How to use the ansible.module_utils._text.to_text function in ansible

meta = api.CollectionVersionMetadata('ansible_namespace', 'collection', '0.1.0', 'https://downloadme.com',
                                         'myhash', {})
    req = collection.CollectionRequirement('ansible_namespace', 'collection', None, galaxy_server,
                                           ['0.1.0'], '*', False, metadata=meta)
    req.install(to_text(output_path), temp_path)

    # Ensure the temp directory is empty, nothing is left behind
    assert os.listdir(temp_path) == []

    actual_files = os.listdir(collection_path)
    actual_files.sort()
    assert actual_files == [b'FILES.json', b'MANIFEST.json', b'README.md', b'docs', b'playbooks', b'plugins', b'roles']

    assert mock_display.call_count == 1
    assert mock_display.mock_calls[0][1][0] == "Installing 'ansible_namespace.collection:0.1.0' to '%s'" \
        % to_text(collection_path)

    assert mock_download.call_count == 1
    assert mock_download.mock_calls[0][1][0] == 'https://downloadme.com'
    assert mock_download.mock_calls[0][1][1] == temp_path
    assert mock_download.mock_calls[0][1][2] == 'myhash'
    assert mock_download.mock_calls[0][1][3] is True

def _download_file(url, b_path, expected_hash, validate_certs, headers=None):
    bufsize = 65536
    digest = sha256()

    urlsplit = os.path.splitext(to_text(url.rsplit('/', 1)[1]))
    b_file_name = to_bytes(urlsplit[0], errors='surrogate_or_strict')
    b_file_ext = to_bytes(urlsplit[1], errors='surrogate_or_strict')
    b_file_path = tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(dir=b_path, prefix=b_file_name, suffix=b_file_ext, delete=False).name

    display.vvv("Downloading %s to %s" % (url, to_text(b_path)))
    # Galaxy redirs downloads to S3 which reject the request if an Authorization header is attached so don't redir that
    resp = open_url(to_native(url, errors='surrogate_or_strict'), validate_certs=validate_certs, headers=headers,
                    unredirected_headers=['Authorization'], http_agent=user_agent())

    with open(b_file_path, 'wb') as download_file:
        data = resp.read(bufsize)
        while data:
            digest.update(data)
            download_file.write(data)
            data = resp.read(bufsize)

def _parse_vaulttext_envelope(b_vaulttext_envelope, default_vault_id=None):

    b_tmpdata = b_vaulttext_envelope.splitlines()
    b_tmpheader = b_tmpdata[0].strip().split(b';')

    b_version = b_tmpheader[1].strip()
    cipher_name = to_text(b_tmpheader[2].strip())
    vault_id = default_vault_id

    # Only attempt to find vault_id if the vault file is version 1.2 or newer
    # if self.b_version == b'1.2':
    if len(b_tmpheader) >= 4:
        vault_id = to_text(b_tmpheader[3].strip())

    b_ciphertext = b''.join(b_tmpdata[1:])

    return b_ciphertext, b_version, cipher_name, vault_id

src = self._task.args.get('src')
        working_path = self._get_working_path()

        if os.path.isabs(src) or urlsplit('src').scheme:
            source = src
        else:
            source = self._loader.path_dwim_relative(working_path, 'templates', src)
            if not source:
                source = self._loader.path_dwim_relative(working_path, src)

        if not os.path.exists(source):
            raise ValueError('path specified in src not found')

        try:
            with open(source, 'r') as f:
                template_data = to_text(f.read())
        except IOError:
            return dict(failed=True, msg='unable to load src file')

        # Create a template search path in the following order:
        # [working_path, self_role_path, dependent_role_paths, dirname(source)]
        searchpath = [working_path]
        if self._task._role is not None:
            searchpath.append(self._task._role._role_path)
            if hasattr(self._task, "_block:"):
                dep_chain = self._task._block.get_dep_chain()
                if dep_chain is not None:
                    for role in dep_chain:
                        searchpath.append(role._role_path)
        searchpath.append(os.path.dirname(source))
        self._templar.environment.loader.searchpath = searchpath
        self._task.args['src'] = self._templar.template(template_data)

([^:\]\s]+)             # group name (see groupname below)
                    (?::(\w+))?             # optional : and tag name
                \]
                \s*                         # ignore trailing whitespace
                (?:\#.*)?                   # and/or a comment till the
                $                           # end of the line
            ''', errors='surrogate_or_strict'), re.X
        )

        # FIXME: What are the real restrictions on group names, or rather, what
        # should they be? At the moment, they must be non-empty sequences of non
        # whitespace characters excluding ':' and ']', but we should define more
        # precise rules in order to support better diagnostics.

        self.patterns['groupname'] = re.compile(
            to_text(r'''^
                ([^:\]\s]+)
                \s*                         # ignore trailing whitespace
                (?:\#.*)?                   # and/or a comment till the
                $                           # end of the line
            ''', errors='surrogate_or_strict'), re.X
        )

if response.getcode() == 200:  # Success

        if state == "present":  # Logon Action

            # Result token from REST Api uses a different key based
            # the use of shared logon authentication
            token = None
            try:
                if use_shared_logon:
                    token = json.loads(response.read())["LogonResult"]
                else:
                    token = json.loads(response.read())["CyberArkLogonResult"]
            except Exception as e:
                module.fail_json(
                    msg="Error obtaining token\n%s" % (to_text(e)),
                    payload=payload,
                    headers=headers,
                    status_code=-1,
                )

            # Preparing result of the module
            result = {
                "cyberark_session": {
                    "token": token,
                    "api_base_url": api_base_url,
                    "validate_certs": validate_certs,
                    "use_shared_logon_authentication": use_shared_logon,
                }
            }

            if new_password is not None:

def get_capabilities(module):
    if hasattr(module, '_dellos9_capabilities'):
        return module._dellos9_capabilities
    try:
        capabilities = Connection(module._socket_path).get_capabilities()
    except ConnectionError as exc:
        module.fail_json(msg=to_text(exc, errors='surrogate_then_replace'))
    module._dellos9_capabilities = json.loads(capabilities)
    return module._dellos9_capabilities

def get_text(self, ele, tag):
        try:
            return to_text(ele.find(tag).text, errors='surrogate_then_replace').strip()
        except AttributeError:
            pass

with open(to_bytes(in_path, errors='surrogate_or_strict'), 'rb') as f:
                        in_data = to_bytes(f.read(), nonstring='passthru')
                    if not in_data:
                        count = ' count=0'
                    else:
                        count = ''
                    (returncode, stdout, stderr) = self.exec_command('dd of=%s bs=%s%s' % (out_path, BUFSIZE, count), in_data=in_data, sudoable=False)

            # Check the return code and rollover to next method if failed
            if returncode == 0:
                return (returncode, stdout, stderr)
            else:
                # If not in smart mode, the data will be printed by the raise below
                if len(methods) > 1:
                    display.warning(u'%s transfer mechanism failed on %s. Use ANSIBLE_DEBUG=1 to see detailed information' % (method, host))
                    display.debug(u'%s' % to_text(stdout))
                    display.debug(u'%s' % to_text(stderr))

        if returncode == 255:
            raise AnsibleConnectionFailure("Failed to connect to the host via %s: %s" % (method, to_native(stderr)))
        else:
            raise AnsibleError("failed to transfer file to %s %s:\n%s\n%s" %
                               (to_native(in_path), to_native(out_path), to_native(stdout), to_native(stderr)))

def __init__(self, play_context, new_stdin, *args, **kwargs):
        super(Connection, self).__init__(play_context, new_stdin, *args, **kwargs)
        self._task_uuid = to_text(kwargs.get('task_uuid', ''))