this could be abused in specific scenarios, such as continuous integration pipelines, where developers can control the arguments passed to the Snyk CLI to leverage this component as part of a wider attack against an integration/build pipeline.
This issue has been addressed in the latest Snyk Docker images available at https://hub.docker.com/r/snyk/snyk as of 2022-11-29. Images downloaded and built prior to that date should be updated.
The issue has also been addressed in the Snyk TeamCity CI/CD plugin as of version v20221130.093605.
Remediation
Upgrade snyk-docker-plugin
to version 5.6.5 or higher.
References
medium severity
- Vulnerable module: snyk-gradle-plugin
- Introduced through: snyk@1.410.2
Detailed paths
-
Introduced through: @coderbyheart/underline@coderbyheart/underline#c887e9d5d8c6ec7a7be9ff99625d03c6a33aa5b8 › snyk@1.410.2 › snyk-gradle-plugin@3.9.0Remediation: Upgrade to snyk@1.685.0.
Overview
snyk-gradle-plugin is a plugin for the Snyk CLI tool, providing dependency metadata for Gradle projects.
Affected versions of this package are vulnerable to Command Injection due to an incomplete fix for CVE-2022-40764.
A successful exploit allows attackers to run arbitrary commands on the host system where the Snyk CLI is installed by passing in crafted command line flags.
In order to exploit this vulnerability, a user would have to execute the snyk test
command on untrusted files. In most cases, an attacker positioned to control the command line arguments to the Snyk CLI would already be positioned to execute arbitrary commands. However, this could be abused in specific scenarios, such as continuous integration pipelines, where developers can control the arguments passed to the Snyk CLI to leverage this component as part of a wider attack against an integration/build pipeline.
This issue has been addressed in the latest Snyk Docker images available at https://hub.docker.com/r/snyk/snyk as of 2022-11-29. Images downloaded and built prior to that date should be updated.
The issue has also been addressed in the Snyk TeamCity CI/CD plugin as of version v20221130.093605.
Remediation
Upgrade snyk-gradle-plugin
to version 3.24.5 or higher.
References
medium severity
- Vulnerable module: snyk-mvn-plugin
- Introduced through: snyk@1.410.2
Detailed paths
-
Introduced through: @coderbyheart/underline@coderbyheart/underline#c887e9d5d8c6ec7a7be9ff99625d03c6a33aa5b8 › snyk@1.410.2 › snyk-mvn-plugin@2.22.0Remediation: Upgrade to snyk@1.685.0.
Overview
snyk-mvn-plugin is a plugin for the Snyk CLI tool, providing dependency metadata for Maven projects that use mvn and have a pom.xml file.
Affected versions of this package are vulnerable to Command Injection due to an incomplete fix for CVE-2022-40764.
A successful exploit allows attackers to run arbitrary commands on the host system where the Snyk CLI is installed by passing in crafted command line flags.
In order to exploit this vulnerability, a user would have to execute the snyk test
command on untrusted files. In most cases, an attacker positioned to control the command line arguments to the Snyk CLI would already be positioned to execute arbitrary commands. However, this could be abused in specific scenarios, such as continuous integration pipelines, where developers can control the arguments passed to the Snyk CLI to leverage this component as part of a wider attack against an integration/build pipeline.
This issue has been addressed in the latest Snyk Docker images available at https://hub.docker.com/r/snyk/snyk as of 2022-11-29. Images downloaded and built prior to that date should be updated.
The issue has also been addressed in the Snyk TeamCity CI/CD plugin as of version v20221130.093605.
Remediation
Upgrade snyk-mvn-plugin
to version 2.31.3 or higher.
References
medium severity
- Vulnerable module: snyk-python-plugin
- Introduced through: snyk@1.410.2
Detailed paths
-
Introduced through: @coderbyheart/underline@coderbyheart/underline#c887e9d5d8c6ec7a7be9ff99625d03c6a33aa5b8 › snyk@1.410.2 › snyk-python-plugin@1.17.1Remediation: Upgrade to snyk@1.685.0.
Overview
Affected versions of this package are vulnerable to Command Injection due to an incomplete fix for CVE-2022-40764.
A successful exploit allows attackers to run arbitrary commands on the host system where the Snyk CLI is installed by passing in crafted command line flags.
In order to exploit this vulnerability, a user would have to execute the snyk test
command on untrusted files. In most cases, an attacker positioned to control the command line arguments to the Snyk CLI would already be positioned to execute arbitrary commands. However, this could be abused in specific scenarios, such as continuous integration pipelines, where developers can control the arguments passed to the Snyk CLI to leverage this component as part of a wider attack against an integration/build pipeline.
This issue has been addressed in the latest Snyk Docker images available at https://hub.docker.com/r/snyk/snyk as of 2022-11-29. Images downloaded and built prior to that date should be updated.
The issue has also been addressed in the Snyk TeamCity CI/CD plugin as of version v20221130.093605.
Remediation
Upgrade snyk-python-plugin
to version 1.24.2 or higher.
References
medium severity
- Vulnerable module: snyk-sbt-plugin
- Introduced through: snyk@1.410.2
Detailed paths
-
Introduced through: @coderbyheart/underline@coderbyheart/underline#c887e9d5d8c6ec7a7be9ff99625d03c6a33aa5b8 › snyk@1.410.2 › snyk-sbt-plugin@2.11.0Remediation: Upgrade to snyk@1.685.0.
Overview
Affected versions of this package are vulnerable to Command Injection due to an incomplete fix for CVE-2022-40764.
A successful exploit allows attackers to run arbitrary commands on the host system where the Snyk CLI is installed by passing in crafted command line flags.
In order to exploit this vulnerability, a user would have to execute the snyk test
command on untrusted files. In most cases, an attacker positioned to control the command line arguments to the Snyk CLI would already be positioned to execute arbitrary commands. However, this could be abused in specific scenarios, such as continuous integration pipelines, where developers can control the arguments passed to the Snyk CLI to leverage this component as part of a wider attack against an integration/build pipeline.
This issue has been addressed in the latest Snyk Docker images available at https://hub.docker.com/r/snyk/snyk as of 2022-11-29. Images downloaded and built prior to that date should be updated.
The issue has also been addressed in the Snyk TeamCity CI/CD plugin as of version v20221130.093605.
Remediation
Upgrade snyk-sbt-plugin
to version 2.16.2 or higher.
References
low severity
- Vulnerable module: follow-redirects
- Introduced through: contentful@7.14.6
Detailed paths
-
Introduced through: @coderbyheart/underline@coderbyheart/underline#c887e9d5d8c6ec7a7be9ff99625d03c6a33aa5b8 › contentful@7.14.6 › axios@0.19.2 › follow-redirects@1.5.10Remediation: Upgrade to contentful@7.14.7.
Overview
Affected versions of this package are vulnerable to Information Exposure due a leakage of the Authorization header from the same hostname during HTTPS to HTTP redirection. An attacker who can listen in on the wire (or perform a MITM attack) will be able to receive the Authorization header due to the usage of the insecure HTTP protocol which does not verify the hostname the request is sending to.
Remediation
Upgrade follow-redirects
to version 1.14.8 or higher.
References
low severity
- Vulnerable module: snyk
- Introduced through: snyk@1.410.2
Detailed paths
-
Introduced through: @coderbyheart/underline@coderbyheart/underline#c887e9d5d8c6ec7a7be9ff99625d03c6a33aa5b8 › snyk@1.410.2Remediation: Upgrade to snyk@1.1297.3.
Overview
snyk is an advanced tool that scans and monitors projects for security vulnerabilities.
Affected versions of this package are vulnerable to Insertion of Sensitive Information into Log File through local Snyk CLI debug logs. Container Registry credentials provided via environment variables or command line arguments can be exposed when executing Snyk CLI in DEBUG
or DEBUG/TRACE
mode.
The issue affects the following Snyk commands:
When
snyk container test
orsnyk container monitor
commands are run against a container registry, with debug mode enabled, the container registry credentials may be written into the local Snyk CLI debug log. This only happens with credentials specified in environment variables (SNYK_REGISTRY_USERNAME
andSNYK_REGISTRY_PASSWORD
), or in the CLI (--password
/-p
and--username
/-u
).When
snyk auth
command is executed with debug mode enabled AND the log level is set toTRACE
, the Snyk access / refresh credential tokens used to connect the CLI to Snyk may be written into the local CLI debug logs.When
snyk iac test
is executed with a Remote IAC Custom rules bundle, debug mode enabled, AND the log level is set toTRACE
, the docker registry token may be written into the local CLI debug logs.
Remediation
Upgrade snyk
to version 1.1297.3 or higher.