How to use the moderngl.pack function in moderngl

def fmt(x):
    x = moderngl.pack([x], 'f2')
    t = ('0' * 16 + bin(int.from_bytes(x, 'little'))[2:])[-16:]
    return t[0 : 1] + ' ' + t[1 : 6] + ' ' + t[6 : 16]

255, 127, 0,
            255, 255, 0,
            0, 255, 0,
            0, 0, 255,

            0, 0, 0,
            40, 40, 40,
            80, 80, 80,
            120, 120, 120,
            160, 160, 160,
        ], 'u1')

        self.texture = self.ctx.texture(5, 3, pixels, array=2)
        self.sampler = self.ctx.sampler(self.texture)

        vertex_data = moderngl.pack([
            -0.4, 0.4, 0.0, 0.0,
            -0.7, -0.4, 1.0, 0.0,
            -0.1, -0.4, 1.0, 0.0,
            0.4, 0.4, 0.0, 1.0,
            0.1, -0.4, 1.0, 1.0,
            0.7, -0.4, 1.0, 1.0,
        ])

        self.vbo = self.ctx.buffer(vertex_data)
        self.vao = self.ctx.vertex_array(self.prog, [
            self.vbo.bind('in_vert', 'in_text'),
        ])

        self.vao.scope = self.ctx.scope(samplers=[self.sampler.assign(0)])

''',
            fragment_shader='''
                #version 330

                uniform sampler1DArray Texture;

                in vec2 v_text;
                out vec4 f_color;

                void main() {
                    f_color = texture(Texture, v_text);
                }
            ''',
        )

        pixels = moderngl.pack([
            255, 0, 0,
            255, 127, 0,
            255, 255, 0,
            0, 255, 0,
            0, 0, 255,

            0, 0, 0,
            40, 40, 40,
            80, 80, 80,
            120, 120, 120,
            160, 160, 160,
        ], 'u1')

        self.texture = self.ctx.texture(5, 3, pixels, array=2)
        self.sampler = self.ctx.sampler(self.texture)

void main() {
            gl_Position = vec4(in_vert, 0.0, 1.0);
        }
    ''',
    fragment_shader='''
        #version 330

        out vec4 f_color;

        void main() {
            f_color = vec4(0.3, 0.5, 1.0, 1.0);
        }
    ''',
)

vertex_data = moderngl.pack([
    0.0, 0.8,
    -0.6, -0.8,
    0.6, -0.8,
])

vbo = ctx.buffer(vertex_data)
vao = ctx.vertex_array(prog, [
    vbo.bind('in_vert'),
])

vao.scope = ctx.scope(framebuffer=fbo)

fbo.clear((1.0, 1.0, 1.0))
vao.render()

img = Image.frombytes('RGB', size, fbo.read(), 'raw', 'RGB', 0, -1)

one = np.ones(50)
        zero = np.zeros(50)
        it = np.linspace(-np.pi, np.pi, 50)

        vertex_data = moderngl.pack(np.concatenate([
            [np.cos(it) * 0.3 - 0.2, np.sin(it) * 0.5 - 0.3, one, zero, zero],
            [np.cos(it) * 0.3 + 0.2, np.sin(it) * 0.5 - 0.3, zero, one, zero],
            [np.cos(it) * 0.3 + 0.0, np.sin(it) * 0.5 + 0.3, zero, zero, one],
        ], 1).T.flatten())

        self.vbo = self.ctx.buffer(vertex_data)
        self.vao = self.ctx.vertex_array(self.prog, [
            self.vbo.bind('in_vert', 'in_color'),
        ])
        self.vao.indirect_buffer = self.ctx.buffer(moderngl.pack([
            50, 1, 0, 0,
            50, 1, 50, 0,
            50, 1, 100, 0,
        ], 'i'))

        self.vao.scope = self.ctx.scope(self.ctx.BLEND)
        self.vao.scope.blending = self.ctx.blending(
            blend_functions=[
                (self.ctx.SRC_ALPHA, self.ctx.ONE_MINUS_SRC_ALPHA),
            ],
            blend_equations=[
                self.ctx.FUNC_REVERSE_SUBTRACT,
            ],
        )
        self.vao.mode = self.ctx.TRIANGLE_FAN
        self.vao.instances = 3

''',
            fragment_shader='''
                #version 330

                uniform sampler1D Texture;

                in float v_text;
                out vec4 f_color;

                void main() {
                    f_color = texture(Texture, v_text);
                }
            ''',
        )

        pixels = moderngl.pack([
            255, 0, 0,
            255, 127, 0,
            255, 255, 0,
            0, 255, 0,
            0, 0, 255,
        ], 'u1')

        self.texture = self.ctx.texture(5, 3, pixels)
        self.sampler = self.ctx.sampler(self.texture)

        vertex_data = moderngl.pack([
            0.0, 0.4, 0.0,
            -0.3, -0.4, 1.0,
            0.3, -0.4, 1.0,
        ])

v_color = in_color;
                }
            ''',
            fragment_shader='''
                #version 330

                in vec3 v_color;
                out vec4 f_color;

                void main() {
                    f_color = vec4(v_color, 1.0);
                }
            ''',
        )

        vertex_data = moderngl.pack([
            0.0, 0.8, 1.0, 0.0, 0.0,
            -0.6, -0.8, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0,
            0.6, -0.8, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0,
        ])

        self.vbo = self.ctx.buffer(vertex_data)
        self.vao = self.ctx.vertex_array()

        self.vao.mode = self.ctx.TRIANGLES
        self.vao.program = self.prog
        self.vao.bind(self.vbo.bind('in_vert', 'in_color'))
        # self.vao.bind(self.vbo.bind(0, 1, layout='2f 3f'))
        # self.vao.program = self.prog
        self.vao.vertices = 3
        self.vao.instances = 1

void main() {
            gl_Position = vec4(in_vert, 0.0, 1.0);
        }
    ''',
    fragment_shader='''
        #version 330

        out vec4 f_color;

        void main() {
            f_color = vec4(0.3, 0.5, 1.0, 1.0);
        }
    ''',
)

vertex_data = moderngl.pack([
    0.0, 0.8,
    -0.6, -0.8,
    0.6, -0.8,
])

vbo = ctx.buffer(vertex_data)
vao = ctx.vertex_array(prog, [
    vbo.bind('in_vert'),
])

vao.scope = ctx.scope(framebuffer=fbo)

fbo.clear((1.0, 1.0, 1.0))
vao.render()

class Window(Frame):

#version 400

                in vec3 v_color;
                out vec4 f_color;

                void main() {
                    f_color = vec4(v_color, 0.3);
                }
            ''',
        )

        one = np.ones(50)
        zero = np.zeros(50)
        it = np.linspace(-np.pi, np.pi, 50)

        vertex_data = moderngl.pack(np.concatenate([
            [np.cos(it) * 0.3 - 0.2, np.sin(it) * 0.5 - 0.3, one, zero, zero],
            [np.cos(it) * 0.3 + 0.2, np.sin(it) * 0.5 - 0.3, zero, one, zero],
            [np.cos(it) * 0.3 + 0.0, np.sin(it) * 0.5 + 0.3, zero, zero, one],
        ], 1).T.flatten())

        self.vbo = self.ctx.buffer(vertex_data)
        self.vao = self.ctx.vertex_array(self.prog, [
            self.vbo.bind('in_vert', 'in_color'),
        ])
        self.vao.indirect_buffer = self.ctx.buffer(moderngl.pack([
            50, 1, 0, 0,
            50, 1, 50, 0,
            50, 1, 100, 0,
        ], 'i'))

        self.vao.scope = self.ctx.scope(self.ctx.BLEND)