The Requests Toolbelt

This is just a collection of utilities for python-requests, but don't really belong in requests proper. The minimum tested requests version is 2.1.0. In reality, the toolbelt should work with 2.0.1 as well, but some idiosyncracies prevent effective or sane testing on that version.

pip install requests-toolbelt to get started!

multipart/form-data Encoder

The main attraction is a streaming multipart form-data object, MultipartEncoder. Its API looks like this:

from requests_toolbelt import MultipartEncoder
import requests

m = MultipartEncoder(
    fields={'field0': 'value', 'field1': 'value',
            'field2': ('filename', open('file.py', 'rb'), 'text/plain')}
    )

r = requests.post('http://httpbin.org/post', data=m,
                  headers={'Content-Type': m.content_type})

You can also use multipart/form-data encoding for requests that don't require files:

from requests_toolbelt import MultipartEncoder
import requests

m = MultipartEncoder(fields={'field0': 'value', 'field1': 'value'})

r = requests.post('http://httpbin.org/post', data=m,
                  headers={'Content-Type': m.content_type})

Or, you can just create the string and examine the data:

# Assuming `m` is one of the above
m.to_string()  # Always returns unicode

User-Agent constructor

You can easily construct a requests-style User-Agent string:

from requests_toolbelt import user_agent

headers = {
    'User-Agent': user_agent('my_package', '0.0.1')
    }

r = requests.get('https://api.github.com/users', headers=headers)

SSLAdapter

The SSLAdapter was originally published on Cory Benfield's blog. This adapter allows the user to choose one of the SSL protocols made available in Python's ssl module for outgoing HTTPS connections:

from requests_toolbelt import SSLAdapter
import requests
import ssl

s = requests.Session()
s.mount('https://', SSLAdapter(ssl.PROTOCOL_TLSv1))

cookies/ForgetfulCookieJar

The ForgetfulCookieJar prevents a particular requests session from storing cookies:

from requests_toolbelt.cookies.forgetful import ForgetfulCookieJar

session = requests.Session()
session.cookies = ForgetfulCookieJar()

Contributing

Please read the suggested workflow for contributing to this project.

Please report any bugs on the issue tracker

History

1.0.0 -- 2023-05-01

Breaking Changes

• Removed Google App Engine support to allow using urllib3 2.0

Fixed Bugs

• Ensured the test suite no longer reaches the Internet

Miscellaneous

• Added explicit support for Python 3.11

0.10.1 -- 2022-10-25

Fixed Bugs

• Fix urllib3 warning to only emit on X509Adapter usage

0.10.0 -- 2022-10-06

New Features

• Add support for preparing requests in BaseUrlSession

Fixed Bugs

• Fixing missing newline in dump utility

0.9.1 -- 2019-01-29

Fixed Bugs

• Fix import of pyOpenSSL shim from urllib3 for PKCS12 adapter

0.9.0 -- 2019-01-29

New Features

• Add X509 Adapter that can handle PKCS12
• Add stateless solution for streaming files by MultipartEncoder from one host to another (in chunks)

Fixed Bugs

• Update link to example
• Move import of ABCs from collections into version-specific part of _compat module
• Fix backwards incompatibility in get_encodings_from_content
• Correct callback documentation for MultipartEncoderMonitor
• Fix bug when MultipartEncoder is asked to encode zero parts
• Correct the type of non string request body dumps
• Removed content from being stored in MultipartDecoder
• Fix bug by enabling support for contenttype with capital letters.
• Coerce proxy URL to bytes before dumping request
• Avoid bailing out with exception upon empty response reason
• Corrected Pool documentation
• Corrected parentheses match in example usage
• Fix "oject" to "object" in MultipartEncoder
• Fix URL for the project after the move
• Add fix for OSX TCPKeepAliveAdapter

Miscellaneous

• Remove py33 from testing and add Python 3.6 and nightly testing to the travis matrix.

0.8.0 -- 2017-05-20

More information about this release can be found on the 0.8.0 milestone.

New Features

• Add UserAgentBuilder to provide more control over generated User-Agent strings.

Fixed Bugs

• Include _validate_certificate in the lits of picked attributes on the AppEngineAdapter.
• Fix backwards incompatibility in get_encodings_from_content

0.7.1 -- 2017-02-13

More information about this release can be found on the 0.7.1 milestone.

Fixed Bugs

• Fixed monkey-patching for the AppEngineAdapter.
• Make it easier to disable certificate verification when monkey-patching AppEngine.
• Handle multipart/form-data bodies without a trailing CRLF.

0.7.0 -- 2016-07-21

More information about this release can be found on the 0.7.0 milestone.

New Features

• Add BaseUrlSession to allow developers to have a session that has a "Base" URL. See the documentation for more details and examples.
• Split the logic of stream_response_to_file into two separate functions:
  • get_download_file_path to generate the file name from the Response.
  • stream_response_to_file which will use get_download_file_path if necessary

Fixed Bugs

• Fixed the issue for people using very old versions of Requests where they would see an ImportError from requests_toolbelt._compat when trying to import connection.

0.6.2 -- 2016-05-10

Fixed Bugs

• When passing a timeout via Requests, it was not appropriately translated to the timeout that the urllib3 code was expecting.

0.6.1 -- 2016-05-05

Fixed Bugs

• Remove assertion about request URLs in the AppEngineAdapter.
• Prevent pip from installing requests 3.0.0 when that is released until we are ready to handle it.

0.6.0 -- 2016-01-27

More information about this release can be found on the 0.6.0 milestone.

New Features

• Add AppEngineAdapter to support developers using Google's AppEngine platform with Requests.
• Add GuessProxyAuth class to support guessing between Basic and Digest Authentication for proxies.

Fixed Bugs

• Ensure that proxies use the correct TLS version when using the SSLAdapter.
• Fix an AttributeError when using the HTTPProxyDigestAuth class.

Miscellaneous

• Drop testing support for Python 3.2. virtualenv and pip have stopped supporting it meaning that it is harder to test for this with our CI infrastructure. Moving forward we will make a best-effort attempt to support 3.2 but will not test for it.

0.5.1 -- 2015-12-16

More information about this release can be found on the 0.5.1 milestone.

Fixed Bugs

• Now papers over the differences in requests' super_len function from versions prior to 2.9.0 and versions 2.9.0 and later.

0.5.0 -- 2015-11-24

More information about this release can be found on the milestone for 0.5.0.

New Features

• The tee submodule was added to requests_toolbelt.downloadutils. It allows you to iterate over the bytes of a response while also writing them to a file. The tee.tee function, expects you to pass an open file object, while tee.tee_to_file will use the provided file name to open the file for you.
• Added a new parameter to requests_toolbelt.utils.user_agent that allows the user to specify additional items.
• Added nested form-data helper, requests_toolbelt.utils.formdata.urlencode.
• Added the ForgetfulCookieJar to requests_toolbelt.cookies.
• Added utilities for dumping the information about a request-response cycle in requests_toolbelt.utils.dump.
• Implemented the API described in the requests_toolbelt.threaded module docstring, i.e., added requests_toolbelt.threaded.map as an available function.

Fixed Bugs

• Now papers over the API differences in versions of requests installed from system packages versus versions of requests installed from PyPI.
• Allow string types for SourceAddressAdapter.

0.4.0 -- 2015-04-03

For more information about this release, please see milestone 0.4.0 on the project's page.

New Features

• A naive implemenation of a thread pool is now included in the toolbelt. See the docs in docs/threading.rst or on Read The Docs.
• The StreamingIterator now accepts files (such as sys.stdin) without a specific length and will properly stream them.
• The MultipartEncoder now accepts exactly the same format of fields as requests' files parameter does. In other words, you can now also pass in extra headers to add to a part in the body. You can also now specify a custom Content-Type for a part.
• An implementation of HTTP Digest Authentication for Proxies is now included.
• A transport adapter that allows a user to specify a specific Certificate Fingerprint is now included in the toolbelt.
• A transport adapter that simplifies how users specify socket options is now included.
• A transport adapter that simplifies how users can specify TCP Keep-Alive options is now included in the toolbelt.
• Deprecated functions from requests.utils are now included and maintained.
• An authentication tool that allows users to specify how to authenticate to several different domains at once is now included.
• A function to save streamed responses to disk by analyzing the Content-Disposition header is now included in the toolbelt.

Fixed Bugs

• The MultipartEncoder will now allow users to upload files larger than 4GB on 32-bit systems.
• The MultipartEncoder will now accept empty unicode strings for form values.

0.3.1 -- 2014-06-23

• Fix the fact that 0.3.0 bundle did not include the StreamingIterator

0.3.0 -- 2014-05-21

Bug Fixes

• Complete rewrite of MultipartEncoder fixes bug where bytes were lost in uploads

New Features

• MultipartDecoder to accept multipart/form-data response bodies and parse them into an easy to use object.
• SourceAddressAdapter to allow users to choose a local address to bind connections to.
• GuessAuth which accepts a username and password and uses the WWW-Authenticate header to determine how to authenticate against a server.
• MultipartEncoderMonitor wraps an instance of the MultipartEncoder and keeps track of how many bytes were read and will call the provided callback.
• StreamingIterator will wrap an iterator and stream the upload instead of chunk it, provided you also provide the length of the content you wish to upload.

0.2.0 -- 2014-02-24

• Add ability to tell MultipartEncoder which encoding to use. By default it uses 'utf-8'.
• Fix #10 - allow users to install with pip
• Fix #9 - Fix MultipartEncoder#to_string so that it properly handles file objects as fields

0.1.2 -- 2014-01-19

• At some point during development we broke how we handle normal file objects. Thanks to @konomae this is now fixed.

0.1.1 -- 2014-01-19

• Handle io.BytesIO-like objects better

0.1.0 -- 2014-01-18

• Add initial implementation of the streaming MultipartEncoder
• Add initial implementation of the user_agent function
• Add the SSLAdapter