How to use boltons - 10 common examples

def _get_context(request, stubs=None, pkg_path=None, data_dir=None):
        stubs = stubs or []
        _frozen = [s.frozen for s in stubs]
        _fware = [s.firmware.frozen for s in stubs if s.firmware is not None]
        _stub_paths = [s.stubs for s in stubs]
        _paths = setutils.IndexedSet([*_frozen, *_fware, *_stub_paths])
        _context = {
            'base': {},
            'stubs': {
                'stubs': set(stubs),
                'paths': _paths,
                'datadir': data_dir,
            },
            'reqs': {
                'paths': setutils.IndexedSet([pkg_path]),
                'local_paths': set([])
            }
        }
        if request == 'all':
            request = ",".join(list(_context.keys()))
        mods = request.split(',')
        if 'reqs' in mods and 'stubs' in mods:

def _get_context(request, stubs=None, pkg_path=None, data_dir=None):
        stubs = stubs or []
        _frozen = [s.frozen for s in stubs]
        _fware = [s.firmware.frozen for s in stubs if s.firmware is not None]
        _stub_paths = [s.stubs for s in stubs]
        _paths = setutils.IndexedSet([*_frozen, *_fware, *_stub_paths])
        _context = {
            'base': {},
            'stubs': {
                'stubs': set(stubs),
                'paths': _paths,
                'datadir': data_dir,
            },
            'reqs': {
                'paths': setutils.IndexedSet([pkg_path]),
                'local_paths': set([])
            }
        }
        if request == 'all':
            request = ",".join(list(_context.keys()))
        mods = request.split(',')
        if 'reqs' in mods and 'stubs' in mods:
            _ctx = _context['stubs'].copy()
            _ctx['paths'].update(_context['reqs']['paths'])
            _ctx['local_paths'] = _context['reqs']['local_paths']
            return _ctx
        context = {}
        for m in mods:
            context = {**context, **_context.get(m, {})}
        return context
    return _get_context

def test_drop_nones(self):
        orig = {'a': 1, 'b': None, 'c': [3, None, 4, None]}
        ref = {'a': 1, 'c': [3, 4]}
        drop_none = lambda p, k, v: v is not None
        remapped = remap(orig, visit=drop_none)
        assert remapped == ref

        orig = [None] * 100
        remapped = remap(orig, drop_none)
        assert not remapped

def test_invalid_port():
    with pytest.raises(ValueError):
        URL('http://reader.googlewebsite.com:neverforget')

def test_normalize_with_case():
    # from RFC 3986 Section 6.2.2
    url1 = URL('example://a/b/c/%7Bfoo%7D')
    url2 = URL('eXAMPLE://a/./b/../b/%63/%7bfoo%7d')

    assert url1 != url2

    url1.normalize()
    url2.normalize()

    assert url1 == url2

def test_url_copy():
    url = URL('http://example.com/foo?bar=baz')
    url_copy = URL(url)
    assert url == url_copy

def test_netloc_slashes():
    # basic sanity checks
    url = URL('mailto:mahmoud@hatnote.com')
    assert url.scheme == 'mailto'
    assert url.to_text() == 'mailto:mahmoud@hatnote.com'

    url = URL('http://hatnote.com')
    assert url.scheme == 'http'
    assert url.to_text() == 'http://hatnote.com'

    # test that unrecognized schemes stay consistent with '//'
    url = URL('newscheme:a:b:c')
    assert url.scheme == 'newscheme'
    assert url.to_text() == 'newscheme:a:b:c'

    url = URL('newerscheme://a/b/c')
    assert url.scheme == 'newerscheme'
    assert url.to_text() == 'newerscheme://a/b/c'

    # test that reasonable guesses are made
    url = URL('git+ftp://gitstub.biz/glyph/lefkowitz')
    assert url.scheme == 'git+ftp'
    assert url.to_text() == 'git+ftp://gitstub.biz/glyph/lefkowitz'

def test_netloc_slashes():
    # basic sanity checks
    url = URL('mailto:mahmoud@hatnote.com')
    assert url.scheme == 'mailto'
    assert url.to_text() == 'mailto:mahmoud@hatnote.com'

    url = URL('http://hatnote.com')
    assert url.scheme == 'http'
    assert url.to_text() == 'http://hatnote.com'

    # test that unrecognized schemes stay consistent with '//'
    url = URL('newscheme:a:b:c')
    assert url.scheme == 'newscheme'
    assert url.to_text() == 'newscheme:a:b:c'

    url = URL('newerscheme://a/b/c')
    assert url.scheme == 'newerscheme'
    assert url.to_text() == 'newerscheme://a/b/c'

    # test that reasonable guesses are made
    url = URL('git+ftp://gitstub.biz/glyph/lefkowitz')
    assert url.scheme == 'git+ftp'
    assert url.to_text() == 'git+ftp://gitstub.biz/glyph/lefkowitz'

    url = URL('what+mailto:freerealestate@enotuniq.org')
    assert url.scheme == 'what+mailto'
    assert url.to_text() == 'what+mailto:freerealestate@enotuniq.org'

    url = URL()
    url.scheme = 'ztp'
    url.path = '/x/y/z'
    assert url.to_text() == 'ztp:/x/y/z'

def test_iri_query():
    url = URL(u'http://minerals.mountain.ore/?rock=\N{SHAMROCK}')
    assert url.query_params['rock'] == u'\N{SHAMROCK}'
    assert url.query_params.to_text(full_quote=True).endswith(u'%E2%98%98')

def test_query_params(test_url):
    url_obj = URL(test_url)
    if not url_obj.query_params or url_obj.fragment:
        return True
    qp_text = url_obj.query_params.to_text(full_quote=True)
    assert test_url.endswith(qp_text)