flake8-annotations

flake8-annotations is a plugin for Flake8 that detects the absence of PEP 3107-style function annotations and PEP 484-style type comments (see: Caveats).

What this won't do: Check variable annotations (see: PEP 526), respect stub files, or replace mypy.

Installation

Install from PyPi with your favorite pip invocation:

$ pip install flake8-annotations

It will then be run automatically as part of flake8.

You can verify it's being picked up by invoking the following in your shell:

$ flake8 --version
4.0.1 (flake8-annotations: 2.9.0, mccabe: 0.6.1, pycodestyle: 2.8.0, pyflakes:2.4.0) CPython 3.10.2 on Darwin

Table of Warnings

With the exception of ANN4xx-level warnings, all warnings are enabled by default.

Function Annotations

ID	Description
ANN001	Missing type annotation for function argument
ANN002	Missing type annotation for *args
ANN003	Missing type annotation for **kwargs

Method Annotations

ID	Description
ANN101	Missing type annotation for self in method1
ANN102	Missing type annotation for cls in classmethod1

Return Annotations

ID	Description
ANN201	Missing return type annotation for public function
ANN202	Missing return type annotation for protected function
ANN203	Missing return type annotation for secret function
ANN204	Missing return type annotation for special method
ANN205	Missing return type annotation for staticmethod
ANN206	Missing return type annotation for classmethod

Type Comments

Deprecation notice: Support for type comments will be removed in 3.0. See this issue for more information.

ID	Description
ANN301	PEP 484 disallows both type annotations and type comments

Opinionated Warnings

These warnings are disabled by default.

ID	Description
ANN401	Dynamically typed expressions (typing.Any) are disallowed.2

Notes:

1. See: PEP 484 and PEP 563 for suggestions on annotating self and cls arguments.
2. See: Dynamic Typing Caveats

Configuration Options

Some opinionated flags are provided to tailor the linting errors emitted.

--suppress-none-returning: bool

Suppress ANN200-level errors for functions that meet one of the following criteria:

• Contain no return statement, or
• Explicit return statement(s) all return None (explicitly or implicitly).

Default: False

--suppress-dummy-args: bool

Suppress ANN000-level errors for dummy arguments, defined as _.

Default: False

--allow-untyped-defs: bool

Suppress all errors for dynamically typed functions. A function is considered dynamically typed if it does not contain any type hints.

Default: False

--allow-untyped-nested: bool

Suppress all errors for dynamically typed nested functions. A function is considered dynamically typed if it does not contain any type hints.

Default: False

--mypy-init-return: bool

Allow omission of a return type hint for __init__ if at least one argument is annotated. See mypy's documentation for additional details.

Default: False

--dispatch-decorators: list[str]

Comma-separated list of decorators flake8-annotations should consider as dispatch decorators. Linting errors are suppressed for functions decorated with at least one of these functions.

Decorators are matched based on their attribute name. For example, "singledispatch" will match any of the following:

• import functools; @functools.singledispatch
• import functools as <alias>; @<alias>.singledispatch
• from functools import singledispatch; @singledispatch

NOTE: Deeper imports, such as a.b.singledispatch are not supported.

See: Generic Functions for additional information.

Default: "singledispatch, singledispatchmethod"

--overload-decorators: list[str]

Comma-separated list of decorators flake8-annotations should consider as typing.overload decorators.

Decorators are matched based on their attribute name. For example, "overload" will match any of the following:

• import typing; @typing.overload
• import typing as <alias>; @<alias>.overload
• from typing import overload; @overload

NOTE: Deeper imports, such as a.b.overload are not supported.

See: The typing.overload Decorator for additional information.

Default: "overload"

--allow-star-arg-any

Suppress ANN401 for dynamically typed *args and **kwargs.

Default: False

Generic Functions

Per the Python Glossary, a generic function is defined as:

A function composed of multiple functions implementing the same operation for different types. Which implementation should be used during a call is determined by the dispatch algorithm.

In the standard library we have some examples of decorators for implementing these generic functions: functools.singledispatch and functools.singledispatchmethod. In the spirit of the purpose of these decorators, errors for missing annotations for functions decorated with at least one of these are ignored.

For example, this code:

import functools

@functools.singledispatch
def foo(a):
    print(a)

@foo.register
def _(a: list) -> None:
    for idx, thing in enumerate(a):
        print(idx, thing)

Will not raise any linting errors for foo.

Decorator(s) to treat as defining generic functions may be specified by the --dispatch-decorators configuration option.

The typing.overload Decorator

Per the typing documentation:

The @overload decorator allows describing functions and methods that support multiple different combinations of argument types. A series of @overload-decorated definitions must be followed by exactly one non-@overload-decorated definition (for the same function/method).

In the spirit of the purpose of this decorator, errors for missing annotations for non-@overload-decorated functions are ignored if they meet this criteria.

For example, this code:

import typing


@typing.overload
def foo(a: int) -> int:
    ...

def foo(a):
    ...

Will not raise linting errors for missing annotations for the arguments & return of the non-decorated foo definition.

Decorator(s) to treat as typing.overload may be specified by the --overload-decorators configuration option.

Caveats for PEP 484-style Type Comments

Deprecation notice: Support for type comments will be removed in 3.0. See this issue for more information.

Mixing argument-level and function-level type comments

Support is provided for mixing argument-level and function-level type comments.

def foo(
    arg1,  # type: bool
    arg2,  # type: bool
):  # type: (...) -> bool
    pass

Note: If present, function-level type comments will override any argument-level type comments.

Partial type comments

Partially type hinted functions are supported for non-static class methods.

For example:

class Foo:
    def __init__(self):
        # type: () -> None
        ...

    def bar(self, a):
        # type: (int) -> int
        ...

Will consider bar's self argument as unannotated and use the int type hint for a.

Partial type comments utilizing ellipses as placeholders is also supported:

def foo(arg1, arg2):
    # type: (bool) -> bool
    pass

Will show arg2 as missing a type hint.

def foo(arg1, arg2):
    # type: (..., bool) -> bool
    pass

Will show arg1 as missing a type hint.

Dynamic Typing Caveats

Support is only provided for the following patterns:

• from typing import any; foo: Any
• import typing; foo: typing.Any
• import typing as <alias>; foo: <alias>.Any

Nested dynamic types (e.g. typing.Tuple[typing.Any]) and redefinition (e.g. from typing import Any as Foo) will not be identified.

Contributing

Development Environment

This project uses Poetry to manage dependencies. With your fork cloned to your local machine, you can install the project and its dependencies to create a development environment using:

$ poetry install

Note: An editable installation of flake8-annotations in the developer environment is required in order for the plugin to be registered for Flake8. By default, Poetry includes an editable install of the project itself when poetry install is invoked.

A pre-commit configuration is also provided to create a pre-commit hook so linting errors aren't committed:

$ pre-commit install

Testing & Coverage

A pytest suite is provided, with coverage reporting from pytest-cov. A tox configuration is provided to test across all supported versions of Python. Testing will be skipped for Python versions that cannot be found.

$ tox

Details on missing coverage, including in the test suite, is provided in the report to allow the user to generate additional tests for full coverage.