How to use the kombu.utils.encoding.ensure_bytes function in kombu

def _unpack(self, payload, sep=str_to_bytes('\x00\x01')):
        raw_payload = b64decode(ensure_bytes(payload))
        first_sep = raw_payload.find(sep)

        signer = raw_payload[:first_sep]
        signer_cert = self._cert_store[signer]

        # shift 3 bits right to get signature length
        # 2048bit rsa key has a signature length of 256
        # 4096bit rsa key has a signature length of 512
        sig_len = signer_cert.get_pubkey().key_size >> 3
        sep_len = len(sep)
        signature_start_position = first_sep + sep_len
        signature_end_position = signature_start_position + sig_len
        signature = raw_payload[
            signature_start_position:signature_end_position
        ]

remove_props = ['application_headers', 'content_type',
                        'content_encoding', 'headers']
    body = ensure_bytes(message.body)  # use raw message body.
    info, headers, props = (message.delivery_info,
                            message.headers, message.properties)
    exchange = info['exchange'] if exchange is None else exchange
    routing_key = info['routing_key'] if routing_key is None else routing_key
    ctype, enc = message.content_type, message.content_encoding
    # remove compression header, as this will be inserted again
    # when the message is recompressed.
    compression = headers.pop('compression', None)

    for key in remove_props:
        props.pop(key, None)

    producer.publish(ensure_bytes(body), exchange=exchange,
                     routing_key=routing_key, compression=compression,
                     headers=headers, content_type=ctype,
                     content_encoding=enc, **props)

def compress(body, content_type):
    """Compress text.

    Arguments:
        body (AnyStr): The text to compress.
        content_type (str): mime-type of compression method to use.
    """
    encoder, content_type = get_encoder(content_type)
    return encoder(ensure_bytes(body)), content_type

'args': getattr(request, 'args', None),
                    'kwargs': getattr(request, 'kwargs', None),
                    'worker': getattr(request, 'hostname', None),
                    'retries': getattr(request, 'retries', None),
                    'queue': request.delivery_info.get('routing_key')
                    if hasattr(request, 'delivery_info') and
                    request.delivery_info else None
                }

                if encode:
                    # args and kwargs need to be encoded properly before saving
                    encode_needed_fields = {"args", "kwargs"}
                    for field in encode_needed_fields:
                        value = request_meta[field]
                        encoded_value = self.encode(value)
                        request_meta[field] = ensure_bytes(encoded_value)

                meta.update(request_meta)

        return meta

def republish(producer, message, exchange=None, routing_key=None,
              remove_props=None):
    """Republish message."""
    if not remove_props:
        remove_props = ['application_headers', 'content_type',
                        'content_encoding', 'headers']
    body = ensure_bytes(message.body)  # use raw message body.
    info, headers, props = (message.delivery_info,
                            message.headers, message.properties)
    exchange = info['exchange'] if exchange is None else exchange
    routing_key = info['routing_key'] if routing_key is None else routing_key
    ctype, enc = message.content_type, message.content_encoding
    # remove compression header, as this will be inserted again
    # when the message is recompressed.
    compression = headers.pop('compression', None)

    for key in remove_props:
        props.pop(key, None)

    producer.publish(ensure_bytes(body), exchange=exchange,
                     routing_key=routing_key, compression=compression,
                     headers=headers, content_type=ctype,
                     content_encoding=enc, **props)

def file_hash(filename, algorithm='md5'):
    hobj = hashlib.new(algorithm)
    with open(filename, 'rb') as f:
        for chunk in iter(lambda: f.read(2 ** 20), ''):
            hobj.update(ensure_bytes(chunk))
    return hobj.digest()

def compress(body, content_type):
    """Compress text.

    :param body: The text to compress.
    :param content_type: mime-type of compression method to use.

    """
    encoder, content_type = get_encoder(content_type)
    return encoder(ensure_bytes(body)), content_type

def __init__(self, key, password=None):
        with reraise_errors(
            'Invalid private key: {0!r}', errors=(ValueError,)
        ):
            self._key = serialization.load_pem_private_key(
                ensure_bytes(key),
                password=password,
                backend=default_backend())

def set(self, key, value):
        with self.open(self._filename(key), 'wb') as outfile:
            outfile.write(ensure_bytes(value))