Vulnerabilities

3 via 75 paths

Dependencies

202

Source

GitHub

Commit

c43f0f18

Find, fix and prevent vulnerabilities in your code.

Severity
  • 3
Status
  • 3
  • 0
  • 0

medium severity

Web Cache Poisoning

  • Vulnerable module: rack
  • Introduced through: actionpack@7.0.8.1, rack-attack@6.7.0 and others

Detailed paths

  • Introduced through: coreinfrastructure/best-practices-badge@coreinfrastructure/best-practices-badge#c43f0f182abc6990f6b1556ff930a407e22317da actionpack@7.0.8.1 rack@2.2.8.1
    Remediation: Upgrade to actionpack@7.1.0.
  • Introduced through: coreinfrastructure/best-practices-badge@coreinfrastructure/best-practices-badge#c43f0f182abc6990f6b1556ff930a407e22317da rack-attack@6.7.0 rack@2.2.8.1
    Remediation: Upgrade to rack-attack@6.7.0.
  • Introduced through: coreinfrastructure/best-practices-badge@coreinfrastructure/best-practices-badge#c43f0f182abc6990f6b1556ff930a407e22317da rack-cors@2.0.2 rack@2.2.8.1
    Remediation: Upgrade to rack-cors@2.0.2.
  • Introduced through: coreinfrastructure/best-practices-badge@coreinfrastructure/best-practices-badge#c43f0f182abc6990f6b1556ff930a407e22317da rubocop-rails@2.21.2 rack@2.2.8.1
    Remediation: Upgrade to rubocop-rails@2.21.2.
  • Introduced through: coreinfrastructure/best-practices-badge@coreinfrastructure/best-practices-badge#c43f0f182abc6990f6b1556ff930a407e22317da actionpack@7.0.8.1 rack-test@2.1.0 rack@2.2.8.1
    Remediation: Upgrade to actionpack@7.0.8.1.
  • Introduced through: coreinfrastructure/best-practices-badge@coreinfrastructure/best-practices-badge#c43f0f182abc6990f6b1556ff930a407e22317da actionmailer@7.0.8.1 actionpack@7.0.8.1 rack@2.2.8.1
    Remediation: Upgrade to actionmailer@7.1.0.
  • Introduced through: coreinfrastructure/best-practices-badge@coreinfrastructure/best-practices-badge#c43f0f182abc6990f6b1556ff930a407e22317da railties@7.0.8.1 actionpack@7.0.8.1 rack@2.2.8.1
    Remediation: Upgrade to railties@7.1.0.
  • Introduced through: coreinfrastructure/best-practices-badge@coreinfrastructure/best-practices-badge#c43f0f182abc6990f6b1556ff930a407e22317da lograge@0.14.0 actionpack@7.0.8.1 rack@2.2.8.1
    Remediation: Upgrade to lograge@0.14.0.
  • Introduced through: coreinfrastructure/best-practices-badge@coreinfrastructure/best-practices-badge#c43f0f182abc6990f6b1556ff930a407e22317da omniauth-rails_csrf_protection@1.0.1 actionpack@7.0.8.1 rack@2.2.8.1
    Remediation: Upgrade to omniauth-rails_csrf_protection@1.0.1.
  • Introduced through: coreinfrastructure/best-practices-badge@coreinfrastructure/best-practices-badge#c43f0f182abc6990f6b1556ff930a407e22317da rails@7.0.8.1 actionpack@7.0.8.1 rack@2.2.8.1
    Remediation: Upgrade to rails@7.1.0.
  • Introduced through: coreinfrastructure/best-practices-badge@coreinfrastructure/best-practices-badge#c43f0f182abc6990f6b1556ff930a407e22317da rails-controller-testing@1.0.5 actionpack@7.0.8.1 rack@2.2.8.1
    Remediation: Upgrade to rails-controller-testing@1.0.5.
  • Introduced through: coreinfrastructure/best-practices-badge@coreinfrastructure/best-practices-badge#c43f0f182abc6990f6b1556ff930a407e22317da sprockets-rails@3.4.2 actionpack@7.0.8.1 rack@2.2.8.1
    Remediation: Upgrade to sprockets-rails@3.4.2.
  • Introduced through: coreinfrastructure/best-practices-badge@coreinfrastructure/best-practices-badge#c43f0f182abc6990f6b1556ff930a407e22317da capybara-slow_finder_errors@0.1.5 capybara@3.40.0 rack@2.2.8.1
    Remediation: Upgrade to capybara-slow_finder_errors@0.1.5.
  • Introduced through: coreinfrastructure/best-practices-badge@coreinfrastructure/best-practices-badge#c43f0f182abc6990f6b1556ff930a407e22317da lograge@0.14.0 request_store@1.6.0 rack@2.2.8.1
    Remediation: Upgrade to lograge@0.14.0.
  • Introduced through: coreinfrastructure/best-practices-badge@coreinfrastructure/best-practices-badge#c43f0f182abc6990f6b1556ff930a407e22317da paper_trail@12.3.0 request_store@1.6.0 rack@2.2.8.1
    Remediation: Upgrade to paper_trail@12.3.0.
  • Introduced through: coreinfrastructure/best-practices-badge@coreinfrastructure/best-practices-badge#c43f0f182abc6990f6b1556ff930a407e22317da omniauth-github@2.0.1 omniauth@2.1.2 rack@2.2.8.1
    Remediation: Upgrade to omniauth-github@2.0.1.
  • Introduced through: coreinfrastructure/best-practices-badge@coreinfrastructure/best-practices-badge#c43f0f182abc6990f6b1556ff930a407e22317da omniauth-rails_csrf_protection@1.0.1 omniauth@2.1.2 rack@2.2.8.1
    Remediation: Upgrade to omniauth-rails_csrf_protection@1.0.1.
  • Introduced through: coreinfrastructure/best-practices-badge@coreinfrastructure/best-practices-badge#c43f0f182abc6990f6b1556ff930a407e22317da sprockets-rails@3.4.2 sprockets@3.7.2 rack@2.2.8.1
    Remediation: Upgrade to sprockets-rails@3.4.2.
  • Introduced through: coreinfrastructure/best-practices-badge@coreinfrastructure/best-practices-badge#c43f0f182abc6990f6b1556ff930a407e22317da sass-rails@5.1.0 sprockets@3.7.2 rack@2.2.8.1
    Remediation: Upgrade to sass-rails@6.0.0.
  • Introduced through: coreinfrastructure/best-practices-badge@coreinfrastructure/best-practices-badge#c43f0f182abc6990f6b1556ff930a407e22317da actionmailer@7.0.8.1 actionpack@7.0.8.1 rack-test@2.1.0 rack@2.2.8.1
    Remediation: Upgrade to actionmailer@7.0.8.1.
  • Introduced through: coreinfrastructure/best-practices-badge@coreinfrastructure/best-practices-badge#c43f0f182abc6990f6b1556ff930a407e22317da railties@7.0.8.1 actionpack@7.0.8.1 rack-test@2.1.0 rack@2.2.8.1
    Remediation: Upgrade to railties@7.0.8.1.
  • Introduced through: coreinfrastructure/best-practices-badge@coreinfrastructure/best-practices-badge#c43f0f182abc6990f6b1556ff930a407e22317da lograge@0.14.0 actionpack@7.0.8.1 rack-test@2.1.0 rack@2.2.8.1
    Remediation: Upgrade to lograge@0.14.0.
  • Introduced through: coreinfrastructure/best-practices-badge@coreinfrastructure/best-practices-badge#c43f0f182abc6990f6b1556ff930a407e22317da omniauth-rails_csrf_protection@1.0.1 actionpack@7.0.8.1 rack-test@2.1.0 rack@2.2.8.1
    Remediation: Upgrade to omniauth-rails_csrf_protection@1.0.1.
  • Introduced through: coreinfrastructure/best-practices-badge@coreinfrastructure/best-practices-badge#c43f0f182abc6990f6b1556ff930a407e22317da rails@7.0.8.1 actionpack@7.0.8.1 rack-test@2.1.0 rack@2.2.8.1
    Remediation: Upgrade to rails@7.0.8.1.
  • Introduced through: coreinfrastructure/best-practices-badge@coreinfrastructure/best-practices-badge#c43f0f182abc6990f6b1556ff930a407e22317da rails-controller-testing@1.0.5 actionpack@7.0.8.1 rack-test@2.1.0 rack@2.2.8.1
    Remediation: Upgrade to rails-controller-testing@1.0.5.
  • Introduced through: coreinfrastructure/best-practices-badge@coreinfrastructure/best-practices-badge#c43f0f182abc6990f6b1556ff930a407e22317da sprockets-rails@3.4.2 actionpack@7.0.8.1 rack-test@2.1.0 rack@2.2.8.1
    Remediation: Upgrade to sprockets-rails@3.4.2.
  • Introduced through: coreinfrastructure/best-practices-badge@coreinfrastructure/best-practices-badge#c43f0f182abc6990f6b1556ff930a407e22317da capybara-slow_finder_errors@0.1.5 capybara@3.40.0 rack-test@2.1.0 rack@2.2.8.1
    Remediation: Upgrade to capybara-slow_finder_errors@0.1.5.
  • Introduced through: coreinfrastructure/best-practices-badge@coreinfrastructure/best-practices-badge#c43f0f182abc6990f6b1556ff930a407e22317da rails@7.0.8.1 actionmailer@7.0.8.1 actionpack@7.0.8.1 rack@2.2.8.1
    Remediation: Upgrade to rails@7.1.0.
  • Introduced through: coreinfrastructure/best-practices-badge@coreinfrastructure/best-practices-badge#c43f0f182abc6990f6b1556ff930a407e22317da bootstrap-social-rails@4.12.0 railties@7.0.8.1 actionpack@7.0.8.1 rack@2.2.8.1
    Remediation: Upgrade to bootstrap-social-rails@4.12.0.
  • Introduced through: coreinfrastructure/best-practices-badge@coreinfrastructure/best-practices-badge#c43f0f182abc6990f6b1556ff930a407e22317da dotenv-rails@2.8.1 railties@7.0.8.1 actionpack@7.0.8.1 rack@2.2.8.1
    Remediation: Upgrade to dotenv-rails@2.8.1.
  • Introduced through: coreinfrastructure/best-practices-badge@coreinfrastructure/best-practices-badge#c43f0f182abc6990f6b1556ff930a407e22317da font-awesome-rails@4.7.0.8 railties@7.0.8.1 actionpack@7.0.8.1 rack@2.2.8.1
    Remediation: Upgrade to font-awesome-rails@4.7.0.8.
  • Introduced through: coreinfrastructure/best-practices-badge@coreinfrastructure/best-practices-badge#c43f0f182abc6990f6b1556ff930a407e22317da imagesLoaded_rails@4.1.0 railties@7.0.8.1 actionpack@7.0.8.1 rack@2.2.8.1
    Remediation: Upgrade to imagesLoaded_rails@4.1.0.
  • Introduced through: coreinfrastructure/best-practices-badge@coreinfrastructure/best-practices-badge#c43f0f182abc6990f6b1556ff930a407e22317da jquery-rails@4.6.0 railties@7.0.8.1 actionpack@7.0.8.1 rack@2.2.8.1
    Remediation: Upgrade to jquery-rails@4.6.0.
  • Introduced through: coreinfrastructure/best-practices-badge@coreinfrastructure/best-practices-badge#c43f0f182abc6990f6b1556ff930a407e22317da jquery-ui-rails@6.0.1 railties@7.0.8.1 actionpack@7.0.8.1 rack@2.2.8.1
    Remediation: Upgrade to jquery-ui-rails@6.0.1.
  • Introduced through: coreinfrastructure/best-practices-badge@coreinfrastructure/best-practices-badge#c43f0f182abc6990f6b1556ff930a407e22317da lograge@0.14.0 railties@7.0.8.1 actionpack@7.0.8.1 rack@2.2.8.1
    Remediation: Upgrade to lograge@0.14.0.
  • Introduced through: coreinfrastructure/best-practices-badge@coreinfrastructure/best-practices-badge#c43f0f182abc6990f6b1556ff930a407e22317da rails@7.0.8.1 railties@7.0.8.1 actionpack@7.0.8.1 rack@2.2.8.1
    Remediation: Upgrade to rails@7.1.0.
  • Introduced through: coreinfrastructure/best-practices-badge@coreinfrastructure/best-practices-badge#c43f0f182abc6990f6b1556ff930a407e22317da rails-i18n@7.0.9 railties@7.0.8.1 actionpack@7.0.8.1 rack@2.2.8.1
    Remediation: Upgrade to rails-i18n@7.0.9.
  • Introduced through: coreinfrastructure/best-practices-badge@coreinfrastructure/best-practices-badge#c43f0f182abc6990f6b1556ff930a407e22317da sass-rails@5.1.0 railties@7.0.8.1 actionpack@7.0.8.1 rack@2.2.8.1
    Remediation: Upgrade to sass-rails@5.1.0.
  • Introduced through: coreinfrastructure/best-practices-badge@coreinfrastructure/best-practices-badge#c43f0f182abc6990f6b1556ff930a407e22317da sentry-rails@5.17.0 railties@7.0.8.1 actionpack@7.0.8.1 rack@2.2.8.1
    Remediation: Upgrade to sentry-rails@5.17.0.
  • Introduced through: coreinfrastructure/best-practices-badge@coreinfrastructure/best-practices-badge#c43f0f182abc6990f6b1556ff930a407e22317da web-console@4.2.1 railties@7.0.8.1 actionpack@7.0.8.1 rack@2.2.8.1
    Remediation: Upgrade to web-console@4.2.1.
  • Introduced through: coreinfrastructure/best-practices-badge@coreinfrastructure/best-practices-badge#c43f0f182abc6990f6b1556ff930a407e22317da rails@7.0.8.1 actioncable@7.0.8.1 actionpack@7.0.8.1 rack@2.2.8.1
    Remediation: Upgrade to rails@7.1.0.
  • Introduced through: coreinfrastructure/best-practices-badge@coreinfrastructure/best-practices-badge#c43f0f182abc6990f6b1556ff930a407e22317da rails@7.0.8.1 activestorage@7.0.8.1 actionpack@7.0.8.1 rack@2.2.8.1
    Remediation: Upgrade to rails@7.1.0.
  • Introduced through: coreinfrastructure/best-practices-badge@coreinfrastructure/best-practices-badge#c43f0f182abc6990f6b1556ff930a407e22317da rails@7.0.8.1 actionmailbox@7.0.8.1 actionpack@7.0.8.1 rack@2.2.8.1
    Remediation: Upgrade to rails@7.1.0.
  • Introduced through: coreinfrastructure/best-practices-badge@coreinfrastructure/best-practices-badge#c43f0f182abc6990f6b1556ff930a407e22317da rails@7.0.8.1 actiontext@7.0.8.1 actionpack@7.0.8.1 rack@2.2.8.1
    Remediation: Upgrade to rails@7.1.0.
  • Introduced through: coreinfrastructure/best-practices-badge@coreinfrastructure/best-practices-badge#c43f0f182abc6990f6b1556ff930a407e22317da sass-rails@5.1.0 sprockets-rails@3.4.2 actionpack@7.0.8.1 rack@2.2.8.1
    Remediation: Upgrade to sass-rails@5.1.0.
  • Introduced through: coreinfrastructure/best-practices-badge@coreinfrastructure/best-practices-badge#c43f0f182abc6990f6b1556ff930a407e22317da omniauth-github@2.0.1 omniauth@2.1.2 rack-protection@3.2.0 rack@2.2.8.1
    Remediation: Upgrade to omniauth-github@2.0.1.
  • Introduced through: coreinfrastructure/best-practices-badge@coreinfrastructure/best-practices-badge#c43f0f182abc6990f6b1556ff930a407e22317da omniauth-rails_csrf_protection@1.0.1 omniauth@2.1.2 rack-protection@3.2.0 rack@2.2.8.1
    Remediation: Upgrade to omniauth-rails_csrf_protection@1.0.1.
  • Introduced through: coreinfrastructure/best-practices-badge@coreinfrastructure/best-practices-badge#c43f0f182abc6990f6b1556ff930a407e22317da omniauth-github@2.0.1 omniauth-oauth2@1.8.0 omniauth@2.1.2 rack@2.2.8.1
    Remediation: Upgrade to omniauth-github@2.0.1.
  • Introduced through: coreinfrastructure/best-practices-badge@coreinfrastructure/best-practices-badge#c43f0f182abc6990f6b1556ff930a407e22317da omniauth-github@2.0.1 omniauth-oauth2@1.8.0 oauth2@2.0.9 rack@2.2.8.1
    Remediation: Upgrade to omniauth-github@2.0.1.
  • Introduced through: coreinfrastructure/best-practices-badge@coreinfrastructure/best-practices-badge#c43f0f182abc6990f6b1556ff930a407e22317da sass-rails@5.1.0 sprockets-rails@3.4.2 sprockets@3.7.2 rack@2.2.8.1
    Remediation: Upgrade to sass-rails@5.1.0.
  • Introduced through: coreinfrastructure/best-practices-badge@coreinfrastructure/best-practices-badge#c43f0f182abc6990f6b1556ff930a407e22317da rails@7.0.8.1 actionmailer@7.0.8.1 actionpack@7.0.8.1 rack-test@2.1.0 rack@2.2.8.1
    Remediation: Upgrade to rails@7.0.8.1.
  • Introduced through: coreinfrastructure/best-practices-badge@coreinfrastructure/best-practices-badge#c43f0f182abc6990f6b1556ff930a407e22317da bootstrap-social-rails@4.12.0 railties@7.0.8.1 actionpack@7.0.8.1 rack-test@2.1.0 rack@2.2.8.1
    Remediation: Upgrade to bootstrap-social-rails@4.12.0.
  • Introduced through: coreinfrastructure/best-practices-badge@coreinfrastructure/best-practices-badge#c43f0f182abc6990f6b1556ff930a407e22317da dotenv-rails@2.8.1 railties@7.0.8.1 actionpack@7.0.8.1 rack-test@2.1.0 rack@2.2.8.1
    Remediation: Upgrade to dotenv-rails@2.8.1.
  • Introduced through: coreinfrastructure/best-practices-badge@coreinfrastructure/best-practices-badge#c43f0f182abc6990f6b1556ff930a407e22317da font-awesome-rails@4.7.0.8 railties@7.0.8.1 actionpack@7.0.8.1 rack-test@2.1.0 rack@2.2.8.1
    Remediation: Upgrade to font-awesome-rails@4.7.0.8.
  • Introduced through: coreinfrastructure/best-practices-badge@coreinfrastructure/best-practices-badge#c43f0f182abc6990f6b1556ff930a407e22317da imagesLoaded_rails@4.1.0 railties@7.0.8.1 actionpack@7.0.8.1 rack-test@2.1.0 rack@2.2.8.1
    Remediation: Upgrade to imagesLoaded_rails@4.1.0.
  • Introduced through: coreinfrastructure/best-practices-badge@coreinfrastructure/best-practices-badge#c43f0f182abc6990f6b1556ff930a407e22317da jquery-rails@4.6.0 railties@7.0.8.1 actionpack@7.0.8.1 rack-test@2.1.0 rack@2.2.8.1
    Remediation: Upgrade to jquery-rails@4.6.0.
  • Introduced through: coreinfrastructure/best-practices-badge@coreinfrastructure/best-practices-badge#c43f0f182abc6990f6b1556ff930a407e22317da jquery-ui-rails@6.0.1 railties@7.0.8.1 actionpack@7.0.8.1 rack-test@2.1.0 rack@2.2.8.1
    Remediation: Upgrade to jquery-ui-rails@6.0.1.
  • Introduced through: coreinfrastructure/best-practices-badge@coreinfrastructure/best-practices-badge#c43f0f182abc6990f6b1556ff930a407e22317da lograge@0.14.0 railties@7.0.8.1 actionpack@7.0.8.1 rack-test@2.1.0 rack@2.2.8.1
    Remediation: Upgrade to lograge@0.14.0.
  • Introduced through: coreinfrastructure/best-practices-badge@coreinfrastructure/best-practices-badge#c43f0f182abc6990f6b1556ff930a407e22317da rails@7.0.8.1 railties@7.0.8.1 actionpack@7.0.8.1 rack-test@2.1.0 rack@2.2.8.1
    Remediation: Upgrade to rails@7.0.8.1.
  • Introduced through: coreinfrastructure/best-practices-badge@coreinfrastructure/best-practices-badge#c43f0f182abc6990f6b1556ff930a407e22317da rails-i18n@7.0.9 railties@7.0.8.1 actionpack@7.0.8.1 rack-test@2.1.0 rack@2.2.8.1
    Remediation: Upgrade to rails-i18n@7.0.9.
  • Introduced through: coreinfrastructure/best-practices-badge@coreinfrastructure/best-practices-badge#c43f0f182abc6990f6b1556ff930a407e22317da sass-rails@5.1.0 railties@7.0.8.1 actionpack@7.0.8.1 rack-test@2.1.0 rack@2.2.8.1
    Remediation: Upgrade to sass-rails@5.1.0.
  • Introduced through: coreinfrastructure/best-practices-badge@coreinfrastructure/best-practices-badge#c43f0f182abc6990f6b1556ff930a407e22317da sentry-rails@5.17.0 railties@7.0.8.1 actionpack@7.0.8.1 rack-test@2.1.0 rack@2.2.8.1
    Remediation: Upgrade to sentry-rails@5.17.0.
  • Introduced through: coreinfrastructure/best-practices-badge@coreinfrastructure/best-practices-badge#c43f0f182abc6990f6b1556ff930a407e22317da web-console@4.2.1 railties@7.0.8.1 actionpack@7.0.8.1 rack-test@2.1.0 rack@2.2.8.1
    Remediation: Upgrade to web-console@4.2.1.
  • Introduced through: coreinfrastructure/best-practices-badge@coreinfrastructure/best-practices-badge#c43f0f182abc6990f6b1556ff930a407e22317da rails@7.0.8.1 actioncable@7.0.8.1 actionpack@7.0.8.1 rack-test@2.1.0 rack@2.2.8.1
    Remediation: Upgrade to rails@7.0.8.1.
  • Introduced through: coreinfrastructure/best-practices-badge@coreinfrastructure/best-practices-badge#c43f0f182abc6990f6b1556ff930a407e22317da rails@7.0.8.1 activestorage@7.0.8.1 actionpack@7.0.8.1 rack-test@2.1.0 rack@2.2.8.1
    Remediation: Upgrade to rails@7.0.8.1.
  • Introduced through: coreinfrastructure/best-practices-badge@coreinfrastructure/best-practices-badge#c43f0f182abc6990f6b1556ff930a407e22317da rails@7.0.8.1 actionmailbox@7.0.8.1 actionpack@7.0.8.1 rack-test@2.1.0 rack@2.2.8.1
    Remediation: Upgrade to rails@7.0.8.1.
  • Introduced through: coreinfrastructure/best-practices-badge@coreinfrastructure/best-practices-badge#c43f0f182abc6990f6b1556ff930a407e22317da rails@7.0.8.1 actiontext@7.0.8.1 actionpack@7.0.8.1 rack-test@2.1.0 rack@2.2.8.1
    Remediation: Upgrade to rails@7.0.8.1.
  • Introduced through: coreinfrastructure/best-practices-badge@coreinfrastructure/best-practices-badge#c43f0f182abc6990f6b1556ff930a407e22317da sass-rails@5.1.0 sprockets-rails@3.4.2 actionpack@7.0.8.1 rack-test@2.1.0 rack@2.2.8.1
    Remediation: Upgrade to sass-rails@5.1.0.
  • Introduced through: coreinfrastructure/best-practices-badge@coreinfrastructure/best-practices-badge#c43f0f182abc6990f6b1556ff930a407e22317da rails@7.0.8.1 actionmailbox@7.0.8.1 activestorage@7.0.8.1 actionpack@7.0.8.1 rack@2.2.8.1
    Remediation: Upgrade to rails@7.1.0.
  • Introduced through: coreinfrastructure/best-practices-badge@coreinfrastructure/best-practices-badge#c43f0f182abc6990f6b1556ff930a407e22317da rails@7.0.8.1 actiontext@7.0.8.1 activestorage@7.0.8.1 actionpack@7.0.8.1 rack@2.2.8.1
    Remediation: Upgrade to rails@7.1.0.
  • Introduced through: coreinfrastructure/best-practices-badge@coreinfrastructure/best-practices-badge#c43f0f182abc6990f6b1556ff930a407e22317da omniauth-github@2.0.1 omniauth-oauth2@1.8.0 omniauth@2.1.2 rack-protection@3.2.0 rack@2.2.8.1
    Remediation: Upgrade to omniauth-github@2.0.1.
  • Introduced through: coreinfrastructure/best-practices-badge@coreinfrastructure/best-practices-badge#c43f0f182abc6990f6b1556ff930a407e22317da rails@7.0.8.1 actionmailbox@7.0.8.1 activestorage@7.0.8.1 actionpack@7.0.8.1 rack-test@2.1.0 rack@2.2.8.1
    Remediation: Upgrade to rails@7.0.8.1.
  • Introduced through: coreinfrastructure/best-practices-badge@coreinfrastructure/best-practices-badge#c43f0f182abc6990f6b1556ff930a407e22317da rails@7.0.8.1 actiontext@7.0.8.1 activestorage@7.0.8.1 actionpack@7.0.8.1 rack-test@2.1.0 rack@2.2.8.1
    Remediation: Upgrade to rails@7.0.8.1.

Overview

rack is a minimal, modular and adaptable interface for developing web applications in Ruby. By wrapping HTTP requests and responses in the simplest way possible, it unifies and distills the API for web servers, web frameworks, and software in between (the so-called middleware) into a single method call.

Affected versions of this package are vulnerable to Web Cache Poisoning by using a vector called parameter cloaking. When the attacker can separate query parameters using a semicolon (;), they can cause a difference in the interpretation of the request between the proxy (running with default configuration) and the server. This can result in malicious requests being cached as completely safe ones, as the proxy would usually not see the semicolon as a separator, and therefore would not include it in a cache key of an unkeyed parameter.

PoC

GET /?q=legitimate&utm_content=1;q=malicious HTTP/1.1

Host: somesite.com

Upgrade-Insecure-Requests: 1		

User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/85.0.4183.83 Safari/537.36

Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,imag e/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3;q=0.9 Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate			

Accept-Language: en-US,en;q=0.9 Connection: close			

The server sees 3 parameters here: q, utm_content and then q again. On the other hand, the proxy considers this full string: 1;q=malicious as the value of utm_content, which is why the cache key would only contain somesite.com/?q=legitimate.

Remediation

Upgrade rack to version 3.0.0.beta1 or higher.

References

medium severity

Information Exposure

  • Vulnerable module: actioncable
  • Introduced through: rails@7.0.8.1

Detailed paths

  • Introduced through: coreinfrastructure/best-practices-badge@coreinfrastructure/best-practices-badge#c43f0f182abc6990f6b1556ff930a407e22317da rails@7.0.8.1 actioncable@7.0.8.1
    Remediation: Upgrade to rails@7.1.0.

Overview

Affected versions of this package are vulnerable to Information Exposure.

Overview

actioncable is a package to structure many real-time application concerns into channels over a single WebSocket connection.

Affected versions of the package are vulnerable to Information Exposure. There is no way to filter out any sensitive data from the logs.

Remediation

There is no fix version for actioncable.

References

Remediation

Upgrade actioncable to version 7.1.0 or higher.

References

medium severity

Cross-site Scripting (XSS)

  • Vulnerable module: erubis
  • Introduced through: pronto-rails_best_practices@0.11.0

Detailed paths

  • Introduced through: coreinfrastructure/best-practices-badge@coreinfrastructure/best-practices-badge#c43f0f182abc6990f6b1556ff930a407e22317da pronto-rails_best_practices@0.11.0 rails_best_practices@1.23.2 erubis@2.7.0

Overview

erubis is an implementation of eRuby and has the following features:

Affected versions of the package are vulnerable to Cross-site Scripting (XSS). Single quotes were not properly escaped in the helper.rb and helpers/rails_helper.rb files. The Erubis Documentation shows missing escaping.

Details

A cross-site scripting attack occurs when the attacker tricks a legitimate web-based application or site to accept a request as originating from a trusted source.

This is done by escaping the context of the web application; the web application then delivers that data to its users along with other trusted dynamic content, without validating it. The browser unknowingly executes malicious script on the client side (through client-side languages; usually JavaScript or HTML) in order to perform actions that are otherwise typically blocked by the browser’s Same Origin Policy.

ֿInjecting malicious code is the most prevalent manner by which XSS is exploited; for this reason, escaping characters in order to prevent this manipulation is the top method for securing code against this vulnerability.

Escaping means that the application is coded to mark key characters, and particularly key characters included in user input, to prevent those characters from being interpreted in a dangerous context. For example, in HTML, < can be coded as &lt; and > can be coded as &gt; in order to be interpreted and displayed as themselves in text, while within the code itself, they are used for HTML tags. If malicious content is injected into an application that escapes special characters and that malicious content uses < and > as HTML tags, those characters are nonetheless not interpreted as HTML tags by the browser if they’ve been correctly escaped in the application code and in this way the attempted attack is diverted.

The most prominent use of XSS is to steal cookies (source: OWASP HttpOnly) and hijack user sessions, but XSS exploits have been used to expose sensitive information, enable access to privileged services and functionality and deliver malware.

Types of attacks

There are a few methods by which XSS can be manipulated:

Type Origin Description
Stored Server The malicious code is inserted in the application (usually as a link) by the attacker. The code is activated every time a user clicks the link.
Reflected Server The attacker delivers a malicious link externally from the vulnerable web site application to a user. When clicked, malicious code is sent to the vulnerable web site, which reflects the attack back to the user’s browser.
DOM-based Client The attacker forces the user’s browser to render a malicious page. The data in the page itself delivers the cross-site scripting data.
Mutated The attacker injects code that appears safe, but is then rewritten and modified by the browser, while parsing the markup. An example is rebalancing unclosed quotation marks or even adding quotation marks to unquoted parameters.

Affected environments

The following environments are susceptible to an XSS attack:

  • Web servers
  • Application servers
  • Web application environments

How to prevent

This section describes the top best practices designed to specifically protect your code:

  • Sanitize data input in an HTTP request before reflecting it back, ensuring all data is validated, filtered or escaped before echoing anything back to the user, such as the values of query parameters during searches.
  • Convert special characters such as ?, &, /, <, > and spaces to their respective HTML or URL encoded equivalents.
  • Give users the option to disable client-side scripts.
  • Redirect invalid requests.
  • Detect simultaneous logins, including those from two separate IP addresses, and invalidate those sessions.
  • Use and enforce a Content Security Policy (source: Wikipedia) to disable any features that might be manipulated for an XSS attack.
  • Read the documentation for any of the libraries referenced in your code to understand which elements allow for embedded HTML.

Remediation

There is no fix version for erubis.

References