Find, fix and prevent vulnerabilities in your code.

Overview

com.fasterxml.jackson.core:jackson-core is a Core Jackson abstractions, basic JSON streaming API implementation

Affected versions of this package are vulnerable to Regular Expression Denial of Service (ReDoS) in the PATTERN_FLOAT regex of NumberInput, reached through looksLikeValidNumber(), where adjacent quantifiers over the same character class ([0-9]*, then an optional [.], then [0-9]+) carry no possessive quantifiers or atomic grouping, so the engine explores every split point between digit groups on non-matching input. An attacker can pin a request-handling thread and exhaust the worker pool with concurrent requests by supplying a long numeric-looking string that fails to match, since match cost is quadratic in input length, with 160,000 characters costing 74.4 seconds in a single call. This requires the application to reach looksLikeValidNumber() with attacker-controlled strings, which is the default path when jackson-databind coerces a String field to a number, and the input is bounded only by StreamReadConstraints.maxStringLength at 20,000,000 rather than by maxNumberLength at 1,000.

Workaround

This vulnerability can be avoided by lowering StreamReadConstraints.maxStringLength toward the string length the application actually needs, which caps the input this quadratic path can be handed, since it is that limit and not maxNumberLength that governs here.

Details

Denial of Service (DoS) describes a family of attacks, all aimed at making a system inaccessible to its original and legitimate users. There are many types of DoS attacks, ranging from trying to clog the network pipes to the system by generating a large volume of traffic from many machines (a Distributed Denial of Service - DDoS - attack) to sending crafted requests that cause a system to crash or take a disproportional amount of time to process.

The Regular expression Denial of Service (ReDoS) is a type of Denial of Service attack. Regular expressions are incredibly powerful, but they aren't very intuitive and can ultimately end up making it easy for attackers to take your site down.

Let’s take the following regular expression as an example:

regex = /A(B|C+)+D/

This regular expression accomplishes the following:

• A The string must start with the letter 'A'
• (B|C+)+ The string must then follow the letter A with either the letter 'B' or some number of occurrences of the letter 'C' (the + matches one or more times). The + at the end of this section states that we can look for one or more matches of this section.
• D Finally, we ensure this section of the string ends with a 'D'

The expression would match inputs such as ABBD, ABCCCCD, ABCBCCCD and ACCCCCD

It most cases, it doesn't take very long for a regex engine to find a match:

$ time node -e '/A(B|C+)+D/.test("ACCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCD")'
0.04s user 0.01s system 95% cpu 0.052 total

$ time node -e '/A(B|C+)+D/.test("ACCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCX")'
1.79s user 0.02s system 99% cpu 1.812 total

The entire process of testing it against a 30 characters long string takes around ~52ms. But when given an invalid string, it takes nearly two seconds to complete the test, over ten times as long as it took to test a valid string. The dramatic difference is due to the way regular expressions get evaluated.

Most Regex engines will work very similarly (with minor differences). The engine will match the first possible way to accept the current character and proceed to the next one. If it then fails to match the next one, it will backtrack and see if there was another way to digest the previous character. If it goes too far down the rabbit hole only to find out the string doesn’t match in the end, and if many characters have multiple valid regex paths, the number of backtracking steps can become very large, resulting in what is known as catastrophic backtracking.

Let's look at how our expression runs into this problem, using a shorter string: "ACCCX". While it seems fairly straightforward, there are still four different ways that the engine could match those three C's:

1. CCC
2. CC+C
3. C+CC
4. C+C+C.

The engine has to try each of those combinations to see if any of them potentially match against the expression. When you combine that with the other steps the engine must take, we can use RegEx 101 debugger to see the engine has to take a total of 38 steps before it can determine the string doesn't match.

From there, the number of steps the engine must use to validate a string just continues to grow.

By the time the string includes 14 C's, the engine has to take over 65,000 steps just to see if the string is valid. These extreme situations can cause them to work very slowly (exponentially related to input size, as shown above), allowing an attacker to exploit this and can cause the service to excessively consume CPU, resulting in a Denial of Service.

Remediation

Upgrade com.fasterxml.jackson.core:jackson-core to version 2.18.11, 2.21.7, 2.22.3 or higher.

References

• GitHub Advisory
• GitHub Commit
• GitHub Commit
• GitHub Issue
• GitHub PR
• GitHub PR

Overview

Affected versions of this package are vulnerable to Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling due several issues in the loading of untrusted configurations. An attacker can cause excessive resource consumption by manipulating the configuration data or introducing unexpected usage patterns. Users affected by this issue are recommended to upgrade to the 2.x version line org.apache.commons:commons-configuration2, which fixes these issues.

Note: This is only exploitable if the application is configured to load untrusted configurations.

Remediation

There is no fixed version for commons-configuration:commons-configuration.

References

• Apache Mail

Overview

net.minidev:json-smart is a Java JSON parser.

Affected versions of this package are vulnerable to Improper Neutralization via the parseInner function in the JSONParserBase parser. An attacker can evade JSONValue.parseStrict or isValidJsonStrict by sending a valid JSON value followed by a literal 0x1A character and malformed content; parseInner mistakes the character for end-of-input and skips the trailing-data check. Applications that rely on these strict-validation methods can accept input that downstream parsers such as Jackson or Gson interpret differently.

Remediation

There is no fixed version for net.minidev:json-smart.

References

• github.com
• GitHub Issue
• Red Hat Bugzilla Bug
• Vulnerable Code

Overview

Affected versions of this package are vulnerable to Inefficient Algorithmic Complexity via the computeAllFrames method in MethodWriter. An attacker can exhaust CPU and tie up class-file transformation threads for an unbounded time by supplying crafted class files for processing with ClassWriter.COMPUTE_FRAMES; their methods make frame computation’s fixpoint algorithm converge slowly.

Remediation

Upgrade org.ow2.asm:asm to version 9.11 or higher.

References

• GitLab Commit
• gitlab.ow2.org
• gitlab.ow2.org
• Red Hat Bugzilla Bug

Overview

Affected versions of this package are vulnerable to Inefficient Algorithmic Complexity via the computeAllFrames() and computeMaxStackAndLocal() methods in MethodWriter. When ASM processes a crafted class file with thousands of overlapping exception handlers using COMPUTE_FRAMES or COMPUTE_MAXS, it allocates excessive Edge objects, causing an OutOfMemoryError that crashes the JVM.

Remediation

Upgrade org.ow2.asm:asm to version 9.11 or higher.

References

• GitLab Commit
• gitlab.ow2.org
• gitlab.ow2.org
• Red Hat Bugzilla Bug

Overview

Affected versions of this package are vulnerable to Memory Allocation with Excessive Size Value via readBootstrapMethodsAttribute() in ClassReader. When an application parses an attacker-supplied class file, a crafted BootstrapMethods attribute with an unchecked declared length can trigger an allocation of roughly 2 GB from a file of about 100 bytes, causing an OutOfMemoryError that crashes the JVM or the thread processing the class.

Remediation

Upgrade org.ow2.asm:asm to version 9.11 or higher.

References

• GitLab Commit
• gitlab.ow2.org
• gitlab.ow2.org
• Red Hat Bugzilla Bug

Overview

Affected versions of this package are vulnerable to Memory Allocation with Excessive Size Value via the addSubroutineRetSuccessors() method in the Label class. An attacker can crash the JVM by supplying a crafted invalid class file with multiple RET instructions for one JSR while ASM processes the subroutine.

Notes

• The attacker must get a user to load or process the crafted class file.

Remediation

Upgrade org.ow2.asm:asm to version 9.11 or higher.

References

• GitLab Commit
• gitlab.ow2.org
• gitlab.ow2.org
• Red Hat Bugzilla Bug

Overview

Affected versions of this package are vulnerable to Uncontrolled Recursion via the parseType method in SignatureReader. An attacker can trigger a StackOverflowError and disrupt class transformation by supplying a crafted class file with a Signature attribute containing deeply nested generic type arguments.

Remediation

Upgrade org.ow2.asm:asm to version 9.11 or higher.

References

• GitLab Commit
• gitlab.ow2.org
• gitlab.ow2.org
• Red Hat Bugzilla Bug